Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Otarioidea was named by Gray (1825) [Originally described as a tribe.]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Ursida by Tedford (1976); to Caniformia by Fay (1985); to Pinnipedia by Mitchell (1961), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Mitchell (1966), Dubrovo (1984) and Riedman (1990); to Carnivora by Carroll (1988) and Barnes et al. (2006); and to Pinnipedia by Burns and Fay (1970) and Fulton and Strobeck (2010).
It was assigned to Ursida by Tedford (1976); to Caniformia by Fay (1985); to Pinnipedia by Mitchell (1961), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Mitchell (1966), Dubrovo (1984) and Riedman (1990); to Carnivora by Carroll (1988) and Barnes et al. (2006); and to Pinnipedia by Burns and Fay (1970) and Fulton and Strobeck (2010).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1825 | Otarioidea Gray p. 340 |
1961 | Otarioidea Mitchell p. 4 |
1963 | Otarioidea Scheffer and Rice p. 2 |
1966 | Otarioidea Mitchell p. 4 |
1970 | Otarioidea Burns and Fay p. 379 |
1976 | Otarioidea Tedford p. 372 |
1984 | Otarioidea Dubrovo p. 51 |
1985 | Otarioidea Fay p. 1 |
1988 | Otarioidea Carroll |
1990 | Otarioidea Riedman p. 58 figs. Table 2 |
2006 | Otarioidea Barnes et al. p. 59 |
2010 | Otarioidea Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Otarioidea Gray 1825
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Subfm. †Imagotariinae Mitchell 1968
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Invalid names: Kamtschararctinae Dubrovo 1981 [synonym], Kamtschatarctinae Dubrovo 1981 [synonym]
Fm. Odobenidae Allen 1880 [walrus]
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G. †Nanodobenus Velez and Salinas-Márquez 2018
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†Nanodobenus arandai Velez and Salinas-Márquez 2018
Unr. †Neodobenia Magallanes et al. 2018
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Subfm. †Dusignathinae Mitchell 1968
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G. †Dusignathus Kellogg 1927
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†Dusignathus santacruzensis Kellogg 1927
†Dusignathus seftoni Deméré 1994
Subfm. Odobeninae Allen 1880
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Tr. Odobenini Allen 1880
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G. Odobenus Brisson 1762 [walrus]
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†Odobenus mandanoensis Tomida 1989
Odobenus rosmarus Linnaeus 1758 [walrus]
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Invalid names: Hemicaulodon effodiens Cope 1869 [synonym], Odobenus virginianus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Trichechus orientalis Dybowski 1922 [synonym], Trichechus virginianus Dekay 1842 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hemicaulodon Cope 1869 [synonym], Odobenotherium Gratiolet 1858 [synonym], Rosmarus Brunnich 1772 [synonym], Trichechus Linnaeus 1766 [synonym], Trichechus obesus Gill 1866 [nomen nudum]
G. †Valenictus Mitchell 1961
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†Valenictus chulavistensis Deméré 1994
†Valenictus imperialensis Mitchell 1961
†Valenictus sheperdi Boessenecker et al. 2024
Invalid names: Odobenina McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty]
G. †Ontocetus Leidy 1859
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†Ontocetus emmonsi Leidy 1859
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Invalid names: Alachtherium africanum Geraads 1997 [synonym], Alachtherium antverpiensis Rutten 1907 [synonym], Alachtherium cretsii Du Bus 1867 [synonym], Prorosmarus alleni Berry and Gregory 1906 [synonym], Trichecodon huxleyi Lankester 1865 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alachtherium Du Bus 1867 [synonym], Prorosmarus Berry and Gregory 1906 [synonym], Trichecodon Lankester 1865 [synonym], Trichecodon koninckii Van Beneden 1871 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pontolis True 1905
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†Pontolis barroni Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis kohnoi Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis magnus True 1907
Invalid names: Pontoleon True 1907 [synonym]
G. †Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa 1984
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†Prototaria planicephala Kohno 1994
†Prototaria primigena Takeyama and Ozawa 1984
Invalid names: Rosmaridae Gill 1866 [synonym]
Fm. Otariidae Gray 1825 [eared seal]
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G. Arctocephalus Cuvier 1826 [fur seal]
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Subg. Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) Trouessart 1898
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Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) argentata Philippi 1892
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) brachydactyla Philippi 1892
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) gracilis Nehring 1887
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) leucostoma Philippi 1892
Subg. Arctocephalus (Callotaria) Palmer 1892
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Arctocephalus (Callotaria) alaskanus Jordan and Clark 1899
Arctocephalus (Callotaria) kurilensis Jordan and Clark 1899
Arctocephalus australis Zimmerman 1783 [South American fur seal]
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Invalid names: Arctophoca tropicalis Gray 1872 [synonym]
Arctocephalus californianus Gray 1866
