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Bovidae (antelope)

Mammalia - Bovidae

Subtaxa
Alcelaphus (syn. Bubalis), Alephis, Antilopina, Antilopinae, Antilospira, Austroportax, Bison (syn. Stelabison, Simobison, Harlanus), Bootherium (syn. Symbos), Bovinae, Brabovus, Cambayella, Camelopardalina, Capra depressa, Capra reversa, Caprina, Caprinae, Criotherium, Deperetia, Dorcadoryx, Dorcadoxa, Dystychoceras, Dytikodorcas, Eosyncerus, Euceratherium (syn. Aftonius, Preptoceras), Gallogoral, Gazella, Gazellospira, Gentrytragus, Gobiocerus, Grevenobos, Hanhaicerus, Helicoportax, Helicotragus (syn. Helicophora, Helicoceras), Hemibos (syn. Probubalus, Peribos, Amphibos), Hemistrepsiceros, Hesperidoceras, Hezhengia, Hippotraginae, Hypsodontinae, Kabulicornis, Kobikeryx, Kubanotragus, Leptobos, Leptotragus, Linxiatragus, Liops, Lyrocerus, Majoreas, Megalovis, Mesembriacerus, Mesembriportax, Microtragus, Miotragocerus, Moschiola, Namacerus, Nesotragus, Nisidorcas, Oiocerini, Olonbulukia, Oreamnos (syn. Haplocerus, Aplocerus), Oreonager, Orygotherium, Pachygazella, Pachyportax, Pachytragus, Palaeoreas, Palaeoryx, Paraprotoryx, Paratragocerus, Parurmiatherium, Peleinae, Perimia, Platybos, Pliotragus (syn. Hesperoceras), Praeovibos, Proamphibos, Procamptoceras, Procobus, Prodamaliscus, Proleptobos, Prosinotragus, Prostrepsiceros, Protoryx, Protragelaphus, Protragocerus, Pseudobos, Pseudoeotragus, Pseudotragus, Pultiphagonides, Qurliqnoria, Rhynchotragus, Rhynotragus, Ruticeros, Saiga, Samokeros, Selenoportax, Shensispira, Sinoreas, Sinoryx, Sinotragus, Sivacapra, Sivaceros, Sivaportax, Sivatragus, Sivoryx, Skoufotragus, Soergelia, Spirocerus, Sporadotragus, Strepsiportax, Strogulognathus, Tchaltacerus, Tethytragus, Toribos, Torticornis, Tossunnoria, Tragelaphinae, Tragocerus, Tragoportax, Tragoreas, Tragospira, Tsaidamotherium, Turritragus, Urmiatheriinae, Wellsiana

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Capra depressa Linnaeus p. 69
1758Capra reversa Linnaeus p. 69
1821Bovidae Gray p. 308
1825Bovidae Gray p. 342
1850Bovidae Bonaparte p. 1
1873Bovidae Leidy p. 318
1878Bovidae Lydekker
1883Bovidae Flower p. 185
1889Bovidae Cope p. 877
1891Bovidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1902Bovidae Hay p. 686
1908Bovidae Matthew p. 561
1910Bovidae Gregory p. 466
1911Bovidae Jaekel p. 234
1980Bovidae Kurten and Anderson p. 326
1981Bovidae Thurmond and Jones p. 190
1988Bovidae Carroll
1991Bovidae Nowak
2003Bovidae Hassanin and Douzery
2005Bovidae Mead and Taylor p. 3
2006Bovidae Croft et al. p. 1039
2008Bovidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2
2009Bovidae Spaulding et al.
2017Bovidae Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Ruminantiamorpha
Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
Pecora()
familyBovidae
familyBovidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Bovidae Gray 1821 [antelope]
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G. Alcelaphus Blainville 1816 [hartebeest]
+
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 [hartebeest]
Alcelaphus cokii Günther 1884 [Coke's hartebeest]
Alcelaphus kattwinkeli Scwarz 1932
Invalid names: Bubalis Goldfuss 1820 [synonym]
G. †Alephis Gromolard 1980
+
Alephis lyrix Gromolard 1980
Alephis tigneresi Michaux et al. 1991
Subfm. Antilopinae Gray 1821
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Tr. Aepycerotini Gray 1872
+
G. Aepyceros Sundevall 1847 [impala]
+
Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein 1812 [impala]
Aepyceros premelampus Harris 2003
Aepyceros shungurae Gentry 1985
Tr. Alcelaphini Brookes 1876
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Subtr. †Alcelaphina Vrba 1997
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G. †Damalops Pilgrim 1939
+
Damalops sidihakomai Vrba 1997
G. †Megalotragus van Hoepen 1932
+
Megalotragus atopocranion Pickford and Thomas 1984
G. †Awashia Vrba 1997
+
Awashia suwai Vrba 1997
G. Beatragus Heller 1912 [hirola]
+
Beatragus antiquus Leakey 1965
Beatragus hunteri Sclater 1889
Beatragus whitei Vrba 1997
G. Connochaetes Lichtenstein 1812 [wildebeest]
+
Connochaetes gentryi Harris 1991
Connochaetes gentryi leptoceras Geraads et al. 2004
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann 1780 [black wildebeest]
Connochaetes taurinus Burchell 1823 [blue wildebeest]
Connochaetes tournoueri Thomas 1884
Invalid names: Catoblepas Gray 1821 [synonym], Oreonagor Thomas 1884 [synonym]
G. †Damalacra Gentry 1980
+
Damalacra acalla Gentry 1980
Damalacra neanica Gentry 1980
G. †Damalborea Gentry 2010
+
Damalborea elisabethae Gentry 2010
G. Damaliscus Sclater and Thomas 1894 [antelope]
+
Damaliscus ademassui Vrba 1997
Damaliscus agelaius Gentry and Gentry 1978
Damaliscus cuiculi Arambourg 1979
