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Perissodactylamorpha

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Perissodactylamorpha was named by Rose et al. (2020). It is extant.

It was assigned to Panperissodactyla by Rose et al. (2020).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2020Perissodactylamorpha Rose et al. p. 17

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
superorderPerissodactylamorpha

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Perissodactylamorpha Rose et al. 2020
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Or. Perissodactyla Owen 1848 [odd-toed ungulate]
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Fm. †Anthracobunidae Wells and Gingerich 1983
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G. †Anthracobune Pilgrim 1940
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†Anthracobune aijiensis Kumar 1991
†Anthracobune daviesi Pilgrim 1940
†Anthracobune pinfoldi Pilgrim 1940
+
Invalid names: Pilgrimella pilgrimi Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 [synonym]
†Anthracobune wardi Pilgrim 1940
G. †Ishatherium Sahni and Kumar 1980
+
†Ishatherium subathuensis Sahni and Kumar 1980
G. †Jozaria Wells and Gingerich 1983
+
†Jozaria palustris Wells and Gingerich 1983
G. †Lammidhania Gingerich 1977
G. †Obergfellia Cooper et al. 2014
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†Obergfellia occidentalis Cooper et al. 2014
G. †Pilgrimella Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Fm. †Brontotheriidae Marsh 1873 [brontothere]
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G. †Balochititanops Missiaen et al. 2011
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†Balochititanops haqi Missiaen et al. 2011
Subfm. †Brontotheriinae Marsh 1873
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G. †Acrotitan Ye 1983
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Tr. †Brontotheriini Marsh 1873
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Subtr. †Brontotheriina Marsh 1873
G. †Microtitan Granger and Gregory 1943
G. †Nanotitanops Qi and Beard 1998
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Invalid names: Nanotitan Qi and Beard 1996 [synonym]
Subtr. †Telmatheriina Osborn 1914
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Invalid names: Metatelmatheriinae Granger and Gregory 1943 [synonym]
G. †Bunobrontops Holroyd and Ciochon 2000
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†Bunobrontops savagei Holroyd and Ciochon 2000
G. †Desmatotitan Granger and Gregory 1943
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†Desmatotitan tukhumensis Granger and Gregory 1943
Tr. †Dolichorhinini Riggs 1912
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G. †Mesatirhinus Osborn 1908
G. †Sphenocoelus Osborn 1895
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Invalid names: Dolichorhinoides Granger and Gregory 1943 [synonym], Dolichorhinus Hatcher 1895 [synonym], Tanyorhinus Cook 1926 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhadinorhininae Osborn 1929 [synonym]
Unr. †Embolotheriita Osborn 1929
+
G. †Aktautitan Mihlbachler et al. 2004
G. †Brachydiastematherium Bockh and Maty 1876
G. †Embolotherium Osborn 1929
G. †Gnathotitan Granger and Gregory 1943
G. †Maobrontops Averianov et al. 2018
G. †Metatitan Granger and Gregory 1943
G. †Nasamplus Mihlbachler 2008
G. †Pollyosbornia Mihlbachler 2008
G. †Protembolotherium Yanovskaya 1954
G. †Pygmaetitan Miao 1982
G. †Metarhinus Osborn 1908
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†Metarhinus abbotti Riggs 1912
†Metarhinus diploconus Osborn 1895
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Invalid names: Rhadinorhinus abbotti Riggs 1912 [synonym]
†Metarhinus fluviatilis Osborn 1908
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Invalid names: Metarhinus riparius Riggs 1912 [synonym]
†Metarhinus pater Stock 1937
Invalid names: Heterotitanops Peterson 1914 [synonym], Metarhinus cristatus Riggs 1912 [nomen dubium], Metarhinus earlei Osborn 1908 [nomen dubium], Rhadinorhinus Riggs 1912 [synonym], Telmatherium accola Cook 1926 [nomen dubium], Telmatherium advocata Cook 1926 [nomen dubium]
G. †Protitanotherium Osborn 1908
+
+
Invalid names: Protitanotherium superbum Osborn 1908 [synonym], Sthenodectes australis Wilson 1977 [synonym]
Invalid names: Protitanotherium koreanicum Takai 1939 [nomen dubium]
G. †Telmatherium Marsh 1872