Arctocephalus doriferus Wood Jones 1925
Arctocephalus elegans Peters 1875
Arctocephalus falklandicus Shaw 1800
†Arctocephalus fischeri Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Arctocephalus forsteri Wood Jones 1922
Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson 1828
Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller 1904
Arctocephalus gazella Peters 1875
Arctocephalus nigriscens Gray 1859
Arctocephalus nivosus Gray 1868
Arctocephalus philippii Peters 1866
Arctocephalus philippii Peters 1866
Arctocephalus pusillus Schreber 1778 [brown fur seal]
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Invalid names: Arctocephalus antarcticus Thunberg 1811 [synonym]
Arctocephalus tasmanica Scott and Lord 1926
Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam 1897 [Guadalupe fur seal]
Arctocephalus tropicalis Gray 1872
Invalid names: Arctophoca Peters 1866 [synonym], Halarctos Gill 1866 [synonym]
G. Callorhinus Gray 1859 [fur seal]
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†Callorhinus gilmorei Berta and Deméré 1986
Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus 1758 [northern fur seal]
Invalid names: Callorhynchus Greve 1896 [synonym]
G. †Eotaria Boessenecker and Churchill 2015
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†Eotaria citrica Velez-Juarbe 2017
†Eotaria crypta Boessenecker and Churchill 2015
G. Eumetopias Gill 1866 [Steller sea lion]
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Subg. Eumetopias (Eumetopias) Trouessart 1898
Eumetopias jubatus Schreber 1776 [Steller sea lion]
†Eumetopias kishidai Shikama 1953
†Eumetopias oijyaensis Horikawa 1981
Eumetopias stelleri Fischer 1829
G. Neophoca Gray 1866 [Australian sea lion]
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Neophoca cinerea Peron 1816 [Australian sea lion]
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Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) australis gracilis Nehring 1887
Invalid names: Arctocephalus lobatus Gray 1828 [synonym], Arctocephalus williamsi McCoy 1877 [synonym], Otaria albicollis Péron 1816 [synonym], Otaria australis Quoy and Gaimard 1830 [synonym]
†Neophoca palatina King 1983
G. Otaria Peron 1816 [sea lion]
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†Otaria fischeri Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Otoes Fischer 1817 [synonym], Phoca flavescens Shaw 1800 [nomen nudum], Platyrhynchus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Pontoleo Gloger 1841 [synonym]
G. Phocarctos Gray 1844 [New Zealand sea lion]
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Phocarctos hookeri Gray 1844 [New Zealand sea lion]
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Invalid names: Arctocephalus caninus Berry 1928 [synonym]
G. †Thalassoleon Repenning and Tedford 1977
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†Thalassoleon inouei Kohno 1992
†Thalassoleon macnallyae Repenning and Tedford 1977
†Thalassoleon mexicanus Repenning and Tedford 1977
G. Zalophus Gill 1866 [California sea lion]
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Zalophus californianus Lesson 1828 [California sea lion]
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Invalid names: Arctocephalus gilliespii Macbain 1858 [synonym], Arctocephalus monteriensis Gray 1866 [synonym]
Zalophus japonicus Peters 1866
Zalophus wollebaeki Silversten 1954 [Galapagos sea lion]
Invalid names: Zalophus kimitsensis Matsumoto 1939 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Arctocephalinae Scheffer and Rice 1963 [empty], Callorhinae Muizon 1978 [invalid subgroup], Callorhinina Gray 1871 [invalid subgroup], Eumetopiina Gray 1871 [empty], Otaria oudriana Delfortrie 1872 [nomen dubium], Zalophina Gray 1871 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Carreño and Cronin 1993, Gingerich 2003, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Chattian to the top of the Holocene or 28.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Collections (623 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Chattian | USA (California) | Otariidae indet. (58148) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | Chile | Otaria jubata (221010) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | Netherlands | Alachtherium sp., Trichechus huxleyi (53929) | |
Neogene | USA (California) | Otariidae indet. (117453) | |
Neogene | USA (Florida) | Ontocetus emmonsi (77598 77599) | |
Neogene | USA (Georgia) | Ontocetus emmonsi (77597) | |
Burdigalian | Japan (Shimane) | Neotherium mirum (227079) | |
Burdigalian | USA (Oregon) | Proneotherium repenningi (18929) | |
Burdigalian | France | Otaria oudriana (52061) | |
Burdigalian | Japan (Mie) | Odobenidae indet. (227075) | |
Burdigalian | Germany | Trichechus molassicus (47425) | |
Burdigalian | Japan (Aichi) | Imagotariinae indet. (102976) | |
Burdigalian | Japan (Gifu) | Odobenidae indet. (227082) | |
Burdigalian - Langhian | USA (California) | Pelagiarctos sp., Eotaria crypta (138432) | |
Langhian | USA (California) | Neotherium mirum (13297) Otariidae indet. (13192) Otariidae indet., Eotaria citrica, Neotherium sp. (19595) Pelagiarctos thomasi (59060) Pelagiarctos thomasi, Neotherium mirum, Odobenidae indet. (59059) | |
Langhian | Mexico (Baja California) | Neotherium sp., Otariidae indet. (52183) | |
Langhian | Japan (Saitama) | Imagotariinae indet. (101096) | |
Langhian | Japan (Fukui) | Prototaria primigena (59152 59166) | |
Langhian | Japan (Miyagi) | Prototaria planicephala (59153) | |
Langhian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Odobenidae indet. (55652) |