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Equoidea

Mammalia - Perissodactyla

Taxonomy
Equoidea was named by Hay (1902) [also attributed to Gray 1821]. It is extant. Its type is Equus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hippomorpha by Froehlich (2002).

It was assigned to Perissodactyla by Hay (1902); to Hippomorpha by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Hippomorpha by Bernor (1985), Carroll (1988) and Hooker (1994); to Hippomorpha by Hooker and Dashzeveg (2004); and to Perissodactyla by Hooker (1986), Astibia et al. (2000), Remy (2000), Badiola et al. (2002), Franzen (2006) and Remy (2012).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1902Equoidea Hay p. 608
1985Equoidea Bernor
1986Equoidea Hooker p. 343
1988Equoidea Carroll
1989Equoidea Prothero and Schoch p. 531
1994Equoidea Hooker
2000Equoidea Astibia et al. p. 242
2000Equoidea Remy p. 490
2002Equoidea Badiola et al. p. 842
2004Equoidea Hooker and Dashzeveg p. 1379
2006Equoidea Franzen
2012Equoidea Remy

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
superfamilyEquoidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Equoidea Hay 1902
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G. †Cymbalophus Hooker 1980
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†Cymbalophus cuniculus Owen 1842
†Cymbalophus hookeri Godinot et al. 1987
Fm. Equidae Gray 1821 [horse]
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Subfm. †Anchitheriinae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
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G. †Anchitherium von Meyer 1844
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Subg. †Anchitherium (Hypohippus) Leidy 1858
Subg. †Anchitherium (Parahippus) Leidy 1858
†Anchitherium clarencei Simpson 1932
†Anchitherium hypohippoides Matsumoto 1924
†Anchitherium zitteli Schlosser 1903
G. †Archaeohippus Gidley 1906
+
+
Invalid names: Archaeohippus nanus Simpson 1932 [synonym], Parahippus minutalis Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Archaeohippus mannulus O'Sullivan 2003
†Archaeohippus minimus Douglass 1899
†Archaeohippus mourningi Merriam 1913
†Archaeohippus penultimus Matthew 1924
†Archaeohippus ultimus Cope 1886
G. †Desmatippus Scott 1893
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†Desmatippus avus Marsh 1874
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Invalid names: Anchippus brevidens Marsh 1874 [synonym]
†Desmatippus crenidens Scott 1893
†Desmatippus integer Matthew 1924
†Desmatippus nebrascensis Peterson 1907
†Desmatippus texanus Leidy 1868
†Desmatippus tyleri Loomis 1908
Invalid names: Anchippus Leidy 1868 [synonym]
G. †Hypohippus Leidy 1858
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†Hypohippus affinis Leidy 1858
†Hypohippus chico MacFadden 1982
†Hypohippus equinus Scott 1893
†Hypohippus nevadensis Merriam 1913
†Hypohippus osborni Gidley 1907
†Hypohippus pertinax Matthew 1918
Invalid names: Hypohippus (Drymohippus) Merriam 1913 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kalobatippus Osborn 1915
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†Kalobatippus agatensis Osborn 1918
†Kalobatippus australis Leidy 1873
†Kalobatippus avus Schlaikjer 1935
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Invalid names: Kalobatippus gracilis Marsh 1892 [synonym]
G. †Megahippus McGrew 1938
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†Megahippus matthewi Barbour 1914
†Megahippus mckennai Tedford and Alf 1962
G. †Mesohippus Marsh 1875
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†Mesohippus bairdi Leidy 1850
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Invalid names: Mesohippus hypostylus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus viejensis Clark and Beerbower 1967 [synonym]
†Mesohippus barbouri Schlaikjer 1931
†Mesohippus celer Marsh 1874
†Mesohippus exoletus Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Mesohippus trigonostylus Osborn 1918 [synonym]
†Mesohippus latidens Douglass 1903
†Mesohippus propinquus Lambe 1905
