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Neotoma (pack rat)
Taxonomy
Neotoma was named by Say and Ord (1825). It is extant. Its type is Mus floridanus. It is the type genus of Neotominae.
It was assigned to Lemnina by Gray (1825); to Neotominae by Hay (1902); to Muridae by Schultz and Howard (1935); to Cricetinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Neotomini by Baskin (1978) and Carranza-Castañeda and Walton (1992); and to Cricetidae by Say and Ord (1825) and McKenna and Bell (1997).
It was assigned to Lemnina by Gray (1825); to Neotominae by Hay (1902); to Muridae by Schultz and Howard (1935); to Cricetinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Neotomini by Baskin (1978) and Carranza-Castañeda and Walton (1992); and to Cricetidae by Say and Ord (1825) and McKenna and Bell (1997).
Species
N. (Paraneotoma), N. albigula (syn. N. cumulator, N. latifrons, N. venusta, N. montezumae), N. amplidonta, N. cinerea (syn. Teonoma spelaea), N. findleyi, N. floridana (syn. N. campestris, N. attwateri, N. baileyi, N. magister, N. pennsylvanica), N. fossilis, N. fuscipes, N. lepida, N. leucodon, N. leucopetrica, N. mexicana, N. micropus, N. minutus, N. ozarkensis, N. prefuscipes, N. prelepida, N. pygmaea, N. quadriplicata, N. spelaea, N. stephensi, N. taylori, N. vaughani
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Neotoma Gray p. 342 |
| 1825 | Neotoma Say and Ord |
| 1902 | Neotoma Hay p. 727 |
| 1933 | Parahodomys Gidley and Gazin |
| 1935 | Neotoma Schultz and Howard p. 281 |
| 1978 | Neotoma Baskin p. 131 |
| 1980 | Neotoma Kurten and Anderson p. 251 |
| 1992 | Neotoma Carranza-Castañeda and Walton p. 87 |
| 1997 | Neotoma McKenna and Bell |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Neotoma Say and Ord 1825 [pack rat]
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Neotoma albigula Hartley 1894 [white-throated woodrat]
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Invalid names: Neotoma cumulator Mearns 1897 [synonym], Neotoma latifrons Merriam 1894 [synonym], Neotoma montezumae Goldman 1905 [synonym], Neotoma venusta True 1894 [synonym]
†Neotoma amplidonta Zakrzewski 1985
Neotoma cinerea Ord 1815 [bushy-tailed woodrat]
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Invalid names: Teonoma spelaea Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
†Neotoma findleyi Harris 1984
Neotoma floridana Ord 1818 [eastern woodrat]
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Invalid names: Neotoma attwateri Mearns 1897 [synonym], Neotoma baileyi Merriam 1894 [synonym], Neotoma campestris Allen 1894 [synonym], Neotoma magister Baird 1858 [synonym], Neotoma pennsylvanica Stone 1893 [synonym]
†Neotoma fossilis Gidley 1922
Neotoma fuscipes Baird 1858 [dusky-footed woodrat]
Neotoma lepida Thomas 1893 [desert woodrat]
Neotoma leucodon Merriam 1894
†Neotoma leucopetrica Zakrzewski 1991
Neotoma mexicana Baird 1855 [Mexican woodrat]
Neotoma micropus Baird 1855 [southern plains woodrat]
†Neotoma minutus Dalquest 1983
†Neotoma ozarkensis Brown 1908
†Neotoma prefuscipes Reynolds and Reeder 1991
†Neotoma prelepida Reynolds and Reeder 1991
†Neotoma pygmaea Harris 1984
†Neotoma quadriplicata Hibbard 1941
†Neotoma spelaea Gidley and Gazin 1933
Neotoma stephensi Goldman 1905
†Neotoma taylori Hibbard 1967
†Neotoma vaughani Czaplewski 1990
Invalid names: Parahodomys Gidley and Gazin 1933 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Samuels and Van Valkenburgh 2008 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 4.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 4.9 Ma
Collections (288 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | Paraneotoma sp. (19309) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Neotoma minutus (18097) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Neotoma sawrockensis (18126 18247 18359) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Neotoma sawrockensis, Neotoma sp. (18738) | |
| Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Nevada) | Paraneotoma sp. (19966) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Neotoma sp. (19673) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Paraneotoma quadriplicatus (19982) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Neotoma sp. (19955 19963) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Neotoma quadriplicata (19822 19852 19858 19863 19906) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nevada) | Neotoma sp. (19965) Neotoma vaughani (20017) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | Neotoma quadriplicata (20030) Neotoma quadriplicata, Neotoma sawrockensis (20060) | |
