PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Crassiproetinae

Trilobita - Proetida - Proetidae

Taxonomy

Crassiproetinae was named by Osmólska (1970).

It was assigned to Proetidae by Vanderlaan and Ebach (2015).

Subtaxa

Astroproetus (syn. Clypoproetus), Boliviproetus, Crassiproetus, Dechenellurus, Elimaproetus, Hedstroemia (syn. Pachyproetus, Aceroproetus), Mannopyge, Monodechenella (syn. Conophillipsia), Raerinproetus, Thebanaspis, Winiskia

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1970	Crassiproetinae Osmólska
2015	Crassiproetinae Vanderlaan and Ebach

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Artiopoda	(Hou and Bergstrom)
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
order	Proetida	Fortey and Owens 1975
superfamily	Proetoidea	Hawle and Corda 1847
family	Proetidae	Salter 1864
subfamily	Crassiproetinae	Osmólska 1970
subfamily	Crassiproetinae	Osmólska 1970

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Crassiproetinae Osmólska 1970

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G. †Astroproetus Begg 1939

†Astroproetus achabae Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004

†Astroproetus ainae Warburg 1925

†Astroproetus asteroideus Begg 1939

†Astroproetus curtisi Owens 1973

†Astroproetus interjectus Reed 1935

†Astroproetus owensi Tripp 1980

†Astroproetus pseudolatifrons Reed 1904

†Astroproetus reedi Begg 1939

†Astroproetus scoticus Reed 1941

Invalid names: Clypoproetus Begg 1939 [synonym]

G. †Boliviproetus Eldredge and Ormiston 1979

†Boliviproetus branisai Eldredge and Ormiston 1979

G. †Crassiproetus Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus alpenensis Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus arietinus Walter 1925

†Crassiproetus bumastoides Walter 1925

†Crassiproetus calhounensis Cooper and Cloud 1938

†Crassiproetus canadensis Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus crassimarginatus Hall 1843

†Crassiproetus globosus Maximova 1960

†Crassiproetus halliturgidus Lieberman 1994

†Crassiproetus microgranulatus Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus neoturgidus Lieberman 1994

†Crassiproetus norwoodensis Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus occidens Hall 1861

†Crassiproetus schohariensis Lieberman 1994

†Crassiproetus searighti Walter 1925

†Crassiproetus sibleyensis Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus stummi Lieberman 1994

†Crassiproetus traversensis Stumm 1953

†Crassiproetus turgidus Northrop 1939

G. †Dechenellurus Maksimova 1960

†Dechenellurus ursus Maksimova 1960

G. †Elimaproetus Curtis and Lane 1997

G. †Hedstroemia Pribyl and Vanek 1978

†Hedstroemia acer Kolobova 1988

†Hedstroemia channahonensis Weller 1907

†Hedstroemia delicatus Hedström 1923

†Hedstroemia formosa Zhou et al. 2000

†Hedstroemia kutchini Ludvigsen and Tripp 1990

†Hedstroemia pachydermatus Barrett 1878

†Hedstroemia planedorsata Schmidt 1894

†Hedstroemia sourdoughi Ludvigsen and Tripp 1990

†Hedstroemia sugiharensis Kobayashi and Hamada 1974

Invalid names: Aceroproetus Kolobova 1988 [synonym], Pachyproetus Lutke 1990 [synonym]

G. †Mannopyge Ludvigsen 1987

G. †Monodechenella Stumm 1953

†Monodechenella breviceps Mitchell 1918

Invalid names: Monodechenella dungogensis Mitchell 1918 [synonym]

†Monodechenella grandis Etheridge Jr. 1892

Invalid names: Monodechenella sweeti Etheridge 1892 [synonym], Monodechenella woodwardi Jack and Etheridge 1892 [synonym], Phillipsia robusta Mitchell 1918 [objective synonym]

†Monodechenella halli Stumm 1953

Invalid names: Monodechenella formosensis Fagerstrom 1961 [synonym], Proetus verneuili Hall 1861 [replaced]

†Monodechenella macrocephala Hall 1861

†Monodechenella morganensis Mitchell 1918

†Monodechenella speciosa Engel and Morris 1984

†Monodechenella subquadrata Engel and Morris 1984

†Monodechenella subtriangularis Engel and Morris 1984

Invalid names: Conophillipsia Roberts 1963 [synonym]

