PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hyopsodus

Mammalia - Condylarthra - Hyopsodontidae

Taxonomy

Hyopsodus was named by Leidy (1870). It is not extant. Its type is Hyopsodus paulus. It is the type genus of Hyopsodontidae, Hyopsodontoidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Microchoerus by Lydekker (1885).

It was assigned to Omnivora by Leidy (1873); to Limnotheriidae by Hay (1902); to Hyopsodontinae by Zack et al. (2005); and to Hyopsodontidae by Leidy (1870), Osborn (1902), Hay (1930), Stock (1934), Gazin (1968), Carroll (1988), Archibald (1998), Thewissen et al. (2001), Williamson and Weil (2011), Rose et al. (2012), Halliday et al. (2017) and Dawson and Constenius (2018).

Synonyms

Lemuravus was named by Marsh (1875).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyopsodus by Osborn (1902), Loomis (1905), Matthew (1909), Hay (1930), Gazin (1968) and West (1979).

It was assigned to Limnotheriidae by Hay (1902).
Stenacodon was named by Marsh (1872).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyopsodus by Gazin (1968) and West (1979).

It was assigned to Limnotheriidae by Hay (1902).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1870	Hyopsodus Leidy
1872	Stenacodon Marsh
1873	Hyopsodus Leidy p. 320
1875	Lemuravus Marsh
1902	Lemuravus Hay p. 789
1902	Hyopsodus Hay p. 790
1902	Stenacodon Hay p. 794
1902	Hyopsodus Osborn p. 180
1930	Hyopsodus Hay p. 443
1934	Hyopsodus Stock p. 352
1968	Hyopsodus Gazin
1988	Hyopsodus Carroll
1998	Hyopsodus Archibald p. 307
2001	Hyopsodus Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2005	Hyopsodus Zack et al.
2011	Hyopsodus Williamson and Weil
2012	Hyopsodus Rose et al.
2017	Hyopsodus Halliday et al. p. 525
2018	Hyopsodus Dawson and Constenius p. 49

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Epitheria
order	Condylarthra	Cope 1881
family	Hyopsodontidae	Trouessart 1879
genus	Hyopsodus	Leidy 1870

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hyopsodus Leidy 1870

show all | hide all

†Hyopsodus despiciens Matthew 1909

†Hyopsodus fangxianensis Huang 1995

†Hyopsodus fastigatus Russell and Wickenden 1933

†Hyopsodus huashigouensis Tong 1989

†Hyopsodus itinerans Godinot 1978

†Hyopsodus latidens Denison 1937

†Hyopsodus lepidus Matthew 1909

†Hyopsodus loomisi McKenna 1960

†Hyopsodus lysitensis Gingerich 1974

†Hyopsodus markmani Abel and Cook 1925

†Hyopsodus marshi Osborn 1902

†Hyopsodus mentalis Cope 1875

Invalid names: Hyopsodus lemoinianus Cope 1882 [synonym]

†Hyopsodus minor Loomis 1905

†Hyopsodus minusculus Leidy 1873

†Hyopsodus miticulus Cope 1874

†Hyopsodus paulus Leidy 1870

Invalid names: Hyopsodus distans Marsh 1875 [synonym], Hyopsodus vicarius Cope 1873 [synonym], Stenacodon rarus Marsh 1872 [synonym]

†Hyopsodus pauxillus Gingerich 1994

†Hyopsodus powellianus Cope 1884

Invalid names: Hyopsodus browni Loomis 1905 [synonym], Hyopsodus jacksoni Loomis 1905 [synonym], Hyopsodus lawsoni Loomis 1905 [synonym]

†Hyopsodus pygmaeus Cope 1872

†Hyopsodus sholemi Krishtalka 1979

†Hyopsodus simplex Loomis 1905

†Hyopsodus tonksi Eaton 1982

†Hyopsodus uintensis Osborn 1902

†Hyopsodus walcottianus Matthew 1915

†Hyopsodus wardi Hooker 1979

†Hyopsodus wortmani Osborn 1902

Invalid names: Lemuravus Marsh 1875 [synonym], Stenacodon Marsh 1872 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialsubc

Diet:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 13:57:38

Modified:

2005-08-31 15:57:38

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Archibald 1998, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Middle Eocene or 55.80000 to 37.71000 Ma

