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Amynodontidae
Taxonomy
Amynodontidae was named by Scott and Osborn (1883).
It was reranked as the subfamily Amynodontinae by Peterson (1919).
It was assigned to Hyracodontidae by Peterson (1919); and to Rhinocerotoidea by Hay (1902), Hough (1955), Radinsky (1966), Wall and Manning (1986), Carroll (1988), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Dashzeveg (1996), Holbrook (1999) and Wang et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the subfamily Amynodontinae by Peterson (1919).
It was assigned to Hyracodontidae by Peterson (1919); and to Rhinocerotoidea by Hay (1902), Hough (1955), Radinsky (1966), Wall and Manning (1986), Carroll (1988), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Dashzeveg (1996), Holbrook (1999) and Wang et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Amynodon, Amynodontinae, Amynodontopsis, Andarakodon, Cadurcodontini, Cadurcotheriinae, Gigantamynodon, Gigantamynodon cessator, Gigantamynodon giganteus, Gigantamynodon maguanensis, Metamynodontini, Orthocynodon, Paramynodontinae, Rostriamynodon, Rostriamynodontinae, Sharamynodon (syn. Lushiamynodon)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1883 | Amynodontidae Scott and Osborn p. 4 |
1902 | Amynodontidae Hay p. 641 |
1919 | Amynodontinae Peterson p. 130 |
1942 | Cadurcotheriinae Kretzoi |
1942 | Paramynodontinae Kretzoi |
1954 | Gigantamynodon Gromova |
1954 | Gigantamynodon cessator Gromova |
1955 | Amynodontidae Hough p. 32 |
1961 | Gigantamynodon giganteus Xu |
1966 | Amynodontidae Radinsky p. 631 |
1986 | Amynodontidae Wall and Manning p. 911 |
1986 | Gigantamynodon Wall and Manning p. 917 |
1988 | Amynodontidae Carroll |
1988 | Gigantamynodon Carroll |
1989 | Amynodontidae Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
1989 | Gigantamynodon Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
1992 | Gigantamynodon Qi |
1992 | Gigantamynodon maguanensis Qi |
1996 | Amynodontidae Dashzeveg p. 8 |
1999 | Amynodontidae Holbrook p. 346 |
2016 | Amynodontidae Wang et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Amynodontidae Scott and Osborn 1883
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G. †Amynodon Marsh 1877
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†Amynodon advenus Marsh 1875
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Invalid names: Amynodon erectus Troxell 1921 [synonym], Amynodon intermedius Osborn 1890 [synonym], Orthocynodon antiquus Scott and Osborn 1882 [synonym]
†Amynodon altidens Xu and Chiu 1962
†Amynodon alxaensis Qi 1975
†Amynodon lunanensis Chow 1964
†Amynodon reedi Stock 1939
†Amynodon watanabei Tokunaga 1926
G. †Amynodontopsis Stock 1933
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†Amynodontopsis bodei Stock 1933
†Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis Wang et al. 2020
Tr. †Cadurcodontini
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G. †Cadurcodon Kretzoi 1942
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†Cadurcodon ardynense Osborn 1924
†Cadurcodon ardynensis Osborn 1924
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Invalid names: Cadurcodon zaisanensis Belyaeva 1962 [synonym], Hypsamynodon tuskabakensis Biryukov 1963 [synonym]
†Cadurcodon bahoensis Xu 1965
†Cadurcodon houldjinensis Wang et al. 2009
†Cadurcodon kazakademius Biryukov 1961
†Cadurcodon maomingensis Averianov et al. 2017
†Cadurcodon suhaituensis Xu 1966
Invalid names: Paracadurcodon Xu 1966 [synonym], Sianodon Xu 1965 [synonym]
G. †Cadurcotherium Gervais 1873
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†Cadurcotherium cayluxi Gervais 1873
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Invalid names: Cadurcotherium nouleti Roman and Joleaud 1909 [synonym]
†Cadurcotherium minus Filhol 1880
†Cadurcotherium rakoveci Malez and Thenius 1985
Invalid names: Cadurcamynodon Kretzoi 1942 [synonym], Hypsamynodon Gromova 1954 [synonym]
G. †Zaisanamynodon Belyaeva 1971
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†Zaisanamynodon borisovi Belyaeva 1971
†Zaisanamynodon protheroi Lucas 2006
Tr. †Metamynodontini Kretzoi 1942
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G. †Metamynodon Scott and Osborn 1887
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†Metamynodon chadronensis Wood 1937
†Metamynodon mckinneyi Wilson and Schiebout 1981
†Metamynodon planifrons Scott and Osborn 1887
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Invalid names: Metamynodon rex Troxell 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cadurcopsis Kretzoi 1942 [synonym]
G. †Paramynodon Matthew 1829