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†Telmatherium validum Marsh 1872
†Telmatherium validus Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Telmatherium cultridens Osborn et al. 1878 [synonym], Telmatherium manteoceras Osborn in Matthew 1899 [synonym], Telmatherium washakiensis Osborn 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Leurocephalus Osborn et al. 1878 [synonym], Manteoceras Hatcher 1895 [synonym], Telmatotherium Marsh 1872 [synonym]
G. †Danjiangia Wang 1995
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†Danjiangia lambdodon Bai et al. 2018
†Danjiangia pingi Wang 1995
Subfm. †Embolotheriinae Osborn 1929
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G. †Titanodectes Granger and Gregory 1943
Subfm. †Eotitanopinae Osborn 1913
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G. †Eotitanops Osborn 1907
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†Eotitanops borealis Cope 1880
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Invalid names: Eotitanops brownianus Cope 1881 [synonym], Eotitanops major Osborn 1913 [synonym], Eotitanops princeps Osborn 1913 [synonym]
†Eotitanops dayi Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
†Eotitanops gregoryi Osborn 1913
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Invalid names: Eotitanops minimus Osborn 1919 [synonym]
†Eotitanops pakistanensis Missiaen et al. 2011
G. †Lambdotherium Cope 1880
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+
Invalid names: Lambdotherium magnum Osborn 1919 [synonym], Lambdotherium primaevum Loomis 1907 [synonym], Lambdotherium priscum Osborn 1913 [synonym], Lambdotherium progressum Osborn 1913 [synonym]
G. †Metatelmatherium Granger and Gregory 1938
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†Metatelmatherium cristatum Granger and Gregory 1938
†Metatelmatherium ultimum Osborn 1908
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Invalid names: Manteoceras uintensis Douglass 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Metatelmatherium lahirii Pilgrim 1925 [nomen dubium], Metatelmatherium parvum Granger and Gregory 1943 [nomen dubium]
G. †Mulkrajanops Kumar and Sahni 1985
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†Mulkrajanops moghliensis Kumar and Sahni 1985
†Mulkrajanops mogliensis Kumar and Sahni 1985
G. †Pakotitanops West 1980
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Subfm. †Palaeosyopinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
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G. †Palaeosyops Leidy 1870
+
+
Invalid names: Eometarhinus huerfanensis Osborn 1919 [synonym]
†Palaeosyops junius Leidy 1873
†Palaeosyops manteoceras Osborn in Matthew 1899
†Palaeosyops paludosus Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Canis marshii Hay 1899 [synonym], Limnohyops matthewi Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops humilis Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops laevidens Cope 1873 [synonym], Palaeosyops longirostris Earle 1892 [synonym], Palaeosyops major Leidy 1871 [synonym], Palaeosyops minor Marsh 1871 [synonym], Palaeosyops minor Earle 1891 [synonym], Palaeosyops priscus Osborn 1908 [synonym]
†Palaeosyops robustus Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Palaeosyops copei Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops diaconus Cope 1873 [synonym], Palaeosyops grangeri Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops laticeps Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops leidyi Osborn 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eometarhinus Osborn 1919 [synonym], Limnohyops Marsh 1890 [synonym], Limnohyus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops ultimus Matthew 1897 [nomen nudum]
G. †Sivatitanops Pilgrim 1925
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†Sivatitanops cotteri Pilgrim 1925
Invalid names: Sivatitanops birmanicum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sthenodectes Gregory 1912
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†Sthenodectes incisivum Douglass 1909
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Invalid names: Sthenodectes priscus Peterson 1934 [synonym]
G. †Xylotitan Mihlbachler and Samuels 2016
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†Xylotitan cenosus Mihlbachler and Samuels 2016
Invalid names: Brontopinae Osborn 1914 [invalid subgroup], Epimanteoceratinae Granger and Gregory 1943 [empty], Menodontidae Cope 1881 [invalid subgroup], Titanotheriidae [synonym]
