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Sivatherium

Mammalia - Giraffidae

Taxonomy
Sivatherium was named by Falconer and Cautley (1836). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Giraffidae by Carroll (1988); and to Sivatheriinae by Mitchell and Skinner (2003), Harris et al. (2010) and Kahn et al. (2010).

Species
S. hendeyi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1836Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley
1988Sivatherium Carroll
2003Sivatherium Mitchell and Skinner p. 64 figs. Figure 16
2010Sivatherium Harris et al. p. 804
2010Sivatherium Kahn et al. p. 122

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyGiraffidae
subfamilySivatheriinaeZittel 1893
genusSivatheriumFalconer and Cautley 1836

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley 1836
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†Sivatherium hendeyi Harris 1976
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparousf
Comments: grazer based on premaxillary shape (Solounias and Moelleken 1993)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:48:20
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:48:20
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Solounias and Moelleken 1993

Age range: base of the Messinian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 7.24600 to 0.78100 Ma

Collections (34 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa S. olduvaiense (22220) S. sp. (22229)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya S. sp. (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia S. sp. (22139)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Tunisia Sivatherium indet. (35274)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Morocco S. sp. (34366)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad S. hendeyi (59839)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya S. sp. (22237)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) S. sp. (59167)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Tanzania S. sp. (22044)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia S. sp. (22135)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Spain (Murcia) S. hendeyi (185681)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa S. hendeyi (22221 22222)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya S. hendeyi (22234)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Russian Federation (West-Siberia) S. sp. (44866)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) S. sp. (70907)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania S. sp. (22480)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi S. sp. (22271 22559)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tajikistan S. sp. (34444)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588India (Jammu) S. giganteum (51102)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588India (Panjab) S. giganteum (51104 51106)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad S. sp. (21962 22505 22506)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Uganda S. sp. (22178)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) S. sp. (189786)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) S. sp. (22491 22492 22494)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Tanzania S. sp. (21973)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania S. sp. (22625)