†Mesohippus texanus McGrew 1971
†Mesohippus westoni Cope 1889
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Invalid names: Mesohippus montanensis Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus praecocidens Lambe 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesohippus cuneatus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium]
G. †Miohippus Marsh 1874
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†Miohippus anceps Marsh 1874
†Miohippus annectens Marsh 1874
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Invalid names: Miohippus crassicuspis Osborn 1904 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Mesohippus planidens Lambe 1905 [synonym]
†Miohippus condoni Leidy 1870
†Miohippus equiceps Cope 1878
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Invalid names: Anchitherium brachylophum Cope 1878 [synonym], Mesohippus acutidens Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
†Miohippus equinanus Osborn 1918
†Miohippus gemmarosae Osborn 1918
†Miohippus gidleyi Osborn 1904
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Invalid names: Mesohippus grallipes Sinclair 1925 [synonym], Miohippus validus Osborn 1904 [synonym]
†Miohippus grandis Clark and Beerbower 1967
†Miohippus intermedius Osborn and Wortman 1895
†Miohippus obliquidens Osborn 1904
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Invalid names: Mesohippus brachystylus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus eulophus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus meteulophus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Pediohippus antiquus Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]
†Miohippus primus Osborn 1918
†Miohippus quartus Osborn 1918
†Miohippus taxus Douglass 1908
Invalid names: Altippus Douglass 1908 [synonym], Anchitherium longicristis Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Pediohippus Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]
G. †Parahippus Leidy 1858
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†Parahippus agrestis Leidy 1873
†Parahippus atavus Osborn 1918
†Parahippus cognatus Leidy 1858
†Parahippus coloradensis Gidley 1907
†Parahippus leonensis Sellards 1916
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Invalid names: Merychippus socius Hay 1924 [synonym], Parahippus barbouri White 1942 [synonym], Parahippus vellicans Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Parahippus maxsoni Jahns 1940
†Parahippus pawniensis Gidley 1907
†Parahippus pristinus Osborn 1918
†Parahippus wyomingensis Schlaikjer 1935
G. †Sinohippus Zhai 1962
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†Sinohippus sampelayoi Villalta and Crusafont 1945
Invalid names: Anchitherium australe Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium]
G. †Duchesnehippus Peterson 1932
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†Duchesnehippus intermedius Peterson 1932
G. †Eohippus Marsh 1876
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†Eohippus angustidens Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Eohippus validus Marsh 1876 [synonym], Hyracotherium cuspidatum Cope 1875 [synonym], Hyracotherium seekinsi Morris 1968 [synonym]
†Eohippus borealis Granger 1908
†Eohippus cristonensis Cope 1877
†Eohippus resartus Granger 1908
G. †Epihippus Marsh 1878
+
Subg. †Epihippus (Duchesnehippus) Peterson 1932
Subg. †Epihippus (Epihippus) Stirton 1940
†Epihippus gracilis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Epihippus parvus Granger 1908 [synonym]
†Epihippus uintensis Marsh 1875
Subfm. Equinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
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G. †Acritohippus Kelly 1995
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†Acritohippus isonesus Cope 1889
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Invalid names: Merychippus praecocidens Russell 1933 [synonym]
†Acritohippus quinni Kelly 1995
†Acritohippus stylodontus Merriam 1919
†Acritohippus tertius Osborn 1918
Tr. Equini Quinn 1955 [horse]