G. †Raerinproetus Basse 1996

†Raerinproetus lazutkini Chernysheva 1951

†Raerinproetus raerinensis Basse 1996

G. †Thebanaspis Lutke 1990

†Thebanaspis arsenaulti Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004

†Thebanaspis asaphoides Curtis 1958

†Thebanaspis determinatus Foerste 1889

†Thebanaspis jefferyi Adrain 1997

†Thebanaspis thebana Lütke 1990

G. †Winiskia Norford 1981

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Composition 2:

chitinc

Entire body:

yesf

Adult length:

10 to < 100f

Adult width:

10 to < 100f

Ontogeny:

molting, addition of partsc

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingc

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalc

Diet:

deposit feedero

Vision:

well-developedf

Created:

2009-06-11 18:30:23

Modified:

2009-12-19 04:35:55

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Hendy 2009, Fortey and Owens 1999, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Mohawkian to the top of the Visean or 457.30000 to 330.90000 Ma

Collections (127 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Sandbian	458.4 - 453.0	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Proetus owensi (208121)
Mohawkian	457.3 - 451.0	USA (Nevada)	Astroproetus sp. (104572 104573)
Katian	453.0 - 445.2	China	Hedstroemia sp. (184488)
Gamachian	449.5 - 443.7	USA (Illinois)	Proetus determinatus (173289)
Pirgu - Hirnantian	449.5 - 443.4	Sweden (Dalarne)	Proetus ainae (73414)
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan	449.2 - 445.2	United Kingdom (Wales)	Astroproetus sp. (8290 8291)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	United Kingdom (England)	Astroproetus sp. (3667)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Clypoproetus asteroideus, Astroproetus reedi (162241)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian	448.8 - 443.4	Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.)	Astroproetus sp. (365)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	USA (Iowa)	Proetus channahonensis (24966)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	USA (Illinois)	Thebanaspis thebana (229316)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	Canada (Quebec)	Proetus arsenaulti (184370)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Astroproetus scoticus (188530 188531 188533)
Llandovery	443.4 - 433.4	USA (Illinois)	Thebanaspis channahonensis (2860)
Aeronian	440.8 - 438.5	United Kingdom (England)	Astroproetus sp. (50289)
Aeronian	440.8 - 438.5	Canada (Quebec)	Proetus achabae (186048 186090 186091)
Aeronian	440.8 - 438.5	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Astroproetus interjectus (188535) Astroproetus pseudolatifrons (188537)
Aeronian	440.8 - 438.5	United Kingdom (Wales)	Astroproetus scoticus (50158)
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	United Kingdom (Yorkshire)	Astroproetus sp. (50290)
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	United Kingdom (England)	Astroproetus curtisi (50146) Proetus asaphoides (49638)
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	United Kingdom (Shropshire)	Elimaproetus diabolicus (49579 49584)
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	United Kingdom (Wales)	Elimaproetus haverfordensis (50276)
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	Canada (Ontario)	Winiskia perryi (77326 77328 77334 77335 77336)
Sheinwoodian	433.4 - 430.5	Canada (Nunavut)	Thebanaspis morrisi (25977) Thebanaspis rutai, Winiskia youngi (25975)
Sheinwoodian	433.4 - 430.5	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Thebanaspis morrisi (25976) Thebanaspis toddi, Winiskia longbottomae (229171) Winiskia longbottomae (682)
Wenlock	433.4 - 427.4	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Thebanaspis jefferyi (691) Thebanaspis smithi, Thebanaspis jefferyi (686) Thebanaspis smithi, Winiskia curranti, Thebanaspis jefferyi (687) Winiskia youngi (689)
Wenlock	433.4 - 427.4	Greenland	Hedstroemia sp. (188490)
Homerian	430.5 - 427.4	Sweden (Gotland)	Proetus delicatus (13599 13673)
Homerian	430.5 - 427.4	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Thebanaspis jefferyi (25981) Thebanaspis smithi, Winiskia curranti, Thebanaspis jefferyi (229172)
Ludlow	427.4 - 423.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Thebanaspis jefferyi (692)
Ludlow	427.4 - 423.0	Japan (Shikoku)	Proetus sugiharensis (188690)
Ludlow	427.4 - 423.0	Canada (Yukon)	Hedstroemia kutchini, Hedstroemia sourdoughi (23078)