G. †Orthocynodon Scott and Osborn 1882
G. †Sharamynodon Kretozi 1942
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†Sharamynodon kirghisensis Belyaeva 1971
†Sharamynodon mongoliensis Osborn 1936
Invalid names: Lushiamynodon Chow and Xu 1965 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amynodontinae Scott and Osborn 1883 [empty], Cadurcotheriinae Kretzoi 1942 [invalid subgroup], Gigantamynodon Gromova 1954 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon cessator Gromova 1954 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon giganteus Xu 1961 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon maguanensis Qi 1992 [nomen dubium], Paramynodontinae Kretzoi 1942 [invalid subgroup], Rostriamynodontinae Wall and Manning 1986 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Wall 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 56.00000 to 0.78100 Ma
Collections (196 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Ypresian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Lushiamynodon kirghisensis (28490) | |
Ypresian - Lutetian | Hungary | Amynodontidae indet. (52670) | |
Sharamurunian | China (Henan) | Amynodon sinensis, Cadurcotherium ardynense, Amynodon mongoliensis (41120) Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis (208038) Lushiamynodon obesus, Sianodon sinensis, Sianodon chiyuanensis (42563) | |
Sharamurunian | Russian Federation | Zaisanamynodon protheroi, Procadurcodon orientalis (192038) | |
Sharamurunian | China (Shanxi) | Amynodon sinensis (41117) Amynodon sinensis, Amynodon mongoliensis (42197) Cadurcotherium ardynense, Amynodon mongoliensis, Cadurcodon ardynensis (42198) Cadurcotherium ardynense, Cadurcodon ardynensis (42194) Sianodon sinensis (41116) | |
Lutetian - Bartonian | Hungary | Amynodontopsis bodei (191755) | |
Lutetian - Bartonian | China (Guangdong) | Cadurcodon maomingensis (151737) | |
Middle Eocene | China (Henan) | Gigantamynodon sp., Amynodon sinensis, Amynodon mongoliensis, Lushiamynodon wuchengensis (180777) Lushiamynodon menchiapuensis, Sianodon honanensis (46193) Sianodon mienchiensis (42165) Sianodon sinensis (180849) | |
Middle Eocene | China (Guangxi) | Amynodon sp., Gigantamynodon sp., Paramynodon sp. (190964) | |
Middle Eocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Amynodon mongoliensis (174962) Amynodontidae indet. (28790) Amynodontidae indet., Amynodon mongoliensis, Sianodon ulausuensis, Gigantamynodon promisus, Lushiamynodon sharamurenensis (28786) Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon sp. (28789) Lushiamynodon sharamurenensis (28792) Rostriamynodon grangeri (11740) | |
Middle Eocene | Kazakhstan | Sharamynodon mongoliensis (180389) | |
Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Procadurcodon sp. (16842) | |
Middle Eocene | China (Yunnan) | Amynodon lunanensis, Amynodon sp. (180768) Amynodon sp., Metamynodon sp., Amynodon altidens (36668) | |
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Japan | Amynodon watanabei (183024) Zaisanamynodon protheroi (183063 183064) | |
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Mongolia | Amynodontidae indet. (39810) | |
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Amynodon watanabei (183065) | |
Early/Lower Uintan | USA (California) | Amynodon reedi (16669 16679) Amynodontidae indet. (16763) | |
Early/Lower Uintan | USA (Texas) | Amynodon advenus (16528 16650 16651) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Texas) | Amynodon advenus (16542) Amynodon sp. (16614) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Montana) | Amynodon advenus (16551) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (California) | Amynodontidae indet. (16585) | |
Uintan | USA (Montana) | Amynodon sp. (222918 222919) | |
Uintan | USA (Wyoming) | Amynodon advenus (16512 16520 16523 16648 223472) Amynodon sp. (16507 16511 16556 16557 16559 16560 16562 16569 16571 16580 16582 16630 16645 16649 223455) Amynodontidae indet. (16513 16517) | |
Uintan | USA (California) | Amynodon advenus (16510 16792) Amynodon intermedius (16541) Amynodon sp. (16526 16544 16791) Amynodon sp., Amynodontopsis bodei (16590) Amynodontidae indet. (16591) Rhinocerotoidea indet. (16790) | |
Uintan | USA (Utah) | Amynodon advenus (16589 16607 16654 222805) Amynodon advenus, Amynodon reedi (16646) Amynodon sp. (16656) Megalamynodon regalis (16637) | |
Uintan | USA (Texas) | Amynodon advenus (16653) Amynodon sp. (16539) Amynodontidae indet. (16534 16537) Metamynodon mckinneyi (16599 16633) | |
Uintan - Duchesnean | USA (California) | Amynodon reedi (16533) | |