| Blancan | USA (Washington) | Neotoma quadriplicata (20063) Paraneotoma fossilis (20062) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Sonora) | Neotoma sp. (20322) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | Neotoma fossilis (19705 19736 19737 19738 19739 19740 28237) Neotoma sawrockensis (19718 19719 19720) Neotoma sp. (19709 19714 19716 19723 19735 20540) Neotoma taylori, Neotoma quadriplicata (19715) Paraneotoma fossilis (19721 19725 19726) Paraneotoma sp. (19708) | |
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | Neotoma fossilis (19624 19628 19654) Neotoma quadriplicata (19653) Neotoma sp. (19618 19620 19621 19625 19627 19629 19632 19638 19650 19657) Neotoma taylori (19658 19659 19660) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Neotoma quadriplicata (19936) Neotoma sawrockensis (19922) Neotoma taylori (19941 19942 19943 19944 19945 19947) Parahodomys quadriplicatus (19931 19932 19935) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Neotoma sp. (19703) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Neotoma sp. (20384) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Kansas) | Neotoma taylori (19927) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Neotoma sp. (19750) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Neotoma sp. (20285) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Neotoma magister (126660) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Neotoma pennsylvanica (74240) Neotoma sp., Neotoma floridana (74246) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Neotoma sp. (183463) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (125941) Neotoma magister, Neotoma spelaea (123875) Neotoma magister, Parahodomys sp. (124319) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Nuevo León) | Neotoma sp. (227229) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Neotoma sp. (71305) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Santiago chazumba) | Neotoma mexicana (190089) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Texas) | Neotoma albigula (93258) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (West Virginia) | Neotoma magister (79660) | |
| Quaternary | Mexico (Santiago Chazumba) | Neotoma mexicana (190088) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma pinckneyi, Neotoma floridana (104698) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Neotoma floridana (20390 20423) Neotoma micropus (20295) Neotoma sp. (20332 20391) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma sp., Neotoma floridana (20388) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Neotoma prealbigula (20172) Neotoma prefuscipes (20153 20387 20442) Neotoma prelepida (20528) Neotoma sp. (20173 20177 20178 20181 20186 20187 20190 20191 20205 20206 20207 20211 20214 20215 20216 20218 20221 20230 20232 20233 20234 20246 20247 20248 20319 20327 20425 20454 20460 20472 26548) Neotoma sp., Neotoma sp. (20184) Paraneotoma sp. (28221 28223) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Colorado) | Neotoma sp., Neotoma cinerea (20349 20477 20559) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (South Dakota) | Neotoma amplidonta (20389) Neotoma sp. (20503) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | Neotoma sp., Neotoma magister, Parahodomys spelaeus, Parahodomys spelaea (20302) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (West Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (20554) Neotoma sp., Neotoma magister, Neotoma spelaea (20555) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Utah) | Neotoma sp. (20405) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nebraska) | Neotoma sp. (20138 20143 20500) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Neotoma cinerea (20505) Neotoma sp. (20506 20507 20514) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | Neotoma albigula (20530) Neotoma micropus (20318) Neotoma sp. (20163 20164) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma mexicana (20447) Neotoma cinerea (19617) Neotoma mexicana (20446) Neotoma sp. (20341) Neotoma sp., Neotoma albigula, Neotoma mexicana (20444) Neotoma sp., Neotoma mexicana (20445) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Alabama) | Neotoma sp. (20282) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arkansas) | Neotoma ozarkensis (20290) | |
| Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (Kansas) | Neotoma sp. (20492) | |
| Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Neotoma lepida (20323) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Neotoma fuscipes (20639) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (104662) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Colorado) | Neotoma ozarkensis (20359) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Nevada) | Neotoma sp. (223356) | |