Damaliscus dorcas Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
Damaliscus gentryi Vrba 1977
Damaliscus hadari Vrba 1997
Damaliscus korrigum Ogilby 1837 [topi]
Damaliscus lunatus Burchell 1823 [common tsessebe]
Damaliscus pygargus Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
Damaliscus strepsiceras Geraads et al. 2004
G. †Maremmia Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
+
Maremmia haupti Major 1873
Maremmia lorenzi Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
G. †Numidocapra Arambourg 1949
+
Numidocapra crassicornis Arambourg 1949
Invalid names: Rabaticeras Ennouchi 1953 [synonym]
G. †Parmularius Hopwood 1934
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Parmularius altidens Hopwood 1934
Parmularius ambiguus Pomel 1894
Parmularius angusticornis Schwarz 1937
Parmularius atlanticus Geraads and Amani 1998
Parmularius braini Vrba 1977
Parmularius eppsi Harris 1991
Parmularius pachyceras Geraads 2001
Parmularius pandatus Gentry 1987
Parmularius parvus Vrba 1978
Parmularius rugosus Leakey 1965
G. Sigmoceros Peters 1849
Invalid names: Damaliscina Vrba 1997 [empty]
Tr. Antilopini Gray 1821
+
G. Ammodorcas Thomas 1891
+
Ammodorcas clarkei Thomas 1891
G. Antidorcas Sundevall 1847 [springbok]
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Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmerman 1780 [springbok]
Antidorcas marsupialis australis Hendey and Hendey 1968
G. Antilope Pallas 1766
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Subg. Antilope (Naemorhedus) Smith 1827
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Nemorhoedus palmeri Cragin 1899
Subg. Antilope (Pantholops) Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
Antilope arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
Antilope campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Antilope cervicapra Linnaeus 1758 [blackbuck]
Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
Antilope equina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
Antilope leptoceros Cuvier 1842
Antilope lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
Antilope lindermayeri Wagner 1848
Antilope ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
Antilope pallasi Wagner 1857
Antilope patulicornis Lydekker 1878
Antilope porrecticornis Lydekker 1878
Antilope sivalensis Lydekker 1878
G. Eudorcas Fitzinger 1869
+
Eudorcas rufifrons Gray 1846 [red-fronted gazelle]
Eudorcas thomsoni Gunther 1884 [Thomson's gazelle]
G. Nanger Lataste 1885 [gazelle]
+
Gazella (Nanger) dama mhorr Bennett 1833 [Mhorr gazelle]
Nanger dama Pallas 1766 [dama gazelle]
Nanger granti Brooke 1872 [Grant's gazelle]
Nanger soemmerringii Cretzschmar 1828 [Soemmerring's gazelle]
G. Procapra Hodgson 1846
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Procapra gutturosa Pallas 1777
Procapra picticaudata Hodgson 1846
Invalid names: Prodorcas Pocock 1918 [synonym]
Tr. Caprini Gray 1821
+
+
Ammotragus lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
G. †Bouria Vrba 1997
+
Bouria anngettyae Vrba 1997
G. Budorcas Hodgson 1850 [takin]
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Budorcas churcheri Gentry 1996
Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson 1850
G. Capra Linnaeus 1758 [goat]
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Capra aegagrus Erxleben 1777 [wild goat]
Capra caucasica Güldenstaedt and Pallas 1779
Capra falconeri Wagner 1839
Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758 [domestic goat]
+
Invalid names: Capra mambrica Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Capra ibex Linnaeus 1758 [Alpine ibex]
Capra nubiana Cuvier 1825
Capra perimensis Lydekker 1878
Capra primaeva Arambourg 1979
Capra pyrenaica Schinz 1838
Capra sibirica Pallas 1776
Capra sivalensis Lydekker 1878
G. Ovis Linnaeus 1758 [sheep]
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Ovis ammon Linnaeus 1758 [argali]
Ovis ammon darwini Przewalski 1883
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758 [domestic sheep]
+
Invalid names: Ovis guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Ovis strepsiceros Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Ovis canadensis Shaw 1804 [bighorn sheep]
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Ovis canadensis auduboni Merriam 1901
Invalid names: Ovis canadensis cremnobates Elliot 1903 [synonym], Ovis catclawensis Hibbard and Wright 1956 [synonym], Ovis cervina Desmarest 1804 [synonym], Ovis montana Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Ovis pygarus Griffith 1827 [synonym]
Ovis dalli Nelson 1884 [Dall sheep]
Ovis dorshi Frick 1937
Ovis europea Kerr 1792
Ovis mamillaris Foster 1837
Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz 1829
Ovis shantungensis Mastumoto 1926
Ovis sheldoni Merriam 1916
