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Hippopotamidae (hippopotamus)
Taxonomy
Hippopotamidae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.
It was assigned to Tesserachenae by Gray (1821); to Belluae by Bonaparte (1850); to Suina by Flower (1883); to Artiodactyla by Cope (1889); to Suina by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Nonruminantia by Gregory (1910); to Suiformes by Jaekel (1911); to Ancodonta by Montgelard et al. (1997); to Suoidea by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Cetruminantia by Ursing et al. (2000); to Anthracotheriodea by Boisserie et al. (2005); to Artiodactyla by Coryndon (1977), Gaziry (1987), Stuenes (1989), Nowak (1991), Weston (2000), Thewissen et al. (2001), Boisserie et al. (2003) and Boisserie (2005); to Cetancodonta by Arnason et al. (2004) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); to Hippopotamidamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Whippomorpha by Waddell et al. (1999) and Asher and Helgen (2010); and to Hippopotamoidea by Carroll (1988), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2010), Weston and Boisserie (2010) and Boisserie et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Tesserachenae by Gray (1821); to Belluae by Bonaparte (1850); to Suina by Flower (1883); to Artiodactyla by Cope (1889); to Suina by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Nonruminantia by Gregory (1910); to Suiformes by Jaekel (1911); to Ancodonta by Montgelard et al. (1997); to Suoidea by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Cetruminantia by Ursing et al. (2000); to Anthracotheriodea by Boisserie et al. (2005); to Artiodactyla by Coryndon (1977), Gaziry (1987), Stuenes (1989), Nowak (1991), Weston (2000), Thewissen et al. (2001), Boisserie et al. (2003) and Boisserie (2005); to Cetancodonta by Arnason et al. (2004) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); to Hippopotamidamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Whippomorpha by Waddell et al. (1999) and Asher and Helgen (2010); and to Hippopotamoidea by Carroll (1988), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2010), Weston and Boisserie (2010) and Boisserie et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Hippopotamidae Gray p. 306 |
| 1850 | Hippopotamidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1883 | Hippopotamidae Flower p. 184 |
| 1889 | Hippopotamidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Hippopotamidae Flower and Lydekker p. 89 |
| 1910 | Hippopotamidae Gregory p. 466 |
| 1911 | Hippopotamidae Jaekel p. 234 |
| 1977 | Hippopotamidae Coryndon p. 73 |
| 1987 | Hippopotamidae Gaziry p. 309 |
| 1988 | Hippopotamidae Carroll |
| 1989 | Hippopotamidae Stuenes p. 243 |
| 1991 | Hippopotamidae Nowak |
| 1997 | Hippopotamidae McKenna and Bell p. 399 |
| 1997 | Hippopotamidae Montgelard et al. p. 556 |
| 1999 | Hippopotamidae Waddell et al. p. 2 |
| 2000 | Hippopotamidae Ursing et al. |
| 2000 | Hippopotamidae Weston p. 177 |
| 2001 | Hippopotamidae Thewissen et al. p. suppl. |
| 2003 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie et al. p. 16 |
| 2003 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie et al. p. 2 |
| 2004 | Hippopotamidae Arnason et al. p. 33 |
| 2005 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie p. 12 |
| 2005 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie et al. |
| 2008 | Hippopotamidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 4.3 |
| 2009 | Hippopotamidae Spaulding et al. |
| 2010 | Hippopotamidae Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1 |
| 2010 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie et al. p. 351 |
| 2010 | Hippopotamidae Weston and Boisserie p. 853 |
| 2011 | Hippopotamidae Boisserie et al. p. 620 figs. Table 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Hippopotamidae Gray 1821 [hippopotamus]
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Subfm. Hippopotaminae Gray 1821
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G. †Archaeopotamus Boisserie 2005
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†Archaeopotamus harvardi Coryndon 1977
†Archaeopotamus lothagamensis Weston 2000
G. †Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley 1836 [pygmy hippo]
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†Hexaprotodon aethiopicus Coryndon and Coppens 1975
†Hexaprotodon bruneti Boisserie and White 2004
†Hexaprotodon coryndoni Geze 1985
†Hexaprotodon crusafonti Aguire 1963
†Hexaprotodon dissimilis Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hexaprotodon dulu Boisserie 2004