Collections (783 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	H. sp. (15114 15165)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Oise)	H. sp. (68174)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom	H. wardi (87950)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	H. wardi (38868 133368)
Graybullian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. loomisi (15875) H. miticulus, H. simplex (15701)
Lostcabinian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. miticulus (15997 15999 16003) H. paulus (15901 15903) H. paulus, H. wortmani (16073) H. sp., H. paulus (16078) H. sp., H. walcottianus, H. wortmani (15915) H. walcottianus, H. wortmani (15917 15930) H. wortmani (15950)
Lysitean	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. wortmani (15880 15881)
Lysitean	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Colorado)	H. wortmani (15654)
Lysitean - Lostcabinian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. miticulus (15451)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. aemulor, H. loomisi (46800) H. browni (15661) H. latidens (15573 15577 15682 15695 15696 15697 15698 15699 15702 15704 15805 46717 46720 46730 46731 46732 46733 46737 46738 46743 46749 46753 46756 46757 46759 46760 46761 46832 46834 46842 46843 46845) H. latidens, H. pauxillus (15705 46739 46758) H. latidens/miticulus, H. loomisi/minor (15551) H. latidens/miticulus, H. loomisi/minor, H. powellianus (15554) H. loomisi (15586 15587 15588 15589 15590 15592 15683 15717 15727 15759 15760 15761 15771 15779 15793 15817 15830 46636 46639 46641 46642 46643 46645 46648 46650 46656 46657 46659 46664 46667 46668 46669 46673 46675 46684 46685 46686 46687 46688 46689 46690 46693 46694 46697 46698 46721 46722 46724 46726 46727 46768 46771 46772 46773 46774 46775 46776 46777 46780 46781 46782 46784 46785 46786 46788 46789 46790 46791 46792 46793 46794 46795 46796 46797 46798 46801 46803 46804 46805 46806 46807 46808 46809 46813 46814 46816 46817 46818 46819 46821 46822 46823 46824 46830 46831 46835 46836 46838 46839 46840 46844 46852) H. loomisi, H. latidens (15933) H. loomisi, H. minor, H. simplex (15626) H. loomisi, H. miticulus (15455) H. loomisi, H. pauxillus (46644 46672 46680) H. loomisi, H. powellianus, H. latidens (15934) H. loomisi, H. simplex (15482 15624 15625 15627 15628 15629 15630 15631 15632 15633 15634 15635 15636 15637 15638 15639 15640 15641 15790) H. lysitensis (46695 46705 46709 46715 46764 46810 46811 46848) H. lysitensis, H. mentalis (15925) H. lysitensis, H. mentalis, H. minor (15924) H. lysitensis, H. minor (46699 46700 46701 46702 46703 46706 46710 46711 46763 46826 46849 46851) H. lysitensis, H. minor, H. powellianus (15927 15928 15939 15965 15966 15967 15971 15973 15974 15977 15978 15984 15986 15987 15988 46692) H. lysitensis, H. powellianus (15919 15920 15921 15938 15940 15941 15968 15969 15970 15972 15975 15976 15979 15980 15981 15982 15983 15985 46712 46714) H. mentalis (16010 16011 16012 16013) H. mentalis, H. powellianus (15894) H. mentalis, H. walcottianus, H. wortmani (15710) H. mentalis, H. wortmani (15662 16074) H. minor (46847 186932 186933 186934 186935 186937 186938 186944 186945 186946 186949 186950 186951 186952) H. minor, H. miticulus (15552 15575 15576 15578 15689 46825) H. minor, H. powellianus (186943) H. minor, H. powellianus, H. wortmani (15964) H. minusculus, H. paulus (15942) H. miticulus (15456 15457 15467 15468 15469 15474 15477 15478 15688 15721 15852 15889 15912 15932 15994 16019 16020 16021 16024 16027 16028 16029 16032 16055) H. miticulus, H. browni (15597) H. miticulus, H. simplex (15692) H. paulus (15673 118482) H. pauxillus (46815) H. pauxillus, H. powellianus, H. simplex (15707) H. powellianus (15905 46713 186931) H. simplex (15687 15694 15706 46682 46683 46696 46704 46707 46719 46729 46734 46735 46736 46740 46741 46745 46746 46747 46748 46750 46751 46752 46754 46755 46765 46766 46767 46820 46829) H. sp. (15458 15491 15493 15495 15503 15504 15505 15507 15509 15510 15511 15512 15513 15514 15515 15516 15517 15518 15519 15520 15522 15523 15524 15531 15532 15533 15534 15536 15540 15541 15542 15543 15544 15545 15547 15548 15549 15550 15553 15567 15568 15579 15658 15722 15723 15729 15731 15754 15756 15788 15841 15843 15846 15884 15891 15892 15893 15902 15923 15935 15936 15937 15943 16006 16007 16039 16040 16041 16049 16050 16051 16062 27268 46691 192045 192046) H. sp., H. lysitensis, H. powellianus (15559) H. sp., H. mentalis (15996 16014) H. sp., H. mentalis, H. minor (16009) H. sp., H. pauxillus (15538) H. sp., H. powellianus (15555 15556 15557 15558 15560 15563 15564 15565 15566) H. walcottianus (15922) H. walcottianus, H. wortmani (15946 15948 15955 15989) H. walcottianus, H. wortmani, H. miticulus (15486) H. wortmani (15454 15665 15724 15904 15908 15910 15913 15929 15947 15949 15951 15952 15953 15954 15956 15962 15990 15991 15992 15993 15995 16054 16056 16065 16066 16067 16077) H. wortmani, H. browni (15479) H. wortmani, H. miticulus (15714 15839 15842)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	Mexico (Baja California)	H. sp. (15671)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Colorado)	H. latidens (15278 15279 15350 15353 15356 15360 15361 15363 15365 15367 15370 15371 15372 15374 15383) H. latidens, H. wortmani (15377) H. loomisi (15865) H. loomisi, H. miticulus (15450 15480 15485 15660 15725 15845) H. loomisi, H. simplex (15887) H. miticulus (15284 15287 15290 15295 15306 15385 15389 15393 15859) H. powellianus (15289 15311 15318 15319 15326 15327 15329 15331 15333 15338 15341 15391 15398 15408 15409 15410 15412 15420 15422) H. powellianus, H. miticulus (15302 15310 15325 15388) H. powellianus, H. wortmani (15225 15334 15414) H. sp. (15266 15855 15861 15863 15864 15866 15868 15870) H. sp., H. latidens (15222 15264 15267 15273 15277 15357) H. walcottianus (15649) H. walcottianus, H. wortmani (15650) H. wortmani (15224 15226 15227 15280 15293 15294 15296 15314 15316 15321 15322 15336 15390 15394 15413 15652 15882)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (New Mexico)	Esthonyx miticulus (15430) H. lysitensis, H. mentalis (15432 15433 15434 15435 15436 15438) H. lysitensis, H. mentalis, H. minor (15437 15663) H. miticulus (15439 15441 15452 15607 15612) H. powellianus (15459) H. sp. (15446 15448)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Virginia)	H. sp. (15595)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Texas)	H. wortmani, H. miticulus (15847)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (California)	H. sp. (15676 15677)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (North Dakota)	H. loomisi, H. miticulus (15895)
Bumbanian	55.8 - 48.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	H. orientalis (133397)
Bumbanian	55.8 - 48.6	Mongolia (Southern Mongolia)	H. orientalis (37206)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	France (Var)	H. itinerans (35538)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	China (Hubei)	H. fangxianensis (175179)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	USA (Wyoming)	H. loomisi (15679 154251 154253 154254 154255 154257 154258 154262 154265 154270 154271 154276 154283 154286) H. lysitensis, H. minor (15684 15685) H. lysitensis, H. minor, H. powellianus (15680) H. minor, H. miticulus (15690 15691 15693) H. simplex (15700) H. sp. (15681)
Wasatchian - Bridgerian	55.8 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	H. sp. (16134 16249 16436) H. wortmani (15669)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	Japan	H. sp. nov. A (183077) H. sp. nov. B (183076)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Texas)	H. uintensis (16195)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Colorado)	H. paulus (16240 16241) H. sp. (16251) H. wortmani (16239 16242)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Nevada)	H. paulus (16218)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Utah)	H. minusculus, H. paulus (16396)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	H. browni (16198) H. despiciens (16236) H. lepidus (16169 16235 16244 16287 16418 16431 16432 16433) H. lepidus, H. paulus (16180) H. marshi (16448) H. minusculus (16079 16091 16095 16096 16097 16098 16099 16100 16101 16103 16105 16107 16108 16109 16111 16113 16114 16115 16116 16120 16129 16132 16221 16226 16227 16232 16255 16262 16276 16289 16309 16313 16315 16316 16320 16321 16325 16327 16330 16335 16343 16393 16441 16504) H. minusculus, H. paulus (16201 16219 16246 16254 16284 16295 16397 16408 16439 16451 16500) H. minusculus, H. paulus, H. walcottianus (16207) H. minusculus, H. wortmani (16415) H. paulus (16081 16137 16138 16142 16144 16145 16146 16147 16148 16149 16151 16162 16170 16183 16184 16185 16188 16189 16203 16205 16208 16216 16223 16225 16228 16243 16291 16402 16440 16443 16444 16445 16449 16484 16486 16488 16492 16494 16499 16506 16647) H. paulus, H. tonksi (16139) H. sp. (15837 16084 16209 16280 16296 16372 16438 16496 16502 27269 129895) H. sp., H. paulus (16388) H. sp., H. sp. (16204) H. tonksi (16224 16437) H. wortmani (16247 16248)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Xinjiang)	H. huashigouensis (176332)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Colorado)	H. despiciens (16623)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Wyoming)	H. lepidus (93087)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	H. paulus (16586) H. paulus, H. uintensis (16651)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	H. paulus, H. uintensis (16614) H. uintensis (16542)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	Canada (Saskatchewan)	H. fastigatus (16626)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Utah)	H. uintensis (16589 16654)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Wyoming)	H. paulus (16563 16576 16577) H. sp. (16521 16641 16648 202166) H. uintensis (16513 16514 16515 16516 16517 16518 16630 16642 16643 16645)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	H. paulus (16587 16588) H. uintensis (16624)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (222922)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (16854)