Ovis vignei Blythe 1841
Invalid names: Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw 1804 [synonym], Ovis orientalis Gmelin 1774 [nomen nudum]
G. †Protovis Wang et al. 2016
+
Protovis himalayensis Wang et al. 2016
G. †Sinocapra Chen 1991
+
Sinocapra willdownsi Mead and Taylor 2005
Tr. Cephalophini Blyth 1863
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G. Cephalophus Smith 1827 [duiker]
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Cephalophus adersi Thomas 1918
Cephalophus dorsalis Gray 1849 [bay duiker]
Cephalophus harveyi Thomas 1893
Cephalophus monticola Thunberg 1789 [blue duiker]
Cephalophus ogilby Waterhouse 1838
Cephalophus rubidus Thomas 1901
Cephalophus sylvicultor Afzelius 1815 [yellow-backed duiker]
Cephalophus weynsi Thomas 1901
G. Philantomba Blkyth 1840
+
Philantomba monticola Thurnburg 1789 [blue duiker]
G. Sylvicapra Ogilby 1837 [duiker]
+
Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus 1758 [common duiker]
G. †Etruria Abbazzi et al. 2008
Tr. Hippotragini Sundevall 1845
+
G. Addax Laurillard 1841
+
Addax nasomaculatus de Blainville 1816
G. Hippotragus Sundevall 1845
+
Hippotragus bohlini Pilgrim 1939
Hippotragus cookei Vrba 1987
Hippotragus equinus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
Hippotragus gigas Leakey 1965
Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas 1766 [bluebuck]
Hippotragus niger Harris 1838 [sable antelope]
Hippotragus niro Hopwood 1936
Hippotragus priscus Arambourg 1979
G. Oryx de Blainville 1816 [oryx]
+
Oryx algazel Oken 1816
+
Invalid names: Antilope dammah Cretzschmar 1826 [synonym]
Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835 [East African oryx]
Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827
Oryx eleulmensis Arambourg 1979
Oryx gazella Linnaeus 1758 [gemsbok]
Oryx leucoryx Pallas 1777 [Arabian oryx]
+
Invalid names: Oryx beatrix Gray 1857 [synonym]
Oryx sivalensis Pilgrim 1939
G. †Praedamalis Dietrich 1950
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Praedamalis deturi Dietrich 1950
Praedamalis howelli Vrba and Gatsey 1994
G. †Saheloryx Geraads et al. 2008
+
Saheloryx solidus Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Tchadotragus Geraads et al. 2008
+
Tchadotragus sudrei Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Homoiodorcas Thomas 1981
+
Homoiodorcas tugenium Thomas 1981
+
Litocranius walleri Brooke 1878
Tr. †Neotragini Sclater and Thomas 1894
+
G. Dorcatragus Noack 1894
+
G. Madoqua Ogilby 1837 [dikdik]
+
Madoqua guentheri Thomas 1894 [Gunther's dik-dik]
Madoqua kirkii Gunther 1880
Madoqua phillipsi Thomas 1894
Madoqua saltiana de Blainville 1816 [salt's dik-dik]
G. Neotragus Hamilton Smith 1827
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Neotragus pygmaeus Linnaeus 1758 [royal antelope]
Invalid names: Tragulus Boddaert 1785 [synonym], Tragulus Pallas 1767 [synonym]
G. Oreotragus Smith 1834 [klipspringer]
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Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 [klipspringer]
+
Ourebia ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
G. Raphicerus Smith 1827
+
Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg 1811 [Cape grysbok]
Raphicerus paralius Gentry 1980
Raphicerus sharpei Thomas 1897 [Sharpe's grysbok]
G. †Tyrrhenotragus Thomas 1984
+
Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus Weithofer 1888
G. Pantholops Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
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G. †Parantidorcas Arambourg 1979
+
Parantidorcas latifrons Arambourg 1979
Tr. †Peleini Gray 1872
+
G. Pelea Gray 1851
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Pelea capreolus Forster 1790 [grey rhebok]
Tr. Reduncini Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
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G. Kobus Smith 1840
+
Kobus barbarus Geraads and Amani 1998
Kobus basilcookei Vrba 2006
Kobus defassa Rüppell 1835 [Defassa waterbuck]
Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
Kobus kob Erxleben 1777 [kob]
Kobus korotorensis Geraads 2001
Kobus laticornis Harris 2003
Kobus leche Gray 1850
Kobus megaceros Fitzinger 1855
Kobus oricornus Gentry 1985
Kobus presigmoidalis Harris 2003
Kobus sigmoidalis Arambourg 1941
Kobus subdolus Gentry 1980
Kobus tchadensis Gerrads 2001
Kobus vardoni Livingstone 1857
G. †Menelikia Arambourg 1941
+
Menelikia leakeyi Harris 1991
Menelikia lyrocera Arambourg 1941
G. Redunca Smith 1827 [reedbuck]
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Redunca ancystrocera Arambourg 1947
Redunca arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
Redunca darti Wells and Cooke 1956
Redunca eulmensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 [mountain reedbuck]