†Hexaprotodon garyam Boisserie et al. 2005
†Hexaprotodon imaguncula Hopwood 1926
†Hexaprotodon iravticus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon mingoz Boisserie et al. 2003
†Hexaprotodon namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon palaeindicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon pantanellii Joleaud 1920
†Hexaprotodon primaevus Crusafont et al. 1964
†Hexaprotodon sahabiensis Gaziry 1987
†Hexaprotodon shungurensis Geze 1985
†Hexaprotodon siculus Hooijer 1946
†Hexaprotodon sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) hipponensis Gaudry 1867
G. Hippopotamus Linnaeus 1758 [hippo]
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†Hexaprotodon protamphibius turkanensis Geze 1985
Subg. †Hippopotamus (Tetraprotodon) Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hippopotamus aethiopicus Coryndon and Coppens 1975
†Hippopotamus afarensis Geze 1985
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 [hippo]
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Invalid names: Hippopotamus incognitus Faure 1984 [synonym]
†Hippopotamus behemoth Faure 1986
†Hippopotamus coryndonae Geze 1985
†Hippopotamus creutzburgi Boekschoten and Sondaar 1966
†Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich 1928
†Hippopotamus kaisensis Hopwood 1926
†Hippopotamus karumensis Coryndon 1977
†Hippopotamus laloumena Faure and Guerin 1990
†Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne Edwards 1868
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Invalid names: Hippopotamus leptorhynchus Grandidier and Filhol 1894 [synonym]
†Hippopotamus madagascariensis Guldberg 1883
†Hippopotamus major Cuvier 1824
†Hippopotamus meltensis Major 1902
†Hippopotamus minor Desmarest 1822
†Hippopotamus protamphibius Arambourg 1944
†Hippopotamus sirensis Pomel 1896
Invalid names: Hippopotamus amphibius standini Monnier and Lamberton 1922 [nomen nudum], Trilobophorus Geze 1985 [synonym]
G. †Phanourios Boekschoten and Sondaar 1972
Subfm. †Kenyapotaminae Pickford 1983
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G. †Kenyapotamus Pickford 1983
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†Kenyapotamus coryndonae Pickford 1983
†Kenyapotamus ternani Pickford 1983
Invalid names: Palaeopotamus Pickford 2007 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hippopotamina Gray 1825 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Holocene or 20.44000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (585 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Miocene | Kenya | Kulutherium kenyensis (77025) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Uganda | Morotochoerus ugandensis (28292 28293) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Hippopotamus sp. (22220 22229) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Hippopotamus kaisensis, Hexaprotodon imagunculus (22399) | |
| Neogene | Myanmar | Hippopotamus sp. (215569) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Hexaprotodon sp. (22128) | |
| Burdigalian | Kenya | Kulutherium kenyensis (77024) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Kenya | Hippopotamidae indet. (22273) Morotochoerus ugandensis (22303) Palaeopotamus ternani (74559) | |
| Serravallian | Kenya | Hippopotamidae indet. (22284) Kenyapotamus coryndoni (22292) | |
| Serravallian | Kenya (Central Nyanza) | Kenyapotamus ternani (21340) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Tunisia (Gafsa) | Kenyapotamus sp. (35277 35279 35280) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Ethiopia | Hippopotamidae indet. (22157) | |
| Tortonian | Kenya | Hippopotaminae indet., Kenyapotamus coryndonae (219711) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon harvardi (22243) Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon lothagamensis, Hexaprotodon harvardi (22241) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Hexaprotodon sp. (22158 22159 22179) Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon harvardi (22139) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Hippopotamidae indet., Hexaprotodon harvardi, Hippopotamus sp. A, Hippopotamus sp. B (22236) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Hexaprotodon sp. (144187) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) | Hexaprotodon harvardi (28245) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Chad | Hexaprotodon harvardi, Hexaprotodon mingoz (24181) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Uganda | Hippopotamus sp., Hippopotamus kaisensis, Hexaprotodon imagunculus (22345) | |