PBDB Taxon

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Anthracotherium

Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae

Taxonomy

Anthracotherium was named by Cuvier (1822). It is not extant. Its type is Anthracotherium magnum. It is the type genus of Anthracotherioidea.

It was assigned to Rhinocerina by Gray (1825); to Artiodactyla by Owen (1848); to Anthracotheriidae by Lambe (1908), Scott (1913), Carroll (1988), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Tsubamoto et al. (2002); to Hippopotamoidea by Orliac et al. (2010); and to Anthracotheriinae by Hay (1902), Boisserie et al. (2005), Boisserie et al. (2010) and Scherler et al. (2019).

Species

A. alsaticum, A. bellia (syn. Heothema nanningensis, Heothema media), A. bugtiense, A. chaimanei, A. changlingensis, A. chengbiensis (syn. Heothema angnsticalxia, Heothema youngi), A. crassum (syn. Anthracokeryx moriturus, Anthracohyus choeroides), A. cuvieri, A. gungkangensis (syn. Anthracokeryx kwangsiensis), A. kwablianicum, A. magnum (type species), A. monsvialense, A. pangan (syn. Anthracothema palustre, Anthracohyus rubricae), A. pygmaeum, A. seckbachense, A. sinense, A. valdense, A. verhoeveni

Synonyms

Anthracotherium alsaticum was named by Cuvier (1822). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Scherler et al. (2019).
Anthracotherium valdense was named by Kowalevski (1876).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Scherler et al. (2019).
Anthracotherium pygmaeum was named by Lambe (1908). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen vanum by Macdonald (1956); it was considered a nomen dubium by Storer (1983).
Anthracohyus was named by Pilgrim and Cotter (1916). It is not extant. Its type is Anthracohyus choeroides.

It was synonymized subjectively with Anthracotherium by Tsubamoto et al. (2002).

It was assigned to Anthracotheriidae by Pilgrim and Cotter (1916) and McKenna and Bell (1997).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1822	Anthracotherium Cuvier
1822	Anthracotherium alsaticum Cuvier
1825	Anthracotherium Gray p. 342
1848	Anthracotherium Owen p. 139
1876	Anthracotherium valdense Kowalevski
1902	Anthracotherium Hay p. 651
1908	Anthracotherium Lambe
1908	Anthracotherium pygmaeum Lambe
1913	Anthracotherium Scott p. 361
1916	Anthracohyus Pilgrim and Cotter pp. 48-52
1988	Anthracotherium Carroll
1997	Anthracotherium McKenna and Bell p. 404
1997	Anthracohyus McKenna and Bell p. 405
2002	Anthracotherium Tsubamoto et al. p. 374
2005	Anthracotherium Boisserie et al.
2010	Anthracotherium Boisserie et al. p. 329
2010	Anthracotherium Orliac et al. p. 11872 figs. Fig. 2
2019	Anthracotherium Scherler et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Whippomorpha
superfamily	Hippopotamoidea	Gray 1821
family	Anthracotheriidae	Leidy 1869
subfamily	Anthracotheriinae	Leidy 1869
genus	Anthracotherium	Cuvier 1822

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Anthracotherium Cuvier 1822

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†Anthracotherium bellia Tang 1978

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Invalid names: Heothema media Tang 1978 [synonym], Heothema nanningensis Zhao 1981 [synonym]

†Anthracotherium bugtiense Pilgrim 1907

†Anthracotherium chaimanei Ducrocq 1999

†Anthracotherium changlingensis Zhao 1993

†Anthracotherium chengbiensis Tang 1978

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Invalid names: Heothema angnsticalxia Tang 1978 [synonym], Heothema youngi Zhao 1983 [synonym]

†Anthracotherium crassum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916

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Invalid names: Anthracohyus choeroides Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracokeryx moriturus Pilgrim 1928 [synonym]

†Anthracotherium cuvieri Gaudry 1873

†Anthracotherium gungkangensis Qiu 1977

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Invalid names: Anthracokeryx kwangsiensis Qiu 1977 [synonym]