Redunca khroumirensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca redunca Hamilton Smith 1827 [bohor reedbuck]
G. †Sivacobus Pilgrim 1939
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Sivacobus palaeindicus Lydekker 1885
Sivacobus sankaliai Vrba et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gangicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Hydaspicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Indoredunca Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Sivadenota Pligrim 1939 [synonym], Vishnucobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym]
G. †Thaleroceros Reck 1935
+
G. †Zephyreduncinus Vrba and Haile-Selassie 2006
+
Zephyreduncinus oundagaisus Verba and Haile- Selassie 2006
G. †Urmiatherium Rodler 1888
+
Urmiatherium intermedium Schlosser 1903
Urmiatherium kassandriensis Lazaridis et al. 2017
Urmiatherium rugosifrons Sickenberg 1932
Invalid names: Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser 1976 [nomen nudum], Pantholopini [empty]
G. †Antilospira Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
G. †Austroportax Sickenberg 1929
+
Austroportax latifrons Sickenberg 1929
G. Bison Hamilton-Smith 1827 [bison]
+
Bison alaskensis Rhoads 1897
+
Invalid names: Bison aguascalentensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975 [synonym], Bison chaneyi Cook 1928 [synonym]
Bison antiquus Leidy 1852
+
Invalid names: Bison californicus Rhoads 1897 [synonym], Bison figginsi Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison kansensis McClung 1905 [synonym], Bison occidentalis Lucas 1898 [synonym], Bison oliverhayi Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison pacificus Hay 1927 [synonym], Bison taylori Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison texanus Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bos scaphoceras [synonym]
Bison bonasus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bison europaeus Owen 1849 [synonym]
Bison francisi Frick 1937
Bison latifrons Harlan 1825
+
Invalid names: Bison alleni Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison angularis Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison ferox Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison regius Hay 1913 [synonym], Bison rotundus Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bos arizonica Blake 1898 [synonym], Bos crampianus Cope 1894 [synonym], Sus americanus Harlan [synonym]
Bison palaeosinensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Bison priscus Bojanus 1827
+
Invalid names: Bison crassicornis Richardson 1854 [synonym], Bison geisti Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison praeoccidentalis Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison willistoni Martin 1924 [synonym]
Bison sivalensis Falconer 1847
Bison sylvestris Hay 1915
Invalid names: Harlanus Owen 1846 [synonym], Simobison Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Stelabison Figgins 1933 [synonym]
G. †Bootherium Harlan 1825
+
Bootherium bombifrons Harlan 1825
+
Invalid names: Bison appalachicolus Rhoads 1895 [synonym], Bootherium brazosis Hesse 1942 [synonym], Bootherium nivicolens Hay 1915 [synonym], Bootherium sargenti Gidley 1908 [synonym], Liops zuniensis Gidley 1906 [synonym], Ovibos cavifrons Leidy 1852 [synonym], Ovibos giganteus Frick 1937 [synonym], Scaphoceros tyrelli Osgood 1905 [synonym], Symbos australis Brown 1908 [synonym], Symbos convexifrons Barbour 1934 [synonym], Symbos promptus Hay 1920 [synonym]
Invalid names: Symbos Osgood 1905 [synonym]
Subfm. Bovinae Gray 1821
+
G. Arabitragus Ropiquet and Hassanin 2005
+
Tr. Boselaphini Knottnerus-Meyer 1997
+
G. Boselaphus de Blainville 1816 [nilgai]
+
Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas 1766 [nilgai]
+
Invalid names: Antilope leucopus Zimmermann 1777 [synonym], Antilope picta Pallas 1777 [synonym], Boselaphus albipes Erxleben 1777 [synonym], Damalis risia Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Tragelaphus hippelaphus Ogilby 1837 [synonym]
Invalid names: Portax Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Tragelaphus Ogilby 1837 [synonym]
G. †Elachistoceras Thomas 1977
+
G. †Eotragus Pilgrim 1939
+
Eotragus clavatus Gervais 1850
G. †Kipsigicerus Thomas 1984
G. †Neotragocerus Matthew and Cook 1909
+
Neotragocerus improvisus Matthew and Cook 1909
Invalid names: Neotragocerus lindgreni Merriam 1918 [nomen dubium]
G. †Parabos Arambourg and Piveteau 1929
+
Parabos boodon Gervais 1853
Parabos cordieri de Christol 1832
Parabos savelisi Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
G. †Sivoreas Pilgrim 1939
+
Sivoreas eremita Pilgrim 1939
G. Tetracerus Leach 1825
+
Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville 1816 [four-horned antelope]
Tr. Bovini Gray 1821
+