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G. †Allohippus Kretzoi 1938
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†Allohippus stenonis Cocchi 1867
G. †Boreohippidion Dos Santos Avilla et al. 2015
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†Boreohippidion galushai MacFadden and Skinner 1979
G. †Calippus Matthew and Stirton 1930
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Subg. †Calippus (Calippus) Matthew and Stirton 1930
Subg. †Calippus (Grammohippus) Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Calippus cerasinus Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Calippus circulus Quinn 1955
†Calippus elachistus Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Calippus hondurensis Olson and McGrew 1941
+
Invalid names: Calippus castilli Cope 1886 [synonym]
†Calippus maccartyi Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Calippus martini Hesse 1936
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Invalid names: Equus laparensis Quinn 1955 [synonym]
†Calippus placidus Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Calippus optimus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
†Calippus proplacidus Osborn 1918
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Invalid names: Calippus francisi Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Calippus regulus Johnston 1937
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Invalid names: Calippus anatinus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
G. †Dinohippus Quinn 1955
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†Dinohippus leardi Drescher 1941
†Dinohippus leidyanus Osborn 1918
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Invalid names: Pliohippus edensis Frick 1921 [synonym]
†Dinohippus mexicanus Lance 1950
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Invalid names: Equus (Dolichohippus) mesamexicanus Mooser 1973 [synonym], Hippotigris ocotensis Mooser 1958 [synonym], Protohippus muelleri Mooser 1964 [synonym]
†Dinohippus osborni Frick 1921
†Dinohippus spectans Cope 1880
†Dinohippus subvenus Quinn 1955
G. Equus Linnaeus 1758 [horse]
+
Subg. Equus (Hemionus) Stehlin and Graziosi 1935
Subg. †Equus (Hesperohippus) Hibbard 1955
Subg. †Equus (Sussemionus) Eisenmann 2010
Equus africanus Heuglin and Fitzinger 1866 [African wild ass]
†Equus alaskae Winans 1989
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Invalid names: Equus lambei Hay 1917 [synonym]
Equus asinus Linnaeus 1758 [donkey]
†Equus australis Moreno 1888
Equus caballus Linnaeus 1758 [horse]
+
Invalid names: Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus Lund 1840 [synonym], Equus hippagrus Smith 1841 [synonym]
†Equus calobatus Troxell 1915
†Equus capensis Broom 1909
†Equus cedralensis Alberdi et al. 2014
†Equus coliemensis Lazarev 1980
†Equus complicatus Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Equus americanus Leidy 1847 [replaced], Equus eous Cope 1895 [synonym], Equus major DeKay 1842 [synonym]
†Equus conversidens Owen 1869
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Invalid names: Equus barcenaei Cope 1884 [synonym], Onager zoyatalis Mooser 1959 [synonym]
†Equus eisenmannae Qiu et al. 2004
†Equus excelsus Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Asinus aguascalentensis Mooser 1959 [synonym], Onager arellanoi Mooser 1959 [synonym], Onager hibbardi Mooser 1959 [synonym]
†Equus francisci Hay 1915
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Invalid names: Equus (Asinus) calobatus Troxell 1915 [synonym], Equus arrelanoi Mooser 1958 [synonym], Equus quinni Slaughter et al. 1962 [synonym]
†Equus fraternus Leidy 1858
†Equus fromanius Repenning et al. 1995
†Equus giganteus Gidley 1901
†Equus holmesi Hay 1920
†Equus intermedius Rütimeyer 1877
†Equus intermedius Cope 1895
†Equus jubatus Hay 1927
†Equus laurentius Hay 1913
†Equus mexicanus Hibbard 1955
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Invalid names: Equus occidentalis Leidy 1865 [synonym], Equus pacificus Leidy 1868 [synonym], Equus scotti Gidley 1900 [synonym]
†Equus nalaikhaensis Kuznetsova and Zhegallo 1996