Fm. †Cambaytheriidae Bajpai et al. 2005
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G. †Kalitherium Bajpai et al. 2006
G. †Cambaytherium Bajpai et al. 2005
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†Cambaytherium gracilis Smith et al. 2016
†Cambaytherium marinus Bajpai et al. 2006
†Cambaytherium thewissi Bajpai et al. 2005
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Invalid names: Cambaytherium bidens Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Cambaytherium minor Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Indobune vastanensis Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Invalid names: Indobune Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Or. †Desmostylia Reinhart 1953 [desmostylian]
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G. †Behemotops Domning et al. 1986
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†Behemotops katsuiei Inuzuka 2000
†Behemotops proteus Domning et al. 1986
Or. †Desmostyloidea Abel 1933
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Fm. †Desmostylidae Osborn 1905
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G. †Ashoroa Inuzuka 2000
G. †Cornwallius Hay 1923
G. †Desmostylus Marsh 1888
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Invalid names: Desmostylella Nagao 1937 [synonym]
G. †Ounalashkastylus Chiba et al. 2016
G. †Vanderhoofius Reinhart 1959
Fm. †Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart 1959
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G. †Archaeoparadoxia Barnes 2013
G. †Neoparadoxia Barnes 2013
G. †Paleoparadoxia Reinhart 1959
Invalid names: Behemotopsinae Inuzuka 1987 [empty], Paleoparadoxiinae Reinhart 1959 [empty]
G. †Jamilcotatus Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
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†Jamilcotatus boreios Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
†Jamilcotatus kumiaica Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
G. †Kronokotherium Pronina 1957
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G. †Seuku Beatty and Cockburn 2015
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†Seuku emlongi Domning et al. 1986
Invalid names: Cornwalliidae Shikama 1966 [empty], Desmostyliformes Hay 1923 [synonym]
Superfm. Equoidea Hay 1902
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G. †Cymbalophus Hooker 1980
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†Cymbalophus cuniculus Owen 1842
†Cymbalophus hookeri Godinot et al. 1987
Fm. Equidae Gray 1821 [horse]
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Subfm. †Anchitheriinae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
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G. †Anchitherium von Meyer 1844
G. †Archaeohippus Gidley 1906
G. †Desmatippus Scott 1893
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Invalid names: Anchippus Leidy 1868 [synonym]
G. †Hypohippus Leidy 1858
G. †Kalobatippus Osborn 1915
G. †Megahippus McGrew 1938
G. †Mesohippus Marsh 1875
G. †Miohippus Marsh 1874
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Invalid names: Altippus Douglass 1908 [synonym], Pediohippus Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]
G. †Parahippus Leidy 1858
G. †Sinohippus Zhai 1962
Invalid names: Anchitherium australe Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium]
G. †Duchesnehippus Peterson 1932
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†Duchesnehippus intermedius Peterson 1932
G. †Eohippus Marsh 1876
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†Eohippus angustidens Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Eohippus validus Marsh 1876 [synonym], Hyracotherium cuspidatum Cope 1875 [synonym], Hyracotherium seekinsi Morris 1968 [synonym]
†Eohippus borealis Granger 1908
†Eohippus cristonensis Cope 1877
†Eohippus resartus Granger 1908
G. †Epihippus Marsh 1878
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Subg. †Epihippus (Duchesnehippus) Peterson 1932
Subg. †Epihippus (Epihippus) Stirton 1940
†Epihippus gracilis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Epihippus parvus Granger 1908 [synonym]
†Epihippus uintensis Marsh 1875
Subfm. Equinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
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G. †Acritohippus Kelly 1995
Tr. Equini Quinn 1955 [horse]
