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Leptomerycidae

Mammalia - Leptomerycidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Leptomerycidae Zittel p. 389
1902Leptomerycinae Hay p. 671
1908Leptomerycinae Matthew p. 561
1940Leptomerycinae Scott p. 537
1955Leptomerycidae Gazin p. 80
1969Leptomerycidae Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1988Leptomerycidae Carroll
2001Leptomerycidae Vislobokova p. S134
2009Leptomerycidae Spaulding et al.
2020Leptomerycidae Lofgren et al.
2022Leptomerycidae Korth et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyLeptomerycidae
familyLeptomerycidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Leptomerycidae Zittel 1893
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G. †Hendryomeryx Black 1978
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†Hendryomeryx defordi Wilson 1974
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Invalid names: Hidrosotherium transpecoensis Wilson 1974 [synonym]
†Hendryomeryx wilsoni Black 1978
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium Wilson 1974 [synonym]
G. †Leptomeryx Leidy 1853
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†Leptomeryx antecedens Cook 1934
†Leptomeryx blacki Stock 1949
†Leptomeryx elissae Korth and Diamond 2002
†Leptomeryx esulcatus Cope 1889
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Invalid names: Leptomeryx drummondanus Matthew 1926 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853
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Invalid names: Leptomeryx lenis Cook 1934 [synonym], Trimerodus cedrensis Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx exilis Cook 1934
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Invalid names: Leptomeryx minimus Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx mammifer Cope 1885
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Invalid names: Leptomeryx agatensis Cook 1934 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Hypertragulus transversus Cope 1889 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx significans Russell 1954
†Leptomeryx speciosus Lambe 1908
†Leptomeryx yoderi Schlaikjer 1935
Invalid names: Trimerodus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Pipestoneia Tabrum and Métais 2007
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†Pipestoneia douglassi Tabrum and Métais 2007
G. †Pronodens Koerner 1940
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†Pronodens silberlingi Koerner 1940
†Pronodens transmontanus Douglass 1903
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
I. A. Vislobokova 2001Skull with more enlarged brain- case than in archaeomerycids. Sagittal crest shorter than in archaeomerycids, lophiomerycids, and gelocids. Temporal crests fused much more posteriorly to coro- nal suture. Postorbital bar complete and forms half of frontal and half of jugal. Parietal foramen large, some- times double. Auditory bulla small, with medium-long external acoustic meatus. Stylohyoid vagina encroach- ing upon bulla with sharp lateral border. Mastoid expo- sure mainly on occipital surface. Mastoid foramen large and placed laterally. Foramen ovale slitlike, located posteriorly. Pterygoid canal present. Petrosal enlarged with ventral side sitting closer to horizontal plane than to parasagittal one; anteroventral border of petrosal laterally almost reaching the postglenoid fora- men. Promontorium well developed, as in tragulids. Fenestra vestibuli small. Stapedial muscle fossa oppo- site fenestra vestibuli. Epitympanic recess formed by petrosal, as in tragulids. Lacrimal with enlarged facial and orbital parts and with single lacrimal foramen within orbit, as in tragulids. Jugal with well-developed anterior process. Posterior opening of infraorbital canal between lacrimal and maxilla, as in tragulids. Ethmoi- dal fissure well developed. Nasals shorter than in archaeomerycids, not narrowed posteriorly. Median concavity of palate opposite posterior border of M3. Anterior opening of nasal cavity with projected anteri- orly nasals. Upper incisors absent. Lower iI enlarged, strongly procumbent. Upper canines reduced. P I absent. The p I present or lost. Odontoid process of axis
spout-like. Forelimbs much shorter than hindlimbs. Radius and ulna, tibia and fibula separate. Fibula reduced to separate proximal rudiment and malleolar bone. Manus tetradactyl. Metacarpals separate and arranged in paraxonic symmetry. Metatarsals III and IV form cannon bone with unclosed gully. Proximal splits of metatarsals II and V fused with cannon bone. Ecto- and mesocuneiforms fused. Entocuneiform separate. Astragalus of pecoran type with parallel trochleae.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: frugivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: analogous to Tragulidae, i.e., frugivorousf
Created: 2005-08-31 14:47:23
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:47:23
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Webb 1998, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Uintan to the top of the Hemingfordian or 46.20000 to 15.97000 Ma

Collections (181 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Hendryomeryx wilsoni (16624)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Wyoming) Hendryomeryx wilsoni (16826 16853 16884)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Hendryomeryx sp. (16846)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Texas) Hendryomeryx sp. (16856) Leptomeryx defordi (16828 16830 16835 16851) Leptomeryx sp. (16843)
Duchesnean - Chadronian39.7 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx blacki (17020)
Duchesnean - Chadronian39.7 - 33.9USA (Montana) Hendryomeryx defordi (16840)
