PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Chalicotherium

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae

Taxonomy

Chalicotherium was named by Kaup (1833).

It was assigned to Ruminantia by Owen (1848); to Ancylopoda by Cope (1891); to Chalicotherini by Colbert (1935); to Chalicotheriidae by Cope (1881), Cope (1889), Hay (1902), Lambe (1908) and Carroll (1988); and to Chalicotheriinae by Butler (1965) and Prothero and Schoch (1989).

Species

C. brevirostris, C. goldfussi (syn. C. antiquum), C. grande, C. pilgrimi, C. rusingense, C. salinum, C. sinense, C. styriacum, C. wetzleri

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1833	Chalicotherium Kaup p. 4
1848	Chalicotherium Owen p. 139
1881	Chalicotherium Cope p. 396
1889	Chalicotherium Cope p. 154
1891	Chalicotherium Cope p. 7
1902	Chalicotherium Hay p. 691
1908	Chalicotherium Lambe
1935	Chalicotherium Colbert p. 11
1965	Chalicotherium Butler p. 166
1988	Chalicotherium Carroll
1989	Chalicotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 533

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ancylopoda	()
superfamily	Chalicotherioidea	Gill 1872
family	Chalicotheriidae	Gill 1872
subfamily	Chalicotheriinae
genus	Chalicotherium

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Chalicotherium Kaup 1833

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†Chalicotherium brevirostris Colbert 1934

†Chalicotherium goldfussi Kaup 1833

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Invalid names: Chalicotherium antiquum Kaup 1833 [synonym]

†Chalicotherium grande de Blainville 1849

†Chalicotherium grande rhodanicum Depéret 1892

†Chalicotherium pilgrimi Forster cooper 1920

†Chalicotherium rusingense Butler 1965

†Chalicotherium salinum Forster Cooper 1922

†Chalicotherium sinense Owen 1870

†Chalicotherium styriacum Bach 1913

†Chalicotherium wetzleri Kowalewsky 1873

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingsuperf

Diet:

browsersuperf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 14:59:14

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:59:14

Source: superf = superfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Coombs 1998, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the MN 3 to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 20.00000 to 0.12900 Ma

Collections (40 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene	23.03 - 11.608	Spain (Castile-La Mancha)	C. sp. (136269)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Germany (Bayern)	C. sp. (45606)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Uganda	C. rusingense (28441)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Kenya	C. rusingense (87341 113557)
MN 3 - MN 5	20.0 - 13.65	France	C. grande (94801)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	France	C. grande (90354 148401)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	France (Maine-et-Loire)	C. grande (148396)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Germany (Bayern)	C. sp. (44977 45599)
MN 5	15.97 - 13.65	Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg)	C. grande (175727)
MN 5	15.97 - 13.65	France (Midi-Pyrenees Region)	C. grande (32071 32072)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	Poland (Silesia)	C. grande (42588)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	France (Midi-Pyrenees)	C. grande (32191)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	C. sp. (11797)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Pakistan (Punjab)	Macrotherium salinum (13472)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Austria (Carinthia)	C. grande (34606)
Langhian - Tortonian	15.97 - 7.246	France (Maine-et-Loire)	C. grande (142149)
Langhian - Tortonian	15.97 - 7.246	France (Midi-Pyrenees Region)	C. grande (31775 31776)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	15.97 - 5.333	China (Nei Mongol)	C. brevirostris (28781)
MN 6	13.65 - 12.75	Slovakia (Bratislava)	C. grandae (69711)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Austria (Niederösterreich)	C. goldfussi (45042 45043)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	China (Yunnan)	Macrotherium salinum (11798)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Georgia	C. sp. (73901)
Vallesian	11.608 - 8.7	Spain (Catalonia)	Macrotherium grande (38978)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Aegean)	C. pentelici (202120)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Pakistan (Punjab)	Macrotherium salinum (13473)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Turkey	C. goldfussi (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	China (Hebei)	Macrotherium sp. (38674)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Attiki)	C. goldfussi (195562)
MN 9	11.1 - 9.7	Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén)	C. goldfussi (75481)
MN 11	8.7 - 7.75	Georgia	C. sp. (75087)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Tajikistan (Sor)	C. sp. (34392)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Tajikistan (Daraispon)	C. sp. (34391)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	China (Gansu)	C. sp. (42675)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.129	China (Sichuan)	C. sinense (226365)