PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Palaeosyops

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae

Synonyms

Palaeosyops was named by Marsh (1872).

It was synonymized subjectively with Limnohyops by Hay (1902).
Eometarhinus was named by Osborn (1919). Its type is Eometarhinus huerfanensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops by Robinson (1966), Lucas et al. (1982), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Mader (1989), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).
Limnohyops was named by Marsh (1890).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops by Earle (1895), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Mader (1989), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).

It was assigned to Lambdotheriinae by Hay (1902); and to Palaeosyopinae by Osborn (1914).
Limnohyus was named by Marsh (1872).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops by Leidy (1873), Earle (1891), Hay (1902), Osborn (1929), Gazin (1976), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Mader (1989), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).

It was assigned to Chalicotheriidae by Cope (1881).
Palaeosyops ultimus was named by Matthew (1897).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Hay (1902), Osborn (1908) and Osborn (1929).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1870	Palaeosyops Leidy p. 113
1872	Palaeosyops Marsh
1872	Limnohyus Marsh p. 124
1873	Palaeosyops Leidy p. 323
1881	Limnohyus Cope p. 395
1881	Palaeosyops Cope p. 395
1890	Limnohyops Marsh p. 525
1897	Palaeosyops ultimus Matthew
1902	Limnohyops Hay p. 630
1902	Palaeosyops Hay p. 630
1913	Palaeosyops Scott p. 291
1914	Limnohyops Osborn p. 403
1914	Palaeosyops Osborn p. 403
1919	Eometarhinus Osborn
1929	Limnohyops Osborn
1988	Palaeosyops Carroll
1989	Palaeosyops Prothero and Schoch p. 536
1998	Palaeosyops Mader p. 529
2008	Palaeosyops Mihlbachler p. 408
2010	Palaeosyops Mader p. 15

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
family	Brontotheriidae	()
subfamily	Palaeosyopinae	Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
genus	Palaeosyops

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Palaeosyops Leidy 1870

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†Palaeosyops fontinalis Cope 1873

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Invalid names: Eometarhinus huerfanensis Osborn 1919 [synonym]

†Palaeosyops junius Leidy 1873

†Palaeosyops manteoceras Osborn in Matthew 1899

†Palaeosyops paludosus Leidy 1870

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Invalid names: Canis marshii Hay 1899 [synonym], Limnohyops matthewi Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops humilis Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops laevidens Cope 1873 [synonym], Palaeosyops longirostris Earle 1892 [synonym], Palaeosyops major Leidy 1871 [synonym], Palaeosyops minor Marsh 1871 [synonym], Palaeosyops minor Earle 1891 [synonym], Palaeosyops priscus Osborn 1908 [synonym]

†Palaeosyops robustus Marsh 1872

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Invalid names: Palaeosyops copei Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops diaconus Cope 1873 [synonym], Palaeosyops grangeri Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops laticeps Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops leidyi Osborn 1908 [synonym]

Invalid names: Eometarhinus Osborn 1919 [synonym], Limnohyops Marsh 1890 [synonym], Limnohyus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops ultimus Matthew 1897 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. J. Mader 2010	Same as for member genus, Palaeosyops (see below). Sister taxon to all brontothere subfamilies except for the Eotitanopinae (see cladogram in Mader 1998, Fig. 36.5)

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 14:53:16

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:53:16

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Mader 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: Bridgerian or 50.30000 to 46.20000 Ma

Collections (55 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wasatchian - Bridgerian	55.8 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	P. fontinalis (15463) P. sp. (16134)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Eotitanops sp. (16487) Limnohyops laevidens, P. major (16205) Limnohyops laticeps (16282) Limnohyops monoconus, P. major, P. paludosus (16228) P. fontinalis (15837 16089 16094 16095 16097 16115 16116 16117 16198 16219 16232 16258 16259 16264 16291 16311 16320 16321 16326 16338 16352 16362 16380 16383 16394 16489 27269) P. grangeri (16448) P. laevidens, P. paludosus (16201 16284) P. leidyi (16420) P. major (16212 16414) P. paludosus (16226 16455) P. robustus, Limnohyops laticeps (16279) P. robustus, Limnohyops laticeps, P. leidyi (16235) P. robustus, P. paludosus (16236) P. sp. (16135 16647 129895)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Montana)	P. fontinalis (16401)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Colorado)	Eometarhinus huerfanensis, P. fontinalis (16239) P. fontinalis (16231 16240 16242 16298 16398 180105)