†Equus nearcticus Blake 1863
†Equus nevadanus Hay 1927
†Equus niobrarensis Hay 1913
+
Invalid names: Equus hatcheri Hay 1915 [synonym]
†Equus nobisi Pichardo 2004
†Equus pectinatus Cope 1901
Equus przewalskii Poliakov 1881 [Przewalski's horse]
†Equus pseudaltidens Hulbert, Jr. 1995
+
Invalid names: Onager altidens Quinn 1957 [replaced]
Equus quagga Boddaert 1785 [plains zebra]
†Equus sanmeniensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Equus santaeelenae Spillmann 1938
†Equus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1849
†Equus tabeti Arambourg 1970
†Equus yunnanensis Colbert 1940
Equus zebra Linnaeus 1758 [mountain zebra]
Invalid names: Allozebra Trumler 1961 [synonym], Asinus Gray 1822 [synonym], Asinus africanus aegyptiacus Heuglin and Fitzinger 1866 [synonym], Dolichohippus Heller 1912 [synonym], Equus (Amerhippus) Hoffstetter 1950 [invalid subgroup], Equus (Parastilidequus) Mooser and Dalquest 1975 [invalid subgroup], Equus leidyi Hay 1913 [nomen vanum], Equus parastylidens Mooser 1959 [nomen dubium], Equus semiplicatus Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Equus taeniopus Heuglin 1861 [nomen dubium], Haringtonhippus Heintzman et al. 2017 [synonym], Hippotherium princeps Leidy 1890 [nomen dubium], Hippotigris Hamilton-Smith 1841 [synonym], Kolpohippus van Hoepen 1930 [synonym], Kraterohippus van Hoepen 1930 [synonym], Neohippus Abel 1913 [synonym], Onager Brisson 1762 [synonym], Sterrohippus van Hopen 1930 [synonym], Tomolabis Cope 1892 [synonym]
G. †Heteropliohippus Kelly 1995
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G. †Hippidion Owen 1869
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†Hippidion angulatus Ameghino 1889
†Hippidion devillei Gervais 1855
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Invalid names: Onohippidium bolivianum Philippi 1893 [synonym]
†Hippidion principale Lund 1846
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Invalid names: Onohippidium munizi Moreno 1891 [synonym]
†Hippidion saldiasi Roth 1899
Subg. †Hippidium (Plagiohippus) Ameghino 1908
†Hippidium bonaerense Ameghino 1907
†Hippidium entrerianum Ameghino 1886
†Hippidium principale Lund 1846
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Invalid names: Hippidion compressidens Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Onohippidium Moreno 1891 [synonym], Parahipparion Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Parapliohippus Kelly 1995
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†Parapliohippus carrizoensis Dougherty 1940
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Invalid names: Merychippus tehachapiensis Buwalda and Lewis 1955 [synonym]
G. †Plesippus Matthew 1924
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†Plesippus francescana Frick 1921
†Plesippus idahoensis Merriam 1918
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Invalid names: Equus achates Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Equus pons Quinn 1958 [synonym], Equus shoshonensis Gidley 1930 [synonym], Equus tau Owen 1869 [synonym]
Subtr. Pliohippina Prado and Alberdi 1996
+
G. †Astrohippus Stirton 1940
G. †Pliohippus Marsh 1874
+
Subg. †Pliohippus (Astrohippus) Stirton 1940
Subg. †Pliohippus (Pliohippus) Stirton 1940
†Pliohippus bakeri Azzaroli 1988
†Pliohippus coalingensis Merriam 1914
†Pliohippus fossulatus Cope 1893
+
Invalid names: Protohippus pachyops Cope 1893 [synonym]
†Pliohippus mirabilis Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Merychippus campestris Gidley 1907 [synonym]
†Pliohippus nobilis Osborn 1918
†Pliohippus pernix Marsh 1874
+
Invalid names: Pliohippus lullianus Troxell 1916 [synonym], Pliohippus robustus Marsh 1874 [synonym]
†Pliohippus potosinus Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 2014
†Pliohippus tantalus Merriam 1913
+
Invalid names: Pliohippus fairbanksi Merriam 1915 [synonym]
†Pliohippus tehonensis Merriam 1915
Invalid names: Pliohippus gracilis Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Protohippus Leidy 1858
+
