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Kentriodontidae

Mammalia - Cetacea - Kentriodontidae

Taxonomy

Kentriodontidae was named by Slijper (1936). It was considered paraphyletic by Geisler et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Odontoceti by Whitmore (1984), Carroll (1988), Benton (1993) and Geisler and Sanders (2003); to Delphinoidea by Barnes (1978), Barnes et al. (1985), Barnes (1985), Barnes (1988), de Muizon (1988), Fordyce and Barnes (1994), Fordyce et al. (1995), Ichishima et al. (1995), Dawson (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Rice (2002), Kazár et al. (2004), Gingerich (2005), Kazár (2005), Kazár (2006), Bianucci and Landini (2007), Foekens (2008), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Uhen et al. (2008), Rice (2009), Bianucci et al. (2011), Valerio and Laurito (2012), Kazár and Hampe (2014), Salinas-Marquez et al. (2014), Codrea et al. (2014), Aguirre-Fernández and Fordyce (2014) and Marx et al. (2016); to Delphinida by Goldin et al. (2011), Geisler et al. (2011), Berta (2017), Peredo et al. (2018), Kimura and Hasegawa (2019), Guo and Kohno (2021) and Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2022); and to Kentriodontoidea by Guo and Kohno (2023).

Subtaxa

Heterodelphis, Imerodelphis, Kampholophinae, Kampholophos, Kentriodon (syn. Grypolithax), Kentriodontinae, Lamprolithax, Lophocetinae, Microphocaena, Pithanodelphininae, Portheus patagonicus, Rudicetus, Wimahl

Synonyms

Portheus patagonicus was named by Ameghino (1901). It is not extant. Its type locality is Gran Bajo de San Julian, which is in an Aquitanian marginal marine siltstone/sandstone in the Monte Leon Formation of Argentina.

It was considered a nomen vanum by Cione and Cozzuol (1990).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1901	Portheus patagonicus Ameghino p. 80
1936	Kentriodontidae Slijper p. 556
1978	Kentriodontidae Barnes p. 3
1984	Kentriodontidae Whitmore p. 230
1985	Kentriodontidae Barnes p. 3
1985	Kentriodontidae Barnes et al. p. 25
1988	Kentriodontidae Barnes p. 8
1988	Kentriodontidae Carroll
1988	Kentriodontidae de Muizon p. 191
1993	Kentriodontidae Benton p. 762
1994	Kentriodontidae Fordyce and Barnes p. 429 figs. Table 1
1995	Kentriodontidae Fordyce et al. p. 379
1995	Kentriodontidae Ichishima et al. p. 487
1996	Kentriodontidae Dawson p. 132 figs. Table 2
1997	Kentriodontidae McKenna and Bell p. 388
1998	Kentriodontidae Rice
2001	Kentriodontidae Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2002	Kentriodontidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1
2003	Kentriodontidae Geisler and Sanders p. 28
2004	Kentriodontidae Kazár et al. p. 179
2005	Kentriodontidae Gingerich p. 237 figs. Table 15.1
2005	Kentriodontidae Kazár p. 54
2006	Kentriodontidae Kazár p. 276
2007	Kentriodontidae Bianucci and Landini p. 45 figs. Table 2.1
2008	Kentriodontidae Foekens p. 7 figs. Table 1
2008	Kentriodontidae Uhen et al. p. 587
2008	Kentriodontidae Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 198
2009	Kentriodontidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2011	Kentriodontidae Bianucci et al. p. 568
2011	Kentriodontidae Geisler et al. p. 29 figs. Figure 5
2011	Kentriodontidae Goldin et al. p. 38
2012	Kentriodontidae Valerio and Laurito p. 153
2014	Kentriodontidae Aguirre-Fernández and Fordyce p. 195
2014	Kentriodontidae Codrea et al. p. 17
2014	Kentriodontidae Kazár and Hampe p. 1217
2014	Kentriodontidae Salinas-Marquez et al. p. 149
2016	Kentriodontidae Marx et al. p. 134
2017	Kentriodontidae Berta p. 163
2018	Kentriodontidae Peredo et al. p. 2
2019	Kentriodontidae Kimura and Hasegawa
2021	Kentriodontidae Guo and Kohno p. 5
2022	Kentriodontidae Aguirre-Fernández et al. p. 4
2023	Kentriodontidae Guo and Kohno p. 5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Whippomorpha
order	Cetacea
—	Pelagiceti
—	Neoceti
suborder	Odontoceti
infraorder	Delphinida
family	Kentriodontidae
family	Kentriodontidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Kentriodontidae Slijper 1936

