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Taxonomy
Arctodus was named by Leidy (1854).
It was assigned to Carnivora by Leidy (1860); to Tremarctinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995) and Schubert and Kaufmann (2003); to Ursidae by Leidy (1854), Hay (1902), Schultz and Howard (1935), Carroll (1988) and Albright et al. (2019); and to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020).
It was assigned to Carnivora by Leidy (1860); to Tremarctinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995) and Schubert and Kaufmann (2003); to Ursidae by Leidy (1854), Hay (1902), Schultz and Howard (1935), Carroll (1988) and Albright et al. (2019); and to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Arctodus Leidy p. 90 |
| 1860 | Arctodus Leidy p. 115 |
| 1902 | Arctodus Hay p. 763 |
| 1916 | Dinarctotherium Barbour p. 249 |
| 1926 | Tremarctotherium Kraglievich |
| 1935 | Arctodus Schultz and Howard p. 282 |
| 1955 | Tremarctotherium Hibbard p. 51 |
| 1980 | Arctodus Kurten and Anderson p. 180 |
| 1988 | Arctodus Carroll |
| 1995 | Arctodus Trajano and Ferrarezzi p. 559 |
| 2003 | Arctodus Schubert and Kaufmann p. 104 |
| 2019 | Arctodus Albright et al. p. 175 |
| 2020 | Arctodus Jiangzuo and Flynn |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Arctodus Leidy 1854
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†Arctodus simus Cope 1879 [giant short-faced bear]
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Invalid names: Arctotherium californicum Merriam 1911 [synonym], Arctotherium yukonense Lambe 1911 [synonym], Dinarctotherium merriami Barbour 1916 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dinarctotherium Barbour 1916 [synonym], Tremarctotherium Kraglievich 1926 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 2.58800 to 0.01170 Ma
Collections (69 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (California) | A. simus (20120) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Carnivora indet. (19970) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (19746 19754) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | A. sp. (19652) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (19758 20384) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | A. pristinus (20285) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | A. simus (103359) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Arctotherium sp. (74480) | |
| Pleistocene | Canada (Yukon) | Arctotherium yukonense (93370) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (77590) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Alabama) | A. simus (86852) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | A. pristinus (104698) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | A. haplodon, A. pristinus (20302) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | A. haplodon, Ursus haplodon (20479) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | A. simus (20498) | |
| Irvingtonian | Mexico (Aguascalientes) | A. simus (20283) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nebraska) | A. simus (20347) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (20145 20289 20299 20350 20400 20401 20403 20415 20475 20494 20524) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Montana) | A. simus (20310) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | A. pristinus (20537) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | A. simus (20206) A. sp. (20161 20319 20327) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (79921) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | A. simus (76060) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | A. simus (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Saskatchewan) | A. simus (20590) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Ohio) | A. simus (93334) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (South Dakota) | A. simus (93333) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | Mexico (San Luis Potosi) | A. sp. (71277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Arctotherium simum (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (79922 79923) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (93281) Tremarctotherium sp. (93141) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | A. sp. (154773) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | A. simus (93277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Indiana) | A. simus (93371) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | A. simus (230753) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | A. sp. (20273) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Kansas) | A. simus (20605) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | A. simus (189001) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Nevada) | A. simus (93278 93279) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Arctotherium sp. (93251) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Alaska) | A. simus (93341) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | A. simus (103358 104758 105549) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | A. simus (93103) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Wyoming) | A. simus (93181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Utah) | A. simus (74478 74479) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Missouri) | A. simus (63588) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Kansas) | Tremarctotherium simum (37788) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Mississippi) | A. simus (93347) |