Bartonian | Myanmar | Metamynodon birmanicus (41158 41163 41207) Metamynodon birmanicus, Metamynodon cotteri (41331) Metamynodon cotteri (41104 41456) Paramynodon birmanicus (41180 41264 41281 41282 41283 41285 41287 41290 41291 41304 41307 41313 41314 41315 41316 41317 41318 41320 41321 41323) | |
Bartonian - Priabonian | Bulgaria | Cadurcodon ardynense (193753 193754) | |
Bartonian - Rupelian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Amynodontopsis sp. (166797) | |
Duchesnean | USA (South Dakota) | Amynodontopsis bodei (16823 16824 16825) | |
Duchesnean | USA (New Mexico) | Amynodon sp. (16872) | |
Duchesnean | USA (California) | Amynodon sp. (16527) Amynodontopsis bodei (16805 16806 16808 16810 16811 16850) | |
Duchesnean | USA (Texas) | Amynodontopsis bodei (16838 16841 16856 16857) Metamynodon sp. (16828 16835) | |
Priabonian | Romania (Cluj) | Amynodontopsis bodei (191754) | |
Chadronian | USA (South Dakota) | Metamynodon chadronensis (17012) | |
Early/Lower Chadronian | USA (Wyoming) | Metamynodon planifrons (16906) | |
Houldjinian | China (Nei Mongol) | Cadurcodon ardynensis, Cadurcotherium sp. (72147) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | China (Yunnan) | Cadurcodon sp., Metamynodon sp., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon giganteus (182580) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | China (Xinjiang) | Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon giganteus (174976 174977) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Kazakhstan | Zaisanamynodon borisovi (177066) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon sp. (205811) Cadurcodon ardynensis (38303 38309) Cadurcodon sp. (176016) Gigantamynodon sp. (174918) Gigantamynodon sp., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon cessator (174716) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Japan | Zaisanamynodon borisovi (183071) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Mongolia (Dornogobi Aimag) | Amynodontidae indet. (152082) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Cadurcodon houldjinensis (174913 182572 182573 182574) Zaisanamynodon borisovi (180941) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Mongolia | Cadurcotherium ardynense (73781) | |
Ulangochuian | China (Nei Mongol) | Amynodon mongoliensis, Zaisanamynodon borisovi (73811) Zaisanamynodon borisovi (73810 180943) | |
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | Romania | Sellamynodon zimborensis (191753) | |
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | Japan | Amynodontidae indet. (183069 183072) | |
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | China (shaanxi) | Amynodon sp., Sianodon gaowangouensis (42749) Sianodon bahoensis (42690) Sianodon sp., Sianodon bahoensis (42688) | |
Orellan | USA (North Dakota) | Metamynodon sp. (17101) | |
Orellan | USA (Wyoming) | Metamynodon sp. (17064) | |
Orellan | USA (South Dakota) | Metamynodon planifrons (17141) Metamynodon sp. (17295) | |
Orellan | USA (Mississippi) | Metamynodon planifrons (17071 163855) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Kazakhstan | Cadurcodon ardynensis, Amynodon tuskabakensis (177065) Cadurcodon kazakademius (177063) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Amynodon alxaensis (180730) Amynodontidae indet., Amynodon alxaensis, Paracadurcodon suhaituensis (174915) Cadurcodon sp. (174759) Paracadurcodon sp. (180729) Sianodon sp., Paracadurcodon suhaituensis (180776) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Yunnan) | Amynodontidae indet. (175142) | |
MP 22 - MP 23 | France | Cadurcotherium cayluxi (193752) | |
MP 24 | France | Cadurcotherium cayluxi (193751) | |
Rupelian | Switzerland (Canton Jura) | Cadurcotherium minus (182608) | |
MP 25 | Spain (Cuenca) | Cadurcotherium nouleti (184097) | |
MP 25 | France (Alpes-de-Haute Provence) | Cadurcotherium cayluxi (183364) | |
Oligocene | China (Yunnan) | Gigantamynodon maguanensis (180722) | |
Oligocene | France (Haute-Loire) | Cadurcotherium minus (181111) | |
Oligocene | Kazakhstan | Cadurcodon zaisanensis (177064) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan (Aktyubinskaya) | Cadurcodon kazakademius (73994) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Japan | Amynodon sp. (183070) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Cadurcotherium rakoveci (193750) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | Cadurcotherium sp. (179812) | |
Chattian | Japan (Fukuoka) | Amynodon sp. (45832) | |
Chattian | France | Cadurcotherium cayluxi (60281) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Myanmar | Paramynodon birmanicus (41265) |