Subg. †Protohippus (Calippus) Matthew and Stirton 1930
†Protohippus gidleyi Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Protohippus parvulus Marsh 1868
†Protohippus perditus Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Eoequus wilsoni Quinn 1955 [synonym], Protohippus profectus Cope 1889 [synonym]
†Protohippus supremus Leidy 1869
+
Invalid names: Hippotigris clarendonensis Quinn 1955 [synonym], Hippotigris parastylus Quinn 1955 [synonym], Hippotigris sellardsi Quinn 1955 [synonym], Protohippus simus Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Protohippus tantalus Merriam 1913
†Protohippus vetus Quinn 1955
Invalid names: Eoequus Quinn 1955 [synonym], Protohippus medius Cope 1892 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Equus proversus Merriam 1916 [nomen dubium], Protohippina Quinn 1955 [empty]
Tr. †Hipparionini Quinn 1955 [hipparionine horse]
+
G. †Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden 1977
+
Subg. †Cormohipparion (Cormohipparion) Hulbert 1988
†Cormohipparion emsliei Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Cormohipparion fricki Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion goorisi MacFadden and Skinner 1981
+
Invalid names: Protohippus lenticularis Cope 1893 [synonym]
†Cormohipparion johnsoni Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion matthewi Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion merriami Woodburne 2007
+
Invalid names: Hipparion mohavense Merriam 1913 [synonym], Hipparion mohavense callodonte Merriam 1915 [synonym], Hipparion platystyle Merriam 1915 [synonym]
†Cormohipparion quinni Woodburne 1996
†Cormohipparion skinneri Woodburne 2007
G. †Eurygnathohippus Van Hoepen 1930
+
†Eurygnathohippus afarense Eisenmann 1976
†Eurygnathohippus baardi Bone and Singer 1965
†Eurygnathohippus cornelianus van Hoepen 1930
†Eurygnathohippus hasumense Eisenmann 1983
†Eurygnathohippus namaquense Haughton 1932
†Eurygnathohippus turkanense Hooijer and Maglio 1974
Invalid names: Notohipparion Haughton 1932 [synonym]
G. †Hipparion de Christol 1832
+
Subg. †Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) Sefve 1927
†Hipparion campbelli Bernor 1985
†Hipparion chiai Liu et al. 1978
†Hipparion concudense Pirlot 1956
†Hipparion condoni Merriam 1915
†Hipparion crassum Gervais 1859
†Hipparion depereti Sondaar 1974
+
Invalid names: Hipparion gracile Guerin and Mein 1971 [synonym]
†Hipparion dietrichi Wehrli 1941
†Hipparion fissurae Crusafont and Sondaar 1971
†Hipparion forcei Richey 1948
†Hipparion gettyi Bernor 1985
†Hipparion gromovae Villalta and Crusafont 1957
†Hipparion laromae Pesquero et al. 2006
†Hipparion longipes Gromova 1952
†Hipparion macedonicum Koufos 1984
†Hipparion matthewi Abel 1926
†Hipparion mediterraneum Roth and Wagner 1855
†Hipparion minus Pavlow 1890
†Hipparion molayanense Zouhri 1992
†Hipparion periafricanum Villalta and Crusafont 1957
†Hipparion phlegrae Lazaridis and Tsoukala 2014
†Hipparion prostylum Gervais 1849
+
Invalid names: Hipparion diplostylum Gervais 1849 [synonym], Hipparion mesostylum Gervais 1849 [synonym]
†Hipparion richthofeni Koken 1885
†Hipparion rocinantis Hernández Pacheco 1921
†Hipparion shirleyae MacFadden 1984
†Hipparion tehonense Merriam 1916
†Hipparion theniusi Melentis 1969
†Hipparion weihoense Liu et al. 1978
Invalid names: Hemihipparion Wehrli 1941 [synonym], Hipparion sellardsi Matthew and Stirton 1930 [nomen nudum], Hipparion sitifense Pomel 1897 [nomen dubium], Hipparitherium Christol 1847 [synonym], Stylohipparion van Hoepen 1932 [synonym]
G. †Hippotherium Kaup 1832
+
†Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829
G. †Nannippus Matthew 1926
+
†Nannippus aztecus Mooser 1968
+
Invalid names: Hipparion minus Sellards 1916 [synonym]
†Nannippus beckensis Dalquest and Donovan 1973
†Nannippus morgani Hulbert, Jr. 1993
+
Invalid names: Equus minutus Cope 1893 [synonym], Equus phlegon Hay 1899 [synonym], Hipparion cragini Hay 1917 [synonym], Nannippus hesperides Mooser 1968 [synonym], Nannippus montezumae Leidy 1882 [synonym]
†Nannippus westoni Simpson 1930