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G. †Heterodelphis Brandt 1873

†Heterodelphis croatica Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1892

†Heterodelphis klinderi Brandt 1873

†Heterodelphis leiodontus Papp 1905

G. †Imerodelphis Mchedlidze 1959

†Imerodelphis thabagarii Mchedlidze 1959

G. †Kampholophos Rensberger 1969

†Kampholophos serrulus Rensberger 1969

G. †Kentriodon Kellogg 1927

†Kentriodon diusinus Salinas-Marquez et al. 2014

†Kentriodon fuchsii Brandt 1873

†Kentriodon hobetsu Ichishima 1995

†Kentriodon hoepfneri Kazár and Hampe 2014

†Kentriodon nakajimai Kimura and Hasegawa 2019

†Kentriodon obscurus Kellogg 1931

Invalid names: Grypolithax pavida Kellogg 1931 [synonym]

†Kentriodon pernix Kellogg 1927

†Kentriodon schneideri Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008

†Kentriodon sugawarai Guo and Kohno 2021

Invalid names: Grypolithax Kellogg 1931 [synonym]

Subfm. †Kentriodontinae Slijper 1936

G. †Belonodelphis Muizon 1988

†Belonodelphis peruanus Muizon 1988

G. †Delphinodon Leidy 1869

†Delphinodon carniolicus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1892

G. †Incacetus Colbert 1944

†Incacetus broggii Colbert 1944

G. †Lamprolithax Kellogg 1931

†Lamprolithax annectens Kellogg 1931

†Lamprolithax simulans Kellogg 1931

G. †Microphocaena Kudrin and Tatarinov 1966

†Microphocaena podolica Kudrin and Tatarinov 1966

Subfm. †Pithanodelphininae Barnes 1985

G. †Leptodelphis Kirpichnikov 1954

†Leptodelphis stavropolitanus Kirpichnikov 1954

G. †Sarmatodelphis Kirpichnikov 1954

†Sarmatodelphis moldavicus Kirpichnikov 1954

G. †Sophianacetus Kazár 2006

†Sophianacetus commenticius Kazár 2005

Invalid names: Mediocris Kazár 2005 [replaced]

G. †Rudicetus Bianucci 2001

†Rudicetus squalodontoides Capellini 1878

G. †Wimahl Peredo et al. 2018

†Wimahl chinookensis Peredo et al. 2018

Invalid names: Kampholophinae Barnes 1978 [empty], Lophocetinae Barnes 1978 [empty], Portheus patagonicus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
Z. Guo and N. Kohno 2021	Differing from other delphinidan families and superfamilies (i.e., Delphinidae, Phocoenidae, Monodontidae, Lipotidae, and Inioidea) in displaying the following suite of derived character states: premaxillae are compressed mediolaterally at anterior part of the rostrum (Chr. 3), the mesorostral groove is constricted posteriorly, anterior to the nares and behind the level of the antorbital notch, then rapidly diverging anteriorly (Chr. 7), anterior edge of the supraorbital process is oriented anterolaterally, forming an angle between 35◦ and 60◦ (Chr. 50), the dorsolateral edge of internal opening of the infraorbital foramen is formed by the lacrimal or the jugal (Chr. 58), the infratemporal crest forms a well-defined curved ridge on the posterior edge of the sulcus for the optic nerve (Chr. 64), the premaxillary foramen is located medially (Chr. 72), the alisphenoid is broadly exposed laterally in the temporal fossa (Chr. 160), suture between both the palatines and the maxillae is straight transversely or bowed anteriorly (Chr. 179), the external auditory meatus is wide (Chr. 225), the basioccipital crests form an angle of approximately 15–40◦ in ventral view (Chr. 229), the hypoglossal foramen is separated from the jugular foramen or the jugular notch by thick bone (Chr. 231), most convex part of the pars cochlearis is on the ventrolateral surface (Chr. 283).
Z. Guo and N. Kohno 2023	It has the following derived characters: the pterygoids partially con- tacting each other in the anteroventral view (Character 183), the anterior process of periotic contact with the tympanic bulla anterior to the accessory ossicle but no clear fossa for the artic- ulation on the periotic (Character 245), the foramen singulare separated by the equal height partitions from the spiral cribiform tract and the proximal opening of the facial nerve canal (Character 264), the proximal opening of the facial nerve canal continuous with an anterior fis- sure (Character 266), and the angle between the anterior process of periotic and the anterior edge of pars cochlearis nearly 90 degrees, rectangular or semicircular pars cochlearis in ventral view (Character 277).