G. Bos Linnaeus 1758 [ox]
+
Subg. Bos (Bibos) Hodgson 1837
Bos acutifrons Lydekker 1877
Bos bison Linnaeus 1758 [American bison]
+
Invalid names: Bos americanus Gmelin 1788 [synonym]
Bos bubaloides Arambourg 1979
+
Invalid names: Bos praeafricanus Arambourg 1979 [synonym]
Bos caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
Bos chinensis Gray 1873
Bos frontalis Lambert 1804 [gayal]
Bos gaurus Smith 1827
Bos grunniens Linnaeus 1766 [yak]
+
Invalid names: Bos bunnelli Frick 1937 [synonym]
Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758
Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823
Bos makapaani Broom 1937
Bos mutus Przewalski 1883
Bos namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
+
Invalid names: Bos falconerianus Falconer 1860 [objective synonym]
Bos palaethiopicus Arambourg 1979
Bos planifrons Lydekker 1877
Bos platyrhinus Lydekker 1878
Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827
Bos sauveli Urbain 1937
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758 [cow]
Subtr. Bubalina Pligrim 1939
+
G. Bubalus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [water buffalo]
+
+
Anoa quarlesi Ouwens 1910
Subg. †Bubalus (Bubalus) Hamilton-Smith 1827
Bubalus brevicornis Young 1936
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bos arnee Kerr 1792 [synonym]
Bubalus cebuensis Croft et al. 2006
Bubalus depressicornis Smith 1827 [lowland anoa]
Bubalus guzhensis Liu Jialong & Zhen Shuonan 1981
Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood 1925
Bubalus murrensis Berckhemer 1927
Bubalus palaeindicus Falconer 1868
Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 1908
Bubalus platyceros Lydekker 1877
+
Invalid names: Bubalus sivalensis Rutimeyer 1878 [synonym]
Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910
Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
Bubalus tingi Bohlin 1938
Bubalus triangulatus Liu Jialong 1981
Bubalus wansijocki Boule and Chardin 1928
Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957
G. Syncerus Hodgson 1847 [African buffalo]
+
Syncerus acoelotus Gentry 1985
Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
G. †Pelorovis Reck 1928
+
Pelorovis antiquus Duvernoy 1851
Pelorovis howelli Hadjouis and Sahnouni 2006
Pelorovis kaisensis Geraads and Thomasson 1994
Pelorovis turkanensis Harris 1991
Pelorovis turkanensis brachyceras Geraads et al. 2004
Tr. Pseudorygini Grubb 2001
+
+
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung et al. 1993 [saola]
G. †Ugandax Cooke and Coryndon 1970
+
Ugandax coryndonae Gentry 2006
Ugandax demissum Gentry 1980
Ugandax gautieri Cook and Coryndon 1970
Invalid names: Bovina Gray 1821 [empty]
G. †Duboisea Stremme 1911
G. Nilgitragus Ropiquet and Hassanin 2005
+
G. †Platycerabos Barbour and Schultz 1942
+
Platycerabos dodsoni Barbour and Schultz 1941
Invalid names: Parabos Barbour and Schultz 1941 [replaced]
+
Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter and Feiler 1994
G. †Simatherium Dietrich 1941
+
Simatherium kohllareseni Dietrich 1941
Simatherium shungurense Geraads 1995
Tr. Tragelaphini Blyth 1863
+
G. †Pheraios Kostopoulos and Koufos 2006
+
Pheraios chryssomallos Kostopoulos and Koufos 2006
G. Taurotragus Wagner 1855 [eland]
+
Taurotragus oryx Pallas 1766 [common eland]
G. Tragelaphus de Blainville 1816
+
Tragelaphus angasii Gray 1849 [nyala]
Tragelaphus arkelli Leakey 1965
Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker 1910 [mountain nyala]
Tragelaphus derbianus Gray 1847 [giant eland]
Tragelaphus eurycerus Ogilby 1837 [bongo]
Tragelaphus gaudryi Thomas 1884
Tragelaphus imberbis Blythe 1869 [lesser kudu]
Tragelaphus kyaloae Harris 1991
Tragelaphus lockwoodi Reed and Bibi 2010
Tragelaphus nakuae Arambourg 1941
Tragelaphus oryx Pallas 1766 [common eland]
Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas 1766 [bushbuck]
Tragelaphus spekii Sclater 1864 [sitatunga]
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas 1766 [greater kudu]
G. †Brabovus Gentry 1987
+
Brabovus nanincisus Gentry 1987
G. †Cambayella Pilgrim 1939
Subfm. Caprinae Gray 1821
+
G. †Aragoral Alcala and Morales 1997
+
Aragoral mudejar Alcala and Morales 1997
G. †Benicerus Heintz 1973
+
Benicerus theobaldi Heintz 1973
+
Capricornis crispus Temminck 1845
+
Invalid names: Capricornis milneedwardsii David 1869 [synonym]
G. †Damalavus Arambourg 1958
+
Damalavus boroccoi Arambourg 1959
G. Hemitragus Hodgson 1841
+
Hemitragus cedrensis Crégut-Bonnoure 1989
G. †Myotragus Bate 1909
+
Myotragus balearicus Bate 1909
Myotragus kopperi Moya and Pons 1980
G. Naemorhaedus Smith 1827
+
Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards 1867
Naemorhedus goral Hardwicke 1825
Nemorhaedus goral Hardwicke 1825