Duchesnean - Early/Lower Chadronian39.7 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Hendryomeryx sp. (16881)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Canada (British Columbia) Leptotragulus significans (16984)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Montana) Leptomerycidae indet., Leptomeryx sp. (16990) Leptomeryx evansi (16946) Leptomeryx mammifer, Leptomeryx speciosus, Hendryomeryx sp. (16959) Leptomeryx sp. (16927 16935 16945 17041) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx mammifer, Leptomeryx speciosus, Hendryomeryx sp. (16988 17010) Leptomeryx speciosus (16949 16989) Leptomeryx speciosus, Leptomeryx yoderi (16994) Leptomeryx transmontanus (16914 16924 16925)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Hendryomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx mammifer, Pseudoprotoceras semicinctus, Leptomeryx speciosus (16919) Hypertragulus transversus, Leptomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx mammifer, Leptomeryx semicinctus (101961) Leptomeryx sp. (16912) Leptomeryx speciosus (16979) Leptomeryx speciosus, Pseudoprotoceras semicinctus (16893) Leptomeryx yoderi (17023)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx antecedens (17000) Leptomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx evansi (16929) Leptomeryx evansi (17018) Leptomeryx sp. (16917 16930 16940 16941 17014 17033) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx evansi (16918) Leptomeryx speciosus (17031)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Mexico (Chihuahua) Leptomeryx sp. (17015)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Leptomeryx esulcatus (16908) Leptomeryx evansi (16973) Leptomeryx mammifer, Leptomeryx speciosus (16962 16963 16964) Leptomeryx sp. (16892 16896 16951 16952 16953 16955 16957 17011) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx esulcatus (16920) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx sp. (16961 16986) Leptomeryx speciosus (16942 16943 16965 16966) Leptomeryx yoderi (17045) Leptomeryx yoderi, Pseudoprotoceras semicinctus (16960)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (North Dakota) Leptomeryx yoderi (16991)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Utah) Leptomeryx sp. (16948)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Leptomeryx sp. (17021)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (California) Leptomeryx blacki (17029)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Leptomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx evansi (16977) Leptomeryx sp. (16968)
Early/Lower Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Montana) Leptomeryx speciosus, Leptomeryx yoderi (27245)
Early/Lower Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Leptomeryx sp. (16906)
Late/Upper Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Leptomeryx sp. (85117)
Late/Upper Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Montana) Leptomeryx evansi, Leptomeryx speciosus (17027)
Middle Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx speciosus (16928)
Middle Chadronian - Late/Upper Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Leptomeryx speciosus (156988)
Chadronian - Orellan37.2 - 33.3USA (Utah) Leptomeryx sp. (17008)
Chadronian - Orellan37.2 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Leptomeryx evansi (17063) Leptomeryx sp. (16993)
Late/Upper Chadronian - Orellan37.2 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx exilis (230806)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (South Dakota) Leptomeryx evansi (17094 17102 17103 17115 17133 17153 17173 17174 17295 17296) Leptomeryx sp. (17089 17187 17188 17189 17190) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx evansi (163487)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Montana) Hendryomeryx sp., Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx evansi (17090) Leptomeryx evansi (17074 17138 17154) Leptomeryx sp. (17137) Leptomeryx transmontanus (17109)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Leptomeryx evansi (17064 17105 17106 17318) Leptomeryx speciosus (17104)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (North Dakota) Leptomeryx evansi (17100 17301)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Colorado) Leptomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx evansi (17081) Leptomeryx esulcatus, Leptomeryx evansi, Leptomeryx sp. (17082) Leptomeryx evansi (17083)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx evansi (17055 17111)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx elissae (23834) Leptomeryx evansi (17062) Leptomeryx sp., Leptomeryx evansi (17098 17164 17165)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (South Dakota) Leptomeryx lenis (17336 17337 17338) Leptomeryx obliquidens (185937) Leptomeryx sp. (17317 17358 17359 17380 17384 17385)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx sp., Pronodens sp. (17372)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx lenis (17388)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Montana) Leptomeryx sp. (230863)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Colorado) Leptomeryx evansi (17426)
Whitneyan - Monroecreekian33.3 - 24.8Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx sp. (17306)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (South Dakota) Leptomeryx sp. (17629 17635 17636 17638 17641 17659 17660)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx sp. (17474)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Montana) Leptomeryx sp. (17700) Pronodens silberlingi (17509) Pronodens sp. (17540 17543)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (South Dakota) Leptomeryx sp. (17517 17606)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Leptomeryx evansi (180202)
late Late Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Leptomerycinae indet. (18013)
Monroecreekian26.3 - 24.8Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptomeryx sp. (17526)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Leptomeryx agatensis (17846)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Louisiana) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (163859)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nebraska) Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti (17952)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97Canada (Saskatchewan) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (17868)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian20.43 - 12.5USA (California) Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti (19235)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Pseudoparablastomeryx francescita (18275 18442) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (18141 18208 18261 18284 18412 27481)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Louisiana) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (18666)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (19535)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Parablastomeryx scotti (17976) Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti (17901 17903 17955 17956 17972 18020)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti (18665)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5Mexico (Oaxaca) Pseudoparablastomeryx sp. (18735)