Tr. †Hipparionini Quinn 1955 [hipparionine horse]
G. †Merychippus Leidy 1856
G. †Scaphohippus Pagnac 2006
Invalid names: Calippini Quinn 1955 [empty], Hippodon Leidy 1854 [invalid subgroup], Hippotheriini Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Protohippini Quinn 1955 [empty], Stylonus Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
G. †Erihippus Bai et al. 2018
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†Erihippus tingae Bai et al. 2018
G. †Gobihippus Dashzeveg 1979
G. †Hipphaplus Ameghino 1882
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†Hipphaplous entrerianus Ameghino 1885
G. †Hyperhippidium Sefve 1910
G. †Hypohippidium Fernandez de Alvarez 1957
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†Hypohippidium humahuaquense Fernandez de Alvarez 1957
Subfm. †Hyracotheriinae Cope 1881
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G. †Haplohippus McGrew 1953
G. †Lophiopus Ellenberger 1980
G. †Minippus Froehlich 2002
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†Minippus index Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Hyracotherium sulcatus Gingerich 1989 [synonym], Orotherium loevii Cope 1877 [synonym]
†Minippus jicarillai Froehlich 2002
G. †Orohippus Marsh 1872
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†Orohippus agilis Marsh 1873
†Orohippus major Marsh 1874
†Orohippus progressus Granger 1908
†Orohippus proteros Korth and Evander 1982
†Orohippus pumilus Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Helotherium procyoninum Cope 1871 [synonym], Hyracotherium osbornianum Cope 1883 [synonym], Lophiotherium ballardi Marsh 1871 [synonym], Oligotomus cinctus Cope 1873 [synonym], Orohippus atavus Granger 1908 [synonym], Orohippus typicus Granger 1908 [synonym]
†Orohippus sylvaticus Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Orotherium uintanum Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Helohippus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Helotherium Cope 1872 [synonym], Oligotomus Cope 1873 [synonym], Orohippus (Aminippus) Granger 1908 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Plesiohipparion Qiu et al. 1987
G. †Pliolophus Owen 1858
+
†Pliolophus barnesi Hooker 2010
†Pliolophus quesnoyensis Bronnert et al. 2017
†Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen 1858
G. †Protorohippus Wortman 1896
+
†Protorohippus montanum Wortman 1896
G. †Sifrhippus Froehlich 2002
+
†Sifrhippus grangeri Gingerich 1989
†Sifrhippus sandrae Gingerich 1989
Invalid names: Arenahippus Froehlich 2002 [synonym]
G. †Sivalhippus Lydekker 1877
+
†Sivalhippus theobaldi Lydekker 1877
G. †Xenicohippus Bown and Kihm 1981
+
†Xenicohippus grangeri Bown and Kihm 1981
†Xenicohippus osborni Bown and Kihm 1981
Invalid names: Protohippinae Gidley 1907 [empty]
Fm. †Pachynolophidae Pavlow 1888
+
Subfm. †Plagiolophinae Remy 1976
+
G. †Metaplagiolophus Checa Soler 1993
Fm. †Palaeotheriidae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Cantabrotherium Casanova-Cladellas and Santafe-Llopis 1987
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†Cantabrotherium truyolsi Casanovas and Santafe 1987
G. †Eurohippus Franzen 2006
+
†Eurohippus messlense Haupt 1925
†Eurohippus parvulus Laurillard 1849
G. †Franzenium Casanovas and Santafe 1989
+
†Franzenium durense Cuesta 1993
†Franzenium tetradactylum Casanovas and Santafe 1989
G. †Hyracotherium Owen 1841
+
†Hyracotherium levei Hooker 1994
†Hyracotherium remyi Checa-Soler 1997
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Invalid names: Hyrachyus singularis Cope 1875 [synonym]
G. †Iberolophus Badiola and Cuesta 2008
+
†Iberolophus arabensis Badiola and Cuesta 2008
†Iberolophus jimenezi Badiola and Cuesta 2008
G. †Leptolophus Remy 1965
+
†Leptolophus cuestai Perales-Gogenola et al. 2021
†Leptolophus franzeni Perales-Gogenola et al. 2021
†Leptolophus magnus Remy 1998
†Leptolophus nouleti Remy 1998
†Leptolophus stehlini Remy 1965
G. †Orolophus Remy 2017
+
†Orolophus maldani Remy 2017
Invalid names: Orotherium Marsh 1872 [replaced]
Subfm. †Pachynolophinae Paulow 1877
+
Tr. †Anchilophini Remy 2012
G. †Bepitherium Checa and Colombo 2004
G. †Lophiotherium Marsh 1871
G. †Metanchilophus Remy 2012
G. †Pachynolophus Pomel 1847
G. †Propalaeotherium Gervais
G. †Qianohippus Miao 1982
Subfm. †Palaeotheriinae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Palaeotherium Cuvier 1804
G. †Plagiolophus Pomel 1847