Invalid names: Caprina Wagner 1844 [synonym], Kemas Ogilby 1837 [synonym], Urotragus Gray 1871 [synonym]
G. Ovibos Blainville 1816 [muskox]
+
Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann 1780 [muskox]
+
Invalid names: Ovibos proximus Bensley 1923 [synonym]
Ovibos yukonensis Gidley 1908
+
G. †Makapania Wells and Cooke 1957
+
Makapania broomi Wells and Cooke 1956
G. †Nitidarcus Vrba 1997
+
Nitidarcus asfawi Vrba 1997
+
Pseudois nayaur Hodgson 1833
Pseudois schaeferi Haltenorth 1963
G. Rupicapra de Blainville 1816
+
Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte 1845
Rupicapra rupicapra Linnaeus 1758 [chamois]
Invalid names: Naemorhedini [empty], Rupicaprini [empty]
G. †Criotherium Forsyth Major 1891
G. †Deperetia Schaub 1923
G. †Dorcadoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Dorcadoxa Pilgrim 1939
G. †Dystychoceras Kretzoi 1941
G. †Dytikodorcas Bouvrain and de Bonis 2007
+
Dytikodorcas longicornis Bouvrain and de Bonis 2007
G. †Eosyncerus Vekua 1972
G. †Euceratherium Furlong and Sinclair 1904 [shrub-ox]
+
Euceratherium americanum Gidley 1913
Euceratherium collinum Furlong and Sinclair 1904 [shrub ox]
+
Invalid names: Aftonius calvini Hay 1913 [synonym], Euceratherium bizzelli Stovall 1937 [synonym], Euceratherium collinum morrisi Schultz and Howard 1935 [invalid subgroup], Preptoceras sinclairi Furlong 1905 [synonym], Preptoceras sinclairi neomexicana Schultz and Howard 1935 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Aftonius Hay 1913 [synonym], Preptoceras Furlong 1905 [synonym]
G. †Gallogoral Guérin 1865
G. Gazella Blaineville 1816 [gazelle]
+
Gazella altidens Schlosser 1903
Gazella atlantica Bourguignat 1870
Gazella bennettii Sykes 1831
Gazella bondi Cooke and Wells 1951
Gazella cuvieri Ogilby 1841 [Cuvier's gazelle]
Gazella dorcadoides Schlosser 1903
Gazella dorcas Linnaeus 1758 [Dorcas gazelle]
Gazella dracula Geraads 1981
Gazella emilii Bouvrain 1998
Gazella gaudryi Schlosser 1904
Gazella gazella Pallas 1766
Gazella jenenschi Dietrich 1950
Gazella kohllarseni Dietrich 1950
Gazella leptoceros Cuvier 1842
Gazella lydekkeri Pilgrim 1937
Gazella marica Thomas 1897 [sand gazelle]
Gazella mytilinii Pilgrim 1926
Gazella palaeosinensis Schlosser 1903
Gazella paotehensis Teilhard de Chardin and Young 1931
Gazella pilgrimi Bohlin 1935
Gazella pomeli Arambourg 1979
Gazella praegaudryi Arambourg 1959
Gazella praethomsoni Arambourg 1947
Gazella psolea Geraads and Amani 1998
Gazella rufina Thomas 1894
Gazella saudilla Caruthers and Schwartz 1935
Gazella setifensis Pomel 1895
Gazella sinensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Gazella spekei Blythe 1863
Gazella subgutturosa Güldenstädt 1780
Gazella thomasi Pomel 1895
Gazella tingitana Arambourg 1957
G. †Gazellospira Pilgrim and Schaub 1939
G. †Gentrytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Gobiocerus Sokolov 1952
G. †Grevenobos Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
+
Grevenobos antiquus Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
G. †Hanhaicerus Huang 1985
+
Hanhaicerus qii Huang 1985
G. †Helicoportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Helicotragus Palmer 1903
+
Invalid names: Helicophora Weithofer 1889 [replaced]
G. †Hemibos Falconer 1865
+
Hemibos acuticornis Falconer and Cautley 1868
Hemibos antilopinus Falconer 1870
Hemibos gracilis Qiu et al. 2004
Hemibos occipitalis Falconer 1847
+
Invalid names: Hemibos triquetriceros Rutimeyer 1866 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphibos Falconer and Cautley 1868 [synonym], Peribos Lydekker 1878 [synonym], Probubalus Rütimeyer [objective synonym]
G. †Hemistrepsiceros Pilgrim and Hopwood 1928
G. †Hesperidoceras Crusafont Pairo 1965
G. †Hezhengia Qiu et al. 2000
+
Hezhengia bohlini Qiu et al. 2000
Subfm. †Hypsodontinae Köhler 1987
+
G. †Hypsodontus Sokolov 1949
G. †Kabulicornis Heintz and Thomas 1981
G. †Kobikeryx Pilgrim 1939
G. †Kubanotragus Gabunia 1973
G. †Leptobos Rutimeyer 1878
+
Leptobos falconeri Rutimeyer 1878
Leptobos syrticus Petrocchi 1956
G. †Leptotragus Bohlin 1936
G. †Linxiatragus Wang et al. 2023
+
Linxiatragus dengi Wang et al. 2023
G. †Liops Gidley 1906
G. †Lyrocerus Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Majoreas Kostopoulos 2004
G. †Megalovis Schaub 1924
G. †Mesembriacerus Bouvrain 1975
G. †Mesembriportax Gentry 1974
+
Mesembriportax acrae Gentry 1974
G. †Microtragus Andres 1926
G. †Miotragocerus Stromer 1928
+
Miotragocerus cyrenaicus Thomas 1979
Miotragocerus leskewitschi Borissiak 1914
Miotragocerus monacensis Stromer 1928
Miotragocerus pannoniae Kretzoi 1941
+
Moschiola meminna Erxleben 1777
G. †Namacerus Morales et al. 2003
+
Namacerus gariepensis Morales et al. 2003
G. Nesotragus von Duben 1846
+
Nesotragus batesi de Winton 1903 [bates' pygmy antelope]
Nesotragus moschatus Von Dueben 1846 [suni]
