PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Protacaremys

Mammalia - Rodentia

Taxonomy

Protacaremys was named by Ameghino (1902).

It was assigned to Acaremyinae by Ameghino (1902); to Heteropsomyinae by Patterson and Pascual (1968); to Erethizontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Echimyidae by Wood and Patterson (1959), Carvalho and Salles (2004) and Vucetich et al. (2010); and to Octodontoidea by Arnal and Vucetich (2015) and Vucetich et al. (2015).

Species

P. adilos, P. amplus, P. avunculus, P. denisae, P. prior (syn. Archaeocardia mustersiana, Palaeocardia mater)

Synonyms

Archaeocardia was named by Cossman (1902).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacaremys by Wood and Patterson (1959).

It was assigned to Eocardinae by Ameghino (1904).
Palaeocardia was named by Ameghino (1902).

It was replaced with Archaeocardia by Cossmann (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Protacaremys by Wood and Patterson (1959).

It was assigned to Eocardidae by Ameghino (1902).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1902	Protacaremys Ameghino p. 112
1902	Palaeocardia Ameghino p. 118
1902	Archaeocardia Cossman
1904	Archaeocardia Ameghino p. 106
1959	Protacaremys Wood and Patterson
1968	Protacaremys Patterson and Pascual
1997	Protacaremys McKenna and Bell
2004	Protacaremys Carvalho and Salles
2010	Protacaremys Vucetich et al.
2015	Protacaremys Arnal and Vucetich
2015	Protacaremys Vucetich et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Gliriformes	Wyss and Meng 1996
—	Glires	()
—	Simplicidentata	()
order	Rodentia	Bowdich 1821
—	Ctenohystrica	Huchon et al. 2000
infraorder	Hystricognathi	(Tullberg 1899)
—	Caviomorpha	(Wood and Patterson 1955)
superfamily	Octodontoidea	Waterhouse 1839
genus	Protacaremys

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protacaremys Ameghino 1902

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†Protacaremys adilos Vucetich et al. 2015

†Protacaremys amplus Ameghino 1904

†Protacaremys avunculus Ameghino 1902

†Protacaremys denisae Vucetich et al. 1993

†Protacaremys prior Ameghino 1902

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Invalid names: Archaeocardia mustersiana Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Palaeocardia mater Ameghino 1902 [synonym]

Invalid names: Archaeocardia Cossman 1902 [synonym], Palaeocardia Ameghino 1902 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
M. Vucetich et al. 2015	Smaller octodontoid than Pros- paniomys Ameghino, 1902. Tetralophodont molars, except m3 which can be trilophodont; slightly oblique crests. Cheek teeth lower crowned than Acarechimys and Sciamys, and higher crowned than Prospaniomys Ame- ghino, 1902. Only the parafossette of upper molariforms close in juveniles, unlike Acarechimys and Prospaniomys. Lower premolars with well-developed metalophulid II, unlike Prospaniomys. Similar size of m3 and m2. Mandible with a shallow masseteric fossa whose anterior limit lies below m1 (Arnal 2012).

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
P4 height	2	1.69	1.50	1.90	1.70	0.283
M1 height	3	1.36	0.800	1.85	1.70	0.568
M2 height	2	0.825	0.800	0.850	0.825	0.035
p4 height	1	1.20	-	-	-	-
m1 height	2	0.687	0.450	1.05	0.750	0.424
m2 height	2	0.671	0.500	0.900	0.700	0.283
m3 height	1	0.750	-	-	-	-

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 14:04:46

Modified:

2005-08-26 16:04:46

Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Deseadan to the top of the Colloncuran or 29.00000 to 13.80000 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Deseadan	29.0 - 21.0	Argentina (Chubut)	P. adilos (14211)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Chubut)	P. prior (145897) P. sp., P. prior, P. avunculus (141368)
Santacrucian - Friasian	17.5 - 15.5	Chile (Bío Bío)	P. sp. (140107)
Friasian	16.3 - 15.5	Chile (Aisén)	P. sp. (139845)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	Argentina (Chubut)	P. denisae (215594 215595)
Colloncuran	15.5 - 13.8	Argentina (Neuquén)	P. denisae (141175)