| Rancholabrean (glacial) | USA (California) | Neotoma sp. (20624) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Neotoma sp. (200313 225558) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Neotoma floridana (20440 20491 195112) | |
| Rancholabrean | Mexico (Puebla) | Neotoma mexicana (230717) | |
| Rancholabrean | Mexico (Sonora) | Neotoma sp. (20495) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Neotoma fuscipes, Teonoma spelaea (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Tamaulipas) | Neotoma micropus (71264) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Kansas) | Neotoma sp. (20605) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Neotoma floridana (20608) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (123868 124198 124199 124950) Neotoma magister (93332) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | Neotoma sp. (20622 20642 20644) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Missouri) | Neotoma pennsylvanica (93379) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Wyoming) | Neotoma sp. (93181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Puebla) | Neotoma mexicana (71306 71308) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Neotoma cinerea (93528) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Neotoma floridana (34269 74292 154805) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Neotoma floridana (20604) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Texas) | Neotoma sp. (79582 93143 93259) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Indiana) | Neotoma floridana (20600) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Neotoma floridana (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Alabama) | Neotoma floridana (84195) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (82258 103991) Neotoma magister (104758 124089) Neotoma sp. (104679 104685 104686 104712) Neotoma sp., Neotoma floridana (104697) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Neotoma floridana (20571 20572 20573 20595 20650 20653) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Oklahoma) | Neotoma sp. (93178) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Neotoma floridana (13066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Arizona) | Neotoma sp. (20619) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma mexicana, Neotoma micropus (74473) Neotoma sp. (79683 93527) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma cinerea (93141) Neotoma cinerea, Neotoma lepida, Neotoma mexicana (93281) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Nuevo Leon) | Neotoma albigula (71345) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | Neotoma floridana (93103) Neotoma sp. (74470) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Neotoma fuscipes (155409) Neotoma sp. (106400 219438 225801) Neotoma sp., Neotoma fuscipes (93250) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma cinerea, Neotoma findleyi, Neotoma mexicana, Neotoma stephensi (76060) Neotoma albigula, Neotoma findleyi, Neotoma micropus, Neotoma pygmaea (76059) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Colorado) | Neotoma sp., Neotoma cinerea (74953 74954) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Mexico (Sonora) | Neotoma sp. (20633) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Texas) | Neotoma sp. (20586) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (New Mexico) | Neotoma sp. (93378) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | Neotoma cinerea, Neotoma lepida (93326) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial) | USA (Arizona) | Neotoma albigula (93374) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma cinerea, Neotoma floridana, Neotoma lepida, Neotoma micropus (71263) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Missouri) | Neotoma sp. (63563 63564 63568 63569 63570 63571) Neotoma sp., Neotoma floridana (63565 63566 63567) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma floridana (104034 104672 104689 104703) Neotoma sp., Neotoma floridana (104035) | |
| Holocene | USA (Tennessee) | Neotoma floridana (124320 124321 124322) | |
| Holocene | USA (Arizona) | Neotoma sp. (63708 63709 63710 63711 63712 63713 63715 63716 63718 63719 63720 63721 63722 63723 63724 63725) Neotoma spp. (233123) | |
| Holocene | USA (New Mexico) | Neotoma sp. (93375) | |
| Holocene | USA (Montana) | Neotoma cinerea (162133) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Neotoma sp. (104033 104700) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Neotoma sp. (195062 195069) | |
| Holocene | USA (Texas) | Neotoma albigula, Neotoma micropus (74474) Neotoma sp. (79583) |