G. †Neohipparion Gidley 1903
+
†Neohipparion affine Leidy 1869
+
Invalid names: Hippotherium speciosum Leidy 1854 [synonym], Neohipparion dolichops Gidley 1906 [synonym], Neohipparion whitneyi Gidley 1903 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Hippotherium rectidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion floresi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion molle Merriam 1915 [synonym], Neohipparion monias Mooser 1963 [synonym], Neohipparion otomii Mooser 1959 [synonym], Neohipparion phosphorum Simpson 1930 [synonym]
†Neohipparion gidleyi Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion leptode Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion trampasense Edwards 1982
Invalid names: Hesperohipparion Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Neohipparion sanjuanensis Frick 1933 [nomen nudum]
G. †Pseudhipparion Ameghino 1904
+
†Pseudhipparion gratum Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Neohipparion niobrarense Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Pseudhipparion hessei Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion simpsoni Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion skinneri Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
Invalid names: Griphippus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipparion anthonyi Merriam 1916 [nomen dubium], Hippotherium sinclairi Wortman 1882 [nomen dubium]
G. †Merychippus Leidy 1856
+
Subg. †Merychippus (Merychippus) Stirton 1940
+
Invalid names: Merychippus (Merychippus) coalingensis Clark 1921 [nomen nudum]
Subg. †Merychippus (Protohippus) Leidy 1858
+
†Merychippus californicus Merriam 1915
†Merychippus coloradense Osborn 1918
+
Invalid names: Hipparion sanfondensis Frick 1933 [synonym]
†Merychippus eohipparion Osborn 1918
†Merychippus eoplacidus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus gunteri Simpson 1930
†Merychippus insignis Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Merychippus paniensis Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Merychippus labrosus Cope 1874
†Merychippus missouriensis Douglass 1908
†Merychippus patruus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus primus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus proparvulus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus quintus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus relictus Cope 1889
†Merychippus republicanus Osborn 1918
†Merychippus sejunctus Cope 1874
†Merychippus seversus Cope 1878
†Merychippus stevensi Dougherty 1940
Invalid names: Merychippus isonesus secundus Osborn 1918 [nomen vanum], Merychippus quartus Osborn 1918 [nomen vanum]
G. †Scaphohippus Pagnac 2006
+
†Scaphohippus sumani Merriam 1915
+
Invalid names: Merychippus stylodus Merriam 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Calippini Quinn 1955 [empty], Hippodon Leidy 1854 [invalid subgroup], Hippotheriini Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Protohippini Quinn 1955 [empty], Stylonus Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
G. †Erihippus Bai et al. 2018
+
†Erihippus tingae Bai et al. 2018
G. †Gobihippus Dashzeveg 1979
G. †Hipphaplus Ameghino 1882
+
†Hipphaplous entrerianus Ameghino 1885
G. †Hyperhippidium Sefve 1910
G. †Hypohippidium Fernandez de Alvarez 1957
+
†Hypohippidium humahuaquense Fernandez de Alvarez 1957
Subfm. †Hyracotheriinae Cope 1881
+
G. †Haplohippus McGrew 1953
+
†Haplohippus texanus McGrew 1953
G. †Lophiopus Ellenberger 1980
G. †Minippus Froehlich 2002
+
†Minippus index Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Hyracotherium sulcatus Gingerich 1989 [synonym], Orotherium loevii Cope 1877 [synonym]
†Minippus jicarillai Froehlich 2002
G. †Orohippus Marsh 1872
+
†Orohippus agilis Marsh 1873
†Orohippus major Marsh 1874
†Orohippus progressus Granger 1908
†Orohippus proteros Korth and Evander 1982
†Orohippus pumilus Marsh 1871
+
Invalid names: Helotherium procyoninum Cope 1871 [synonym], Hyracotherium osbornianum Cope 1883 [synonym], Lophiotherium ballardi Marsh 1871 [synonym], Oligotomus cinctus Cope 1873 [synonym], Orohippus atavus Granger 1908 [synonym], Orohippus typicus Granger 1908 [synonym]