G. †Nisidorcas Bouvrain 1979
+
Nisidorcas planicornis Pilgrim 1939
Tr. †Oiocerini Pilgrim 1934
+
G. †Oioceros Gaillard 1902
+
Oioceros jiulongkouensis Chen and Wu 1976
Oioceros lishanensis Lee and Wu 1978
Oioceros noverca Pilgrim 1934
Oioceros proaries Schlosser 1904
Oioceros robustus Chen and Wu 1976
Oioceros stenocephalus Chen and Wu 1976
Oioceros tanyaceras Gentry 1970
Oioceros xiejiaensis Li and Qiu 1980
G. †Samodorcas Bouvrain and de Bonis 1985
G. †Samotragus Sickenberg 1936
+
Samotragus crassicornis Sickenberg 1936
Samotragus pilgrimi Azanza et al. 1998
G. †Olonbulukia Bohlin 1937
G. Oreamnos Rafinesque 1817 [mountain goat]
+
Oreamnos americanus Blainville 1816
+
Invalid names: Mazama dorsata Rafinesque 1817 [synonym], Ovis montanus Ord 1815 [synonym]
Oreamnos harringtoni Stock 1936
Invalid names: Aplocerus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Haplocerus Wagner 1844 [synonym]
G. †Oreonager Pomel 1895
G. †Orygotherium von Meyer 1838
+
Orygotherium escheri von Meyer 1838
G. †Pachygazella Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
G. †Pachyportax Pilgrim 1937
+
Pachyportax latidens Lydekker 1876
G. †Pachytragus Schlosser 1904
+
Pachytragus crassicornis Schlosser 1904
Pachytragus solignaci Robinson 1972
G. †Palaeoreas Gaudry 1861
+
Palaeoreas lindermayeri Wagner 1848
Palaeoreas sinensis Schlosser 1903
G. †Palaeoryx Gaudry 1861
+
Palaeoryx majori Schlosser 1904
Palaeoryx minor Vasileiadis et al. 2019
Palaeoryx pallasi Wagner 1857
G. †Paraprotoryx Bohlin 1935
G. †Paratragocerus Sokolov 1949
G. †Parurmiatherium Sickenberg 1932
G. †Perimia Pilgrim 1939
G. †Platybos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Pliotragus Kretzoi 1941
+
Pliotragus ardeus Deperet 1883
+
Invalid names: Hesperoceras merlae Villalta and Crusafont Pairó 1956 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hesperoceras Villalta and Crusafont Pairó 1956 [synonym]
G. †Praeovibos Staudinger 1908
+
Praeovibos priscus Staudinger 1908
G. †Proamphibos Pilgrim 1939
+
Proamphibos kashmiricus Pilgrim 1939
Proamphibos lachrymans Pilgrim 1939
G. †Procamptoceras Schaub 1923
G. †Procobus Khomenko 1913
G. †Prodamaliscus Schlosser 1904
+
Prodamaliscus gracilidens Schlosser 1904
G. †Proleptobos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Prosinotragus Bohlin 1935
G. †Prostrepsiceros Forsyth Major 1891
+
Prostrepsiceros houtumschindleri Rodler and Weithofer 1890
Prostrepsiceros houtumschindleri syridisi Kostopolous and Koufos 1996
Prostrepsiceros libycus Lehmann and Thomas 1987
G. †Protoryx Forsyth Major 1891
+
Protoryx capricornis Schlosser 1904
Protoryx carolinae Major 1891
G. †Protragelaphus Dames 1883
+
Protragelaphus zitteli Schlosser 1904
G. †Protragocerus Deperet 1887
+
Protragocerus chantrei Depéret 1887
Protragocerus labidotus Gentry 1970
G. †Pseudobos Schlosser 1903
+
Pseudobos gracilidens Schlosser 1903
G. †Pseudoeotragus van der Made 1989
+
Pseudoeotragus seegrabensis van der Made 1989
G. †Pseudotragus Schlosser 1904
+
Pseudotragus gentryi Thomas 1981
Pseudotragus parvidens Gaudry 1861
G. †Pultiphagonides Hopwood 1934
+
Pultiphagonides africanus Hopwood 1934
G. †Qurliqnoria Bohlin 1937
G. Rhynchotragus Neumann 1905 [bontebok]
+
Rhynchotragus kirkii Günther 1880 [Kirk's dik dik]
G. †Rhynotragus Reck 1925
+
Rhynotragus semiticus Reck 1925
G. †Ruticeros Pilgrim 1939
+
Ruticeros compressa Prasad 1974
G. Saiga Gray 1843 [saiga]
+
Saiga tatarica Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Saiga ricei Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Samokeros Solounias 1981
+
Samokeros minotaurus Solounias 1981
G. †Selenoportax Pilgrim 1937
+
Selenoportax falconeri Lydekker 1886
Selenoportax giganteus Akhtar 1995
Selenoportax tatrotensis Akhtar 1992
Selenoportax vexillarius Pilgrim 1937
G. †Shensispira Chiu et al. 1979
G. †Sinoreas Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinotragus Bohlin 1935
+
Sinotragus occidentalis Geraads et al. 2002
Sinotragus wimani Bohlin 1935
G. †Sivacapra Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivaceros Pilgrim 1937
+
Sivaceros gradiens Pilgrim 1939
Sivaceros vedicus Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivaportax Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivatragus Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivoryx Pilgrim 1939
+
Sivoryx cautleyi Pilgrim 1939
G. †Skoufotragus Kostopoulos 2009
+
Skoufotragus laticeps Andree 1926
Skoufotragus schlosseri Andree 1926
Skoufotragus zemalisorum Kostopoulos 2009
G. †Soergelia Schaub 1951
+
Soergelia mayfieldi Troxell 1915
+
Invalid names: Soergelia elisabethae Schaub 1951 [synonym]
G. †Spirocerus Boule and Teilhard de Jardin 1928
+
Spirocerus wongi Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
G. †Sporadotragus Kretzoi 1968