G. †Paraplagiolophus Depéret 1917
G. †Propachynolophus Lemoine 1891
+
G. †Pseudopalaeotherium Franzen 1972
G. †Ghazijhippus Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
+
†Ghazijhippus talibhasani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Hallensia Franzen and Haubold 1986
+
†Hallensia louisi Hooker 1994
†Hallensia matthesi Franzen and Haubold 1986
Subor. †Lophodontomorpha Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
+
Infraor. †Euperissodactyla Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
+
Unr. †Hippomorpha
+
Fm. †Indolophidae Schoch 1984
Invalid names: Pachynolophoidea Pavlow 1888 [empty]
G. †Orientolophus Ting 1993
+
G. †Mesolambdolophus Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
+
†Mesolambdolophus setoni Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
G. †Nakusia Ginsburg et al. 1999
+
†Nakusia shahrigensis Ginsburg et al. 1999
G. †Paschatherium Russell 1963
+
†Paschatherium dolloi Teilhard de Chardin 1927
†Paschatherium levei Hooker and Russell 2012
†Paschatherium marianae Estravís and Russell 1992
†Paschatherium plaziati Marandat 1989
†Paschatherium russelli Godinot 1978
†Paschatherium yvettae Gheerbrant et al. 1997
G. †Perissobune Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
+
†Perissobune intizarkhani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
†Perissobune munirulhaqi Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Skopaiolophus Métais et al. 2006
+
†Skopaiolophus burmese Métais et al. 2006
Subor. †Solidungula Cuvier
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Fm. †Anchitheridae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
+
G. †Limnohyus Leidy 1872
Unr. Tapiromorpha Haeckel 1873
+
Unr. †Ancylopoda Cope 1889
+
Superfm. †Chalicotherioidea Gill 1872
+
Fm. †Chalicotheriidae Gill 1872 [chalicothere]
Fm. †Eomoropidae Matthew 1929
G. †Grangeria Zdansky 1930
Fm. †Lophiodontidae Gill 1872
G. †Protomoropus Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
+
†Protomoropus gabuniai Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
Invalid names: Artionychia Osborn and Wortman 1893 [empty], Lophiodontoidea [empty], Perissonychia Osborn and Wortman 1893 [empty]
G. †Cardiolophus Gingerich 1991
+
†Cardiolophus radinskyi Gingerich 1991
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Invalid names: Homogalax planeticus Gingerich 1980 [synonym]
Unr. †Ceratomorpha Wood 1937
+
G. †Breviodon Radinsky 1965
+
†Breviodon lumeiyiensis Huang and Qi 1982
G. †Fouchia Emry 1989
+
†Fouchia elyensis Emry 1989
G. †Karagalax Maas et al. 2001
+
†Karagalax mamikhelensis Maas et al. 2001
G. †Parabreviodon Reshetov 1975
Superfm. Rhinocerotoidea Gray 1821
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Fm. †Amynodontidae Scott and Osborn 1883
G. †Caenolophus Matthew and Granger 1925
+
Invalid names: Euryodon Xu et al. 1979 [synonym], Teilhardia Prothero and Schoch 1989 [synonym], Teilhardina Prothero and Schoch 1989 [synonym]
Fm. †Eggysodontidae Breuning 1923
G. †Ergilia Gromova 1952
Fm. †Hyrachyidae Osborn 1892
Fm. †Hyracodontidae Cope 1879
G. †Meschotherium Gabunia 1964
G. †Pakitherium Malkani et al. 2013
Fm. †Paraceratheriidae Osborn 1923
G. †Punjabitherium Khan 1971
Fm. Rhinocerotidae Gray 1821 [rhinoceros]
G. †Siamolophus Ducrocq et al. 2006
G. †Symphysorrhachis Belyaeva 1954
G. †Toxotherium Wood 1961
G. †Veragromovia Gabunia 1961
Invalid names: Huananodon You 1977 [nomen dubium]
G. †Schizotheroides Hough 1955
+
†Schizotheroides parvus Hough 1955
G. †Selenaletes Radinsky 1966
+
†Selenaletes scopaeus Radinsky 1966
Superfm. Tapiroidea Gill 1872
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G. †Cambaylophus Kapur and Bajpai 2015
Fm. †Deperetellidae Radinsky 1965
G. †Euryletes
G. †Haagella Heissig 1978
G. †Helaletes Marsh 1872
Fm. †Helaletidae Osborn 1892
G. †Heptodon Cope 1882
G. †Hesperaletes Colbert 2006
Fm. Tapiridae Gray 1821 [tapir]
G. †Thuliadanta Eberle 2005
Invalid names: Heptodontidae Holbrook 1999 [empty]
Invalid names: Deperetellidea Radinsky 1965 [empty], Lophialetidea Matthew and Granger 1925 [empty], Tapiridea Burnett 1830 [empty]
G. †Homogalax Hay 1899
+
†Homogalax aureus Gingerich 1991
†Homogalax namadicus Dashzeveg 1979
†Homogalax primaevus Wortman 1896
†Homogalax protapirinus Wortman 1896
†Homogalax wutuensis Chow and Li 1965
Fm. †Isectolophidae Peterson 1919
+
G. †Chowliia Tong and Wang 2006
+
†Chowliia europea Bronnert et al. 2019
