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Anchitherium
Taxonomy
Anchitherium was named by von Meyer (1844) [type European A. ezquerrae].
It was synonymized subjectively with Proterotherium by de Blanchini and Blanchini (1971).
It was assigned to Anchitheridae by Leidy (1869) and Leidy (1873); to Palaeotheriinae by Cope (1881); to Perissodactyla by Douglass (1899); to Hyracotheriinae by Hay (1902); to Anchitheriinae by Gidley (1907), Forsten (1975), Prothero and Schoch (1989) and MacFadden (1998); and to Equidae by von Meyer (1844), Scott (1913), Stirton (1940), Carroll (1988) and MacFadden (2009).
It was synonymized subjectively with Proterotherium by de Blanchini and Blanchini (1971).
It was assigned to Anchitheridae by Leidy (1869) and Leidy (1873); to Palaeotheriinae by Cope (1881); to Perissodactyla by Douglass (1899); to Hyracotheriinae by Hay (1902); to Anchitheriinae by Gidley (1907), Forsten (1975), Prothero and Schoch (1989) and MacFadden (1998); and to Equidae by von Meyer (1844), Scott (1913), Stirton (1940), Carroll (1988) and MacFadden (2009).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1844 | Anchitherium von Meyer |
| 1869 | Anchitherium Leidy p. 302 |
| 1873 | Anchitherium Leidy p. 322 |
| 1881 | Anchitherium Cope p. 399 |
| 1899 | Achitherium Douglass p. 26 |
| 1902 | Anchitherium Hay p. 614 |
| 1907 | Anchitherium Gidley p. 867 |
| 1913 | Anchitherium Scott p. 290 |
| 1940 | Anchitherium Stirton p. 174 |
| 1975 | Anchitherium Forsten p. 9 |
| 1988 | Anchitherium Carroll |
| 1989 | Anchitherium Prothero and Schoch p. 531 |
| 1998 | Anchitherium MacFadden p. 544 |
| 2009 | Anchitherium MacFadden |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Anchitherium von Meyer 1844
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Subg. †Anchitherium (Hypohippus) Leidy 1858
Subg. †Anchitherium (Parahippus) Leidy 1858
†Anchitherium aurelianense Cuvier 1825
†Anchitherium clarencei Simpson 1932
†Anchitherium hypohippoides Matsumoto 1924
†Anchitherium navasotae Hay 1924
†Anchitherium zitteli Schlosser 1903
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 37.20000 to 3.60000 Ma
Collections (91 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chadronian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | A. estonii (101961) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | A. brachylophum, A. longicriste (180202) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | A. sp. (11601) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | A. agatense (17741) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Germany | A. aurelianense (70338 70360 70361) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | A. aurelianense (136269) | |
| Miocene | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | A. aurelianense (39715) | |
| Neogene | Ukraine | A. sp. (184130) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | A. sp. (18579) | |
| Burdigalian | Greece | A. aurelianense (68032) | |
| Burdigalian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | A. aurelianense (39714) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | A. aurelianense (69098 70359) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Zaragoza) | A. sp. (40716) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Valencia) | A. aurelianense (40031) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Toledo) | A. sp. (40721) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Jiangsu) | A. sp. (43400) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | A. aurelianense (106003) | |
| Burdigalian - Tortonian | France | A. aurelianense (187579 187580) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | Panama (Panama City) | A. clarencei (144879) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | A. sp. (17881) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | Panama | A. clarencei (89444) A. sp. (18725) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Kalobatippus clarencei (167840) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Texas) | A. navasotae (18635) A. navasotae, Miohippus navasotae (18626) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Colorado) | A. sp. (17965) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | A. clarencei (18561 18586 18597) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | A. agatensis (17912) | |
| Orleanian | France | A. aurelianense (142146) | |
| Orleanian | Spain (Madrid) | A. aurelianense (40747) | |
| MN 3 - MN 5 | France | A. aurelianense (94801 191822 191827) | |
| MN 4 | France (Midi-Pyrénées) | A. aurelianense (71873) | |
| MN 4 | France (Alsac) | A. aurelianense (69106) | |
| MN 4 | France (Centre) | A. aurelianense (69116) | |
| MN 4 - MN 5 | Spain | A. ezquerrae (70805) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Texas) | A. navasotae (18654) Miohippus navasotae (18646) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | A. sp. (17976) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Florida) | A. clarencei (18549) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bayern) | A. aurelianense (45599 45612) | |
| Langhian | France (Aquitaine Region) | A. aurelianense (31316 31326) | |
| Langhian | France | A. aurelianense (90354 148401) | |
| Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | A. sp. (180192) | |
| Langhian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | A. aurelianense (148396) | |
| MN 5 | Germany | A. aurelianense (46955) | |
| MN 5 | Turkey (Bursa) | A. sp. (68547) | |
| MN 5 | Switzerland (Zürich) | A. aurelianense (46225) A. aurelianensis (46227) | |
| MN 5 | France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) | A. aurelianense (32071 32072) | |
| MN 5 - MN 6 | Portugal | A. aurelianensis (65912) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | A. aurelianense (32191) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | A. aurelianense (42588 42595 42596) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Spain | A. sp. (187347) | |
| Middle Miocene - Serravallian | China (Hubei) | A. aurelianense (42248) | |
| Middle Miocene | Spain (Madrid) | A. alberdiae (197673) A. alberdiae, A. sp. (197674) A. sp. (197672) | |
| Middle Miocene | Austria (Carinthia) | A. aurelianese (34606) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | A. aurelianense (190754) | |
| Langhian - Tortonian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | A. aurelianense (142149) | |
| Langhian - Tortonian | France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) | A. aurelianense (31775 31776) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | A. gobiensis (28781) | |
| Serravallian | Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk) | A. sp. (60263) | |
| Serravallian | China (Xinjiang) | A. sp. (42246) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | A. aurelianense (54136) | |
| MN 6 | China (Gansu) | A. gobiensis (71105) | |
| MN 6 | Portugal (Santarém) | A. aurelianense (38137) | |
| MN 6 | Russian Federation (Stavropol) | A. sp., A. aurelianense (56738) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Spain | A. hippoides (70806) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Thurgau) | A. sp. (46277) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Baselland) | A. aurelianense (49421) | |
| Tortonian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | A. aurelianense (39709) | |
| Tortonian | Austria (Niederösterreich) | Hipparion sp. (45043) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Jiangsu) | A. aurelianense (36370) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Anchitheriinae indet. (28784) | |
| Pliocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Anchitheriinae indet. (28785) |