†Orohippus sylvaticus Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Orotherium uintanum Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Helohippus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Helotherium Cope 1872 [synonym], Oligotomus Cope 1873 [synonym], Orohippus (Aminippus) Granger 1908 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Plesiohipparion Qiu et al. 1987
G. †Pliolophus Owen 1858
+
†Pliolophus barnesi Hooker 2010
†Pliolophus quesnoyensis Bronnert et al. 2017
†Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen 1858
G. †Protorohippus Wortman 1896
+
†Protorohippus montanum Wortman 1896
G. †Sifrhippus Froehlich 2002
+
†Sifrhippus grangeri Gingerich 1989
†Sifrhippus sandrae Gingerich 1989
Invalid names: Arenahippus Froehlich 2002 [synonym]
G. †Sivalhippus Lydekker 1877
+
†Sivalhippus theobaldi Lydekker 1877
G. †Xenicohippus Bown and Kihm 1981
+
†Xenicohippus grangeri Bown and Kihm 1981
†Xenicohippus osborni Bown and Kihm 1981
Invalid names: Protohippinae Gidley 1907 [empty]
Fm. †Pachynolophidae Pavlow 1888
+
Subfm. †Plagiolophinae Remy 1976
+
G. †Metaplagiolophus Checa Soler 1993
+
†Metaplagiolophus atoae Checa Soler 1993
Fm. †Palaeotheriidae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Cantabrotherium Casanova-Cladellas and Santafe-Llopis 1987
+
†Cantabrotherium truyolsi Casanovas and Santafe 1987
G. †Eurohippus Franzen 2006
+
†Eurohippus messlense Haupt 1925
†Eurohippus parvulus Laurillard 1849
G. †Franzenium Casanovas and Santafe 1989
+
†Franzenium durense Cuesta 1993
†Franzenium tetradactylum Casanovas and Santafe 1989
G. †Hyracotherium Owen 1841
+
†Hyracotherium levei Hooker 1994
†Hyracotherium remyi Checa-Soler 1997
+
Invalid names: Hyrachyus singularis Cope 1875 [synonym]
G. †Iberolophus Badiola and Cuesta 2008
+
†Iberolophus arabensis Badiola and Cuesta 2008
†Iberolophus jimenezi Badiola and Cuesta 2008
G. †Leptolophus Remy 1965
+
†Leptolophus cuestai Perales-Gogenola et al. 2021
†Leptolophus franzeni Perales-Gogenola et al. 2021
†Leptolophus magnus Remy 1998
†Leptolophus nouleti Remy 1998
†Leptolophus stehlini Remy 1965
G. †Orolophus Remy 2017
+
†Orolophus maldani Remy 2017
Invalid names: Orotherium Marsh 1872 [replaced]
Subfm. †Pachynolophinae Paulow 1877
+
Tr. †Anchilophini Remy 2012
+
G. †Anchilophus Gervais 1852
+
Subg. †Anchilophus (Anchilophus) Gervais 1852
Subg. †Anchilophus (Paranchilophus) Casanovas and Santafé 1989
Invalid names: Anchilophus lusitanicus Ginsburg and Zbyszewski 1965 [nomen dubium], Anchilophus simpsoni Crusafont 1960 [nomen nudum]
G. †Lophiohippus Bai 2017
+
†Lophiohippus yunnanensis Huang and Qi 1982
G. †Bepitherium Checa and Colombo 2004
+
†Bepitherium jordifusalbae Checa and Colombo 2004
G. †Lophiotherium Marsh 1871
+
†Lophiotherium cervulum Gervais 1849
†Lophiotherium robiacense Deperet 1917
G. †Metanchilophus Remy 2012
+
†Metanchilophus depereti Stehlin 1905
†Metanchilophus dumasi Gervais 1849
†Metanchilophus gaudini Pictet and Humbert 1869
+
†Metanchilophus gaudini gaudini Pictet and Humbert 1869
G. †Pachynolophus Pomel 1847
+
†Pachynolophus boixedatensis Crusafont Pairo and Remy 1970
†Pachynolophus cayluxi Filhol 1888
†Pachynolophus duvali Pomel 1847
†Pachynolophus eulaliensis Danilo et al. 2013
†Pachynolophus gaytei Remy 2015
†Pachynolophus hookeri Godinot et al. 1987
†Pachynolophus livinierensis Savage et al. 1965
†Pachynolophus molipontiensis Checa-Soler 1997
†Pachynolophus ruscassierensis Remy et al. 2019
†Pachynolophus zambranensis Badiola et al. 2005
G. †Propalaeotherium Gervais
+
†Propalaeotherium gaudryi Lemoine 1878
+
Invalid names: Lophiotherium magnum Matthes 1977 [synonym]
†Propalaeotherium helveticum Savage et al. 1965
†Propalaeotherium sinense Zdansky 1930
†Propalaeotherium sudrei Remy et al. 2016
†Propalaeotherium voigti Matthes 1977
G. †Qianohippus Miao 1982
+
†Qianohippus magicus Miao 1982
Subfm. †Palaeotheriinae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Palaeotherium Cuvier 1804