†Anthracotherium kwablianicum Gabunia 1964

†Anthracotherium magnum Cuvier 1822

†Anthracotherium monsvialense de Zigno 1888

†Anthracotherium pangan Pilgrim and Cotter 1916

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Invalid names: Anthracohyus rubricae Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracothema palustre Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym]

†Anthracotherium seckbachense Kinkelin 1884

†Anthracotherium sinense Zdansky 1930

†Anthracotherium verhoeveni Von Koenigswald 1967

Invalid names: Anthracohyus Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracotherium alsaticum Cuvier 1822 [nomen dubium], Anthracotherium pygmaeum Lambe 1908 [nomen vanum], Anthracotherium valdense Kowalevski 1876 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 14:33:14

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:33:14

Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Kron and Manning 1998, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Langhian or 41.30000 to 13.82000 Ma

Collections (62 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Henan)	A. sp. (46193)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Myanmar	Anthracohyus choeroides (41175) Anthracohyus choeroides, Anthracohyus palustris, A. pangan, Anthracohyus rubricae, A. crassum (41207) Anthracokeryx moriturus (41110 41150 41286) Anthracothema pangan (41158 41264 41310) Anthracothema pangan, Anthracothema rubricae (41180 41307) Anthracothema rubricae (41285 41318) A. pangan (41456) A. pangan, A. crassum (41331)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	A. pygmaeum (16919)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Thailand	Anthracohyus sp. (49083) A. chaimanei (13127 49078)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	China (Guangxi)	Heothema angnsticalxia (182553) Heothema bellia (176326) Heothema chengbiensis (176322 182551) Heothema media (182552)
MP 17A - MP 17B	37.2 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	Anthracotherium indet. (28747)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Italy (Liguria)	A. magnum (189032)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	China (Guangxi)	Heothema nanningensis (194579) Heothema youngi (176382)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Pakistan	A. adiposum, A. bugtiense (77785)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Italy (Vicenza)	A. monsvialense (84793)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France	A. magnum (69805)
MP 21	33.9 - 28.4	Czech Republic	A. monsvialense (91467)
MP 22	33.9 - 28.4	Germany	A. sp. (46097)
MP 22	33.9 - 28.4	France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine )	A. monsvialense (183511)
MP 23	33.9 - 28.4	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d?Azur)	A. sp. (73965)
MP 23	33.9 - 28.4	France (Quercy)	A. monsvialense (36709 179147)
MP 24	33.9 - 28.4	France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées)	A. sp. (182658)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Italy (Veneto)	A. magnum (91656)
MP 24 - MP 25	33.9 - 23.03	France	A. monsvialense (197240)
MP 25	33.9 - 23.03	France (Alpes-de-Haute Provence)	A. magnum (183364)
MP 25	33.9 - 23.03	France	A. magnum (184215)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Italy (Cuneo)	A. magnum (193759)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Italy	A. monsvialense (197241)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Pakistan (Baluchistan)	A. bugtiense (78362)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate)	A. sp. (176871)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Georgia	A. kwablianicum (182744)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Italy (Vicenza)	A. monsvialense (144545)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	China (Guangxi)	Anthracokeryx kwangsiensis (176383) A. changlingensis (175402)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Germany (Hesse)	A. sp. (176870)
MP 29	28.4 - 23.03	France	A. magnum (197238)
MP 29	28.4 - 23.03	France (Aquitaine)	A. magnum (37208)
MP 29	28.4 - 23.03	Switzerland	A. magnum (197239)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene	28.4 - 15.97	Kazakhstan	A. sp. (74901)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Switzerland (Canton Solothurn)	A. magnum (182805)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Switzerland (Vaud)	A. magnum (178501)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Switzerland	A. monsvialense (65089)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Pakistan (Sind)	A. punjabiense (71443 71444 71445)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	A. punjabiense (11797)