†Chowliia laoshanensis Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Gandheralophus Missiaen and Gingerich 2012
+
†Gandheralophus minor Missiaen and Gingerich 2012
†Gandheralophus robustus Missiaen and Gingerich 2012
Subfm. †Isectolophinae Peterson 1919
+
G. †Schizolophodon Peterson 1919
G. †Meridiolophus Bai et al. 2014
+
†Meridiolophus expansus Bai et al. 2014
G. †Sastrilophus Sahni and Khare 1971
+
†Sastrilophus dehmi Sahni and Khare 1971
Invalid names: Homogalaxinae Peterson 1919 [empty], Systemodontinae Osborn and Wortman 1894 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Isectolophus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
†Isectolophus annectens Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Homogalax uintensis Troxell 1922 [synonym], Isectolophus scotti Peterson 1919 [synonym], Schizolophodon cuspidens Peterson 1919 [synonym]
†Isectolophus latidens Osborn et al. 1878
+
Invalid names: Homogalax bridgerensis Troxell 1922 [synonym], Homogalax reliquius Qi 1987 [synonym], Isectolophus bogdulensis Reshetov 1979 [synonym]
†Isectolophus radinskyi Schoch 1983
Invalid names: Parisectolophus Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Kalakotia Ranga Rao 1972
+
†Kalakotia simplicidentata Ranga Rao 1972
+
Invalid names: Chasmotherium mckennai Sahni and Khare 1973 [synonym], Schlosseria radinskyi Sahni and Khare 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aulaxolophus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophialetidae Matthew and Granger 1925
+
G. †Ampholophus Wang and Tong 1996
+
†Ampholophus luensis Wang and Tong 1996
G. †Eoletes Biryukov 1974
+
†Eoletes gracilis Biryukov 1974
†Eoletes tianshanicus Averianov and Godinot 2005
†Eoletes tshakpaktasensis Gabunia 1999
†Eoletes xianensis Zhang and Qi 1981
G. †Lophialetes Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Lophialetes expeditus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Minchenoletes Wang et al. 2011
+
†Minchenoletes erlianensis Wang et al. 2011
G. †Schlosseria Matthew and Granger 1926
+
†Schlosseria hetaoyuanensis Tong and Lei 1984
†Schlosseria magister Matthew and Granger 1926
+
Invalid names: Lophialetes primus Cheng and Ma 1990 [synonym], Simplaletes sujiensis Qi 1980 [synonym], Simplaletes ulanshirehensis Qi 1980 [synonym]
Invalid names: Simplaletes Qi 1980 [synonym]
G. †Zhongjianoletes Ye 1983
+
Invalid names: Eoletidae Shoch 1989 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Systemodon Cope 1881
+
†Systemodon tapirinus Cope 1875
+
Invalid names: Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman 1896 [synonym]
Invalid names: Breviodontidae [empty], Moropomorpha [synonym], Rhodopagidae [empty]
G. †Teilhardimys Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
†Teilhardimys brisswalteri Hooker and Russell 2012
†Teilhardimys musculus Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
Invalid names: Microhyus musculus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
†Teilhardimys reisi Antunes et al. 1987
Invalid names: Microhyus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
+
Superfm. †Brontotherioidea Marsh 1873
+
Invalid names: Lambdotheriidae Cope 1889 [empty]
Invalid names: Chelodactyla Scott 1913 [empty], Equina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippopotamus iravaticus Noetling 1897 [nomen dubium], Hyracotheriidae Cope 1881 [empty], Mesaxonia Marsh 1884 [empty], Rhinocerotida Owen 1845 [empty], Selenida McKenna and Bell 1997 [invalid subgroup], Stereopterna Ameghino 1889 [empty], Triplopodidae Cope 1881 [empty]
G. †Radinskya McKenna et al. 1989
+
†Radinskya yupingae McKenna et al. 1989
Invalid names: Anthracobunia Ginsburg et al. 1999 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. D. Rose et al. 2020We propose this new higher taxon to include conventional Peri- ssodactyla + Anthracobunia, the latter composed of Anthracobu- nidae and Cambaytheriidae (and possibly Desmostylia and Radinskya; see Phylogenetic Position of Cambaytherium, below), and we define it as the common ancestor of Anthracobu- nia and Perissodactyla, and all of its descendants, with the caveat that the intent is that Perissodactylamorpha should simply be a more inclusive taxon containing all taxa more closely related to Perissodactyla than to any other extant order. Defining Perisso- dactylamorpha in such a fashion, however, would make it synon- ymous with the definition of Panperissodactyla, which Welker et al. (2015) established to accommodate their results uniting litopterns and notoungulates with perissodactyls, based on col- lagen amino acid sequences. Assuming, as we think is likely, that anthracobunians are more closely related to perissodactyls than are litopterns and notoungulates, our provisional definition of Perissodactylamorpha would make it a subdivision of Panperissodactyla.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 kgs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: s = species, g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Legendre 1988, Ji et al. 2002

