PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Protolabis

Mammalia - Camelidae

Taxonomy

Protolabis was named by Cope (1876). Its type is Procamelus heterodontus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procamelus by Hay (1902).

It was assigned to Camelinae by Simpson (1945); to Protolabidini by Webb (1965); to Camelidae by Cope (1876) and Carroll (1988); and to Protolabinae by Honey et al. (1998), Honey (2007) and May (2019).

Species

P. angustidens, P. barstowensis, P. coartatus (syn. P. notiochorinos), P. gracilis, P. heterodontus (syn. Procamelus foxi), P. inaequidens, P. saxeus, P. yavapaiensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Protolabis Cope
1945	Protolabis Simpson p. 150
1965	Protolabis Webb p. 44
1988	Protolabis Carroll
1998	Protolabis Honey et al. p. 446
2007	Protolabis Honey
2019	Protolabis May

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
family	Camelidae
subfamily	Protolabinae	Zittel 1893
genus	Protolabis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protolabis Cope 1876

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†Protolabis angustidens Cope 1874

†Protolabis barstowensis Lewis 1968

†Protolabis coartatus Stirton 1929

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Invalid names: Protolabis notiochorinos Patton 1969 [synonym]

†Protolabis gracilis Leidy 1858

†Protolabis heterodontus Cope 1874

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Invalid names: Procamelus foxi Macdonald 1960 [synonym]

†Protolabis inaequidens Cope and Matthew 1915

†Protolabis saxeus Matthew 1924

†Protolabis yavapaiensis Honey and Taylor 1978

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Diet 2:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:42:02

Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Hemingfordian to the top of the Clarendonian or 20.43000 to 9.40000 Ma

Collections (82 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (California)	P. sp. (17800)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Nevada)	P. sp. (18840)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Idaho)	P. sp. (18980)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Arizona)	Michenia yavapaiensis (19307 19464) Michenia yavapaiensis, P. coartatus (19354 19580) P. coartatus (19301)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19518)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Montana)	Procamelus gracilis (18931)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19388)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (Wyoming)	P. sp. (167862)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (Oregon)	P. sp. (167866)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (Wyoming)	P. heterodontus (18873 19075 19078 19079 19080 19081 19083) P. sp. (18908)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19434)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (California)	P. sp. (19599)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (Colorado)	P. sp. (17908)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (Nebraska)	P. saxeus (17970 18001)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian	20.43 - 12.5	USA (California)	P. sp. (19208 19209 19213 19218 19601)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (California)	Hesperocamelus sp. (19133) P. sp. (19510)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19287 19535)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	Mexico (Oaxaca)	P. sp. (18722)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Nebraska)	P. gracilis (18141 18164 18192 18209 18261 18442) P. heterodontus (18208 18250) P. sp. (18124)
Early/Lower Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19547)
Barstovian - Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	P. sp. (18077)
Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (New Mexico)	P. sp. (19286)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	USA (Colorado)	P. angustidens (18979)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Texas)	P. coartatus (18104) P. sp. (18610 18645 207452) P. yavapaiensis (18611) P. yavapaiensis, P. sp. (18623)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nevada)	Procamelus gracilis (18888) P. coartatus (18845)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Arizona)	Michenia yavapaiensis, P. coartatus (19315 19429 19436 19543)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	P. heterodontus (18176 18233 18324 188779) P. sp. (18078 18082 18243 18315)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Kansas)	P. sp. (18186)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (California)	Procamelus coartatus (19145)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (South Dakota)	P. heterodontus (18268) P. sp. (18063)
Early/Lower Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	P. sp. (18129)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (New Mexico)	Michenia yavapaiensis (19346)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	USA (Colorado)	P. sp. (18846)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (New Mexico)	Michenia yavapaiensis (19348 19349 19350 19351)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Honduras	P. heterodontus (18736 18739)