+
Sporadotragus parvidens Gaudry 1861
G. †Strepsiportax Pilgrim 1937
+
Strepsiportax gluten Pilgrim 1937
+
Invalid names: Helicoportax praecox Pilgrim 1937 [synonym], Strepsiportax chinjiensis Pilgrim 1937 [synonym]
G. †Strogulognathus Filhol 1890
G. †Tchaltacerus Bouvrain 1998
+
Tchaltacerus longicornis Bouvrain 1998
G. †Tethytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Toribos
G. †Torticornis Dmitrieva 1977
G. †Tossunnoria Bohlin 1937
G. †Tragocerus Gaudry 1861
+
Tragocerus gregarius Schlosser 1903
Tragocerus kokeni Schlosser 1903
Tragocerus spectabilis Schlosser 1903
Tragocerus sylvaticos Schlosser 1903
Tragocerus sylvaticus Schlosser 1903
G. †Tragoportax Pilgrim 1937
+
Tragoportax abyssinicus Haile-Selassie et al. 2009
Tragoportax amalthea Roth and Wagner 1854
Tragoportax cyrenaicus Thomas 1979
Tragoportax gaudryi Kretzoi 1941
Tragoportax macedoniensis Bouvrain 1988
Tragoportax rugosifrons Schlosser 1904
Tragoportax salmontanus Pilgrim 1937
G. †Tragoreas Schlosser 1908
+
Tragoreas oryxoides Schlosser 1904
G. †Tragospira Kretzoi 1954
G. †Tsaidamotherium Bohlin 1935
+
G. †Turritragus Abbazzi et al. 2008
+
Turritragus casteanensis Abbazzi et al. 2008
Subfm. †Urmiatheriinae Sickenberg 1933
+
G. †Lantiantragus Chen and Zhang 2004
+
Lantiantragus longirostralis Chen and Zhang 2004
G. †Plesiaddax Schlosser 1903
+
Plesiaddax depereti Schlosser 1903
G. †Shaanxispira Liu et al. 1978
+
Shaanxispira baheensis Zhang 2003
Shaanxispira chowi Liu et al. 1978
Shaanxispira linxiaensis SHI et al. 2014
G. †Turcocerus Kohler 1987
+
Turcocerus grangeri Pilgrim 1934
G. †Wellsiana Vrba 1987
+
Invalid names: Antilopina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Camelopardalina Gray 1825 [empty], Capra depressa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Capra reversa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Caprina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippotraginae Sundevall 1845 [empty], Peleinae Gray 1872 [empty], Tragelaphinae Jerdon 1874 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999f
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 33.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma

Collections (2040 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Mongolia (South Gobi Aimag) Bovidae indet. (137861)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4China (Nei Mongol) Hanhaicerus qii (174759)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Mongolia Bovidae gen. 1 (182121) Bovidae gen. 2, Bovidae sp. (75599) Bovidae sp. (180971)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Mongolia (Övörkhangai) Gobiocerus sp. (182076)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97Japan Bovidae indet. (183075)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97China (Qinghai) Oioceros xiejiaensis (34674)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mongolia Eotragus sp. (85060)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Spain (Castile-La Mancha) Eotragus artenensis (136269)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) Miotragocerus gaudryi (201499) Miotragocerus gaudryi, Gazella deperdita (201497 201500)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Pakistan Sivoreas eremita (35042)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France Antilope cristata (200296)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Bovidae indet. (22223) Bovidae indet., Antilopini indet., Antidorcas sp., Antidorcas australis, Kobus porrecticornis, Raphicerus sp., Connochaetes taurinus, Mesembriportax acrae, Gazella praethomsoni (22229) Damalacra acalla, Mesembriportax acrae (22232) Damalacra neanica, Parmularius angusticornis, Bovini indet., Taurotragus sp., Tragelaphus angasi, Tragelaphus strepsiceros (22224) Gazella sp. (22228) Oreotragus sp., Redunca sp., Damaliscus sp. (22220)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Mongolia Oioceros sp. (34487)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Tanzania Alcelaphini indet. (22150)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Pakistan (Punjab) Cervus latidens (232185)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Aepyceros sp. (22365) Alcelaphini indet. (22384) Bovidae indet. (22370 22373 22386) Bovidae indet., Aepyceros sp. (22371) Bovidae indet., Kobus sp. (22399) Kobus sp. (22385) Simatherium demissum (22390 22400 22418 22425 22462)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan Bibos geron (76868)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Tainan) Bibos geron (76866) Bibos sp. (76867)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Redunca ancystrocera, Gazella sp. (22230)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117Ethiopia Aepyceros sp., Tragelaphus sp., Gazella janenschi (22128)