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 58.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (6559 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Spain (Catalunia) Paschatherium yvettae (182623)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Microhyus sp., Teilhardimys brisswalteri (68428) Paschatherium dolloi, Teilhardimys brisswalteri (87925) Teilhardimys brisswalteri (87943 137125)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Romania Paschatherium sp. (83307 138240 138241)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Spain (Cataluña) Paschatherium dolloi (79304 79307) Paschatherium dolloi, Microhyus musculus (79306) Paschatherium dolloi, Paschatherium sp., Microhyus musculus (79305)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8France (Oise) Teilhardimys musculus (166598)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8China (Nei Mongol) Perissodactyla indet. (133389)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Hallensia louisi (220832 220833 220835) Hyracotherium leporinum, Pliolophus vulpiceps, Microhyus musculus (35537)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Hyracotherium cuniculus, Microhyus musculus, Teilhardimys musculus (87950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Pakistan Nakusia shahrigensis (180564) Tapiroidea indet., Perissobune munirulhaqi (94599)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Deperetella ferganica (174761) Eoletes tianshanicus, Teleolophus medius, Lushiamynodon kirghisensis, Pataecops microdon, Rhodopagus minutissimus (28490)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Jammu and Kashmir) Mulkrajanops maghliensis (45588)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Equoidea indet. (68430)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Île-de-France) Hyracotherium leporinum (68437)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Himachal Pradesh) Ishatherium subathuensis (45584)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Cambaytherium gracilis (180565) Cambaytherium thewissi (180651) Cambaytherium thewissi, Cambaytherium gracilis (180566) Kalitherium marinus, Cambaytherium bidens, Indobune vastanensis, Cambaytherium minor, Cambaytherium thewissi, Cambaytherium sp. A, Cambaylophus vastanensis, Vastanolophus holbrooki (55494)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain (Lleida) Perissodactyla indet. (210711) Propachynolophus sp., Lophiodon sp. (142031)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Pakistan (Balochistan) Eotitanops pakistanensis, Balochititanops haqi (112723) Eotitanops pakistanensis, Balochititanops haqi, Litolophus ghazijensis, Lophialetidae indet., Perissobune munirulhaqi (112719) Eotitanops pakistanensis, Perissobune munirulhaqi (112721) Gandheralophus minor (87933) Gandheralophus robustus (179962) Ghazijhippus talibhasani (180562) Litolophus ghazijensis, Lophialetidae indet. (179963) Perissobune intizarkhani (180538 180539 180540 180542 180544 180545 180546 180547 180550 180552 180556 180559 180560) Perissobune intizarkhani, Ghazijhippus talibhasani (180537 180548 180553 180555 180558) Perissobune intizarkhani, Perissobune munirulhaqi (180541 180543 180549 180557) Perissobune intizarkhani, Perissobune munirulhaqi, Ghazijhippus talibhasani (180551 180554) Perissobune munirulhaqi (180561)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aisne) Hallensia louisi, Propachynolophus levei (220834)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Brabant) Hallensia louisi (220836) Hallensia sp. (174627) Paschatherium dolloi, Paschatherium yvetteae, Paschatherium sp. 1, Paschatherium sp. 2, Microhyus musculus, Teilhardimys musculus (35531)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Lophiaspis occitanicus (78236) Pachynolophus sp., Lophiaspis sp. (182641)