+
†Palaeotherium cartieri Stehlin 1904
†Palaeotherium castrense Noulet 1863
†Palaeotherium crassum Cuvier 1805
†Palaeotherium crusafonti Cassanovas-Cladellas 1975
†Palaeotherium curtum Cuvier 1812
†Palaeotherium duvali Pomel 1853
†Palaeotherium eocaenum Gervais 1875
†Palaeotherium giganteum Cuesta 1993
†Palaeotherium isselanum Cuvier 1824
†Palaeotherium lautricense Stehlin 1904
†Palaeotherium magnum Cuvier 1804
†Palaeotherium maximum Leidy 1852
†Palaeotherium medium Cuvier 1804
†Palaeotherium minus Cuvier 1804
†Palaeotherium muehlbergi Stehlin 1904
†Palaeotherium pomeli Franzen 1968
†Palaeotherium renevieri Stehlin 1904
†Palaeotherium robustum Franzen 1968
†Palaeotherium ruetimeyeri Franzen 1968
†Palaeotherium siderolithicum Pictet and Humbert 1869
†Palaeotherium tapiroides Cuvier 1812
G. †Plagiolophus Pomel 1847
+
†Plagiolophus cartailhaci Stehlin 1904
†Plagiolophus codiciensis Gaudry 1865
†Plagiolophus curtisi Hooker 1986
+
†Plagiolophus markgrafi Lőrenthey 1907
†Plagiolophus ministri Brunet and Jehenne 1989
†Plagiolophus minor Cuvier 1804
G. †Paraplagiolophus Depéret 1917
G. †Propachynolophus Lemoine 1891
+
G. †Pseudopalaeotherium Franzen 1972
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 30 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 kgg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: browsero
Diet 2: grazero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 13:57:26
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:57:26
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Legendre 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (4699 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Île-de-France) Hyracotherium leporinum (68437)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Hérault) Pachynolophus eulaliensis (181563)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain (Lleida) Propachynolophus sp. (142031)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Pliolophus vulpiceps, Hyracotherium leporinum (35537)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Hainaut) Cymbalophus cuniculus, Sifrhippus sandrae, Pachynolophus maldani (87947)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Cymbalophus hookeri (178050)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Hyracotherium cuniculus (87950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Hyracotherium cuniculus (184228) Hyracotherium cuniculus, Cymbalophus cuniculus (133368) Hyracotherium leporinum (68436 68439) Hyracotherium vulpiceps, Hyracotherium leporinum (13299) Hyracotherium vulpiceps, Hyracotherium sp. (38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Pliolophus quesnoyensis, Pachynolophus sp. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Pachynolophus sp. (182641)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aisne) Propachynolophus levei (220834)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Equoidea indet. (68430)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) Propalaeotherium gaudryi, Pachynolophus ruscassierensis, Pachynolophus sp., Lophiotherium sp., Propalaeotherium sp. (31717)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Occitanie) Propachynolophus maldani, Propachynolophus gaudryi, Pachynolophus livinierensis, Lophiotherium sp. (195457)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Propalaeotherium isselanum, Propalaeotherium sudrei, Pachynolophus duvali (182519)
Ypresian - Bartonian56.0 - 38.0France (Aude) Propalaeotherium isselanum, Propalaeotherium sp., Propalaeotherium parvulum (78233)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Palaeotherium robustum (225619)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France (Île-de-France) Palaeotherium muelhbergi (191085)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Spain (Catalonia) Palaeotherium magnum (39012 39013 39015) Palaeotherium sp. (39011)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Plagiolophus cartieri, Propalaeotherium parvulum (45521 45738) Propalaeotherium hassiacum (45774) Propalaeotherium parvulum (45734 45798 45799)