Ludlow	427.4 - 423.0	Japan (Skikoku)	Proetus sugiharensis (188695)
Ludfordian	425.6 - 423.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Hedstroemia kutchini, Hedstroemia sourdoughi (25495)
Ludfordian	425.6 - 423.0	Uzbekistan	Hedstroemia sp. B (216476)
Pridoli	423.0 - 419.2	Canada (Quebec)	Proetus turgidus (207843)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Kazakhstan	Crassiproetus globosus, Dechenellurus ursus (207973)
Pragian - Early/Lower Emsian	410.8 - 402.5	Kazakhstan	Crassiproetus globosus (207974)
Zlichovian	409.1 - 391.9	Kazakhstan	Dechenellurus ursus (207975)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	China (Inner Mongolia)	Hedstroemia formosa (217242 217250 217251)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	USA (Michigan)	Proetus crassimarginatus, Proetus folliceps (207841)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Canada (Ontario)	Crassiproetus sp., Mannopyge sp. (23102)
Late/Upper Emsian	402.5 - 391.9	Colombia	Mannopyge sp. (229210)
Late/Upper Emsian	402.5 - 391.9	USA (New York)	Proetus crassimarginatus (207842)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (New York)	Crassiproetus neoturgidus (166208) Proetus crassimarginatus (230486)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (Michigan)	Crassiproetus sibleyensis (207839) Proetus sibleyensis (207848)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Uzbekistan	Raerinproetus lazutkini (181377)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (Virginia)	Proetus crassimarginatus (6993)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Canada (Ontario)	Dechenella halli (3850 3853) Proetus crassimarginatus (3844) Proetus crassimarginatus, Mannopyge halli, Dechenella formosensis, Crassiproetus crassimarginatus (3845)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Germany (Hessen)	Raerinproetus sp. (229648)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	China (Inner Mongolia)	Hedstroemia sp. (217249) Hedstroemia sp. indet. (217263)
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (Michigan)	Crassiproetus alpenensis, Proetus microgranulatus (206786)
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (New York)	Monodechenella macrocephala (91238 91240 91243 91245 91280)
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (Indiana)	Proetus crassimarginatus (11101)
Southwoodian	391.9 - 388.1	USA (Indiana)	Crassiproetus halliturgidus, Proetus crassimarginatus (188933)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Iowa)	Crassiproetus arietinus (94215 94216) Crassiproetus bumastoides (94218) Crassiproetus searighti (94213) Crassiproetus sp., Crassiproetus bumastoides, Crassiproetus occidens (94214 94217)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (New York)	Dechenella macrocephalus (9019) Monodechenella macrocephalus (89663 89667 89669 89670 89671 89673)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Indiana)	Proetus crassimarginatus, Proetus macrocephalus (170009)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Illinois)	Cornuproetus calhounensis (54909) Crassiproetus occidens (76641) Crassiproetus sp., Crassiproetus occidens (76642)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Michigan)	Crassiproetus norwoodensis (207840) Proetus alpenensis (39830 207837) Proetus traversensis (207838)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	Canada (Ontario)	Proetus canadensis (229574)
Early/Lower Frasnian	383.7 - 382.4	Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast)	Proetus lazutkini (84383)
Hastarian	358.9 - 353.8	Australia (New South Wales)	Conophillipsia sp. (75621)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	Australia (New South Wales)	Phillipsia robusta (75614)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Australia (Queensland)	Monodechenella subquadrata, Phillipsia morganensis (223681)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Australia (New South Wales)	Conophillipsia brevicaudata (58018) Conophillipsia subquadrata (217051) Monodechenella subquadrata (46855 217053) Monodechenella subtriangularis (217049)
Tournaisian - Visean	358.9 - 330.9	Australia (New South Wales)	Phillipsia gemmulifera (217050)
Visean	346.7 - 330.9	Australia (New South Wales)	Conophillipsia speciosa (217046) Conophillipsia subtriangularis (217048) Monodechenella breviceps (217044) Monodechenella speciosa (217045 217047) Phillipsia dungogensis (5603 62638)