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Amynodontidae

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Amynodontidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1883Amynodontidae Scott and Osborn p. 4
1902Amynodontidae Hay p. 641
1919Amynodontinae Peterson p. 130
1942Cadurcotheriinae Kretzoi
1942Paramynodontinae Kretzoi
1954Gigantamynodon Gromova
1954Gigantamynodon cessator Gromova
1955Amynodontidae Hough p. 32
1961Gigantamynodon giganteus Xu
1966Amynodontidae Radinsky p. 631
1986Amynodontidae Wall and Manning p. 911
1986Gigantamynodon Wall and Manning p. 917
1988Amynodontidae Carroll
1988Gigantamynodon Carroll
1989Amynodontidae Prothero and Schoch p. 534
1989Gigantamynodon Prothero and Schoch p. 534
1992Gigantamynodon Qi
1992Gigantamynodon maguanensis Qi
1996Amynodontidae Dashzeveg p. 8
1999Amynodontidae Holbrook p. 346
2016Amynodontidae Wang et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
Tapiromorpha(Haeckel 1873)
Ceratomorpha(Wood 1937)
superfamilyRhinocerotoidea
familyAmynodontidae
familyAmynodontidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Amynodontidae Scott and Osborn 1883
show all | hide all
G. †Amynodon Marsh 1877
+
Amynodon advenus Marsh 1875
+
Invalid names: Amynodon erectus Troxell 1921 [synonym], Amynodon intermedius Osborn 1890 [synonym], Orthocynodon antiquus Scott and Osborn 1882 [synonym]
Amynodon altidens Xu and Chiu 1962
Amynodon alxaensis Qi 1975
Amynodon lunanensis Chow 1964
Amynodon reedi Stock 1939
Amynodon watanabei Tokunaga 1926
G. †Amynodontopsis Stock 1933
+
Amynodontopsis bodei Stock 1933
Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis Wang et al. 2020
G. †Andarakodon Averianov and Potapova 1996
+
Andarakodon kirghisiensis Belyaeva 1971
+
G. †Cadurcodon Kretzoi 1942
+
Cadurcodon ardynense Osborn 1924
Cadurcodon ardynensis Osborn 1924
+
Invalid names: Cadurcodon zaisanensis Belyaeva 1962 [synonym], Hypsamynodon tuskabakensis Biryukov 1963 [synonym]
Cadurcodon houldjinensis Wang et al. 2009
Cadurcodon kazakademius Biryukov 1961
Cadurcodon maomingensis Averianov et al. 2017
Invalid names: Paracadurcodon Xu 1966 [synonym], Sianodon Xu 1965 [synonym]
G. †Cadurcotherium Gervais 1873
+
Cadurcotherium cayluxi Gervais 1873
+
Invalid names: Cadurcotherium nouleti Roman and Joleaud 1909 [synonym]
Cadurcotherium minus Filhol 1880
Cadurcotherium rakoveci Malez and Thenius 1985
Invalid names: Cadurcamynodon Kretzoi 1942 [synonym], Hypsamynodon Gromova 1954 [synonym]
G. †Procadurcodon Gromova 1960
+
Procadurcodon orientalis Gromov 1960
G. †Zaisanamynodon Belyaeva 1971
+
Zaisanamynodon borisovi Belyaeva 1971
Tr. †Metamynodontini Kretzoi 1942
+
G. †Megalamynodon Wood 1945
+
Megalamynodon regalis Wood 1945
G. †Metamynodon Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Metamynodon mckinneyi Wilson and Schiebout 1981
Metamynodon planifrons Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Metamynodon rex Troxell 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cadurcopsis Kretzoi 1942 [synonym]
G. †Paramynodon Matthew 1829
G. †Sellamynodon Tissier et al. 2018
+
Sellamynodon zimborensis Tissier et al. 2018
G. †Orthocynodon Scott and Osborn 1882
G. †Rostriamynodon Wall and Manning 1986
+
Rostriamynodon grangeri Wall and Manning 1986
G. †Sharamynodon Kretozi 1942
+
Sharamynodon kirghisensis Belyaeva 1971
Invalid names: Lushiamynodon Chow and Xu 1965 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amynodontinae Scott and Osborn 1883 [empty], Cadurcotheriinae Kretzoi 1942 [invalid subgroup], Gigantamynodon Gromova 1954 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon cessator Gromova 1954 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon giganteus Xu 1961 [nomen dubium], Gigantamynodon maguanensis Qi 1992 [nomen dubium], Paramynodontinae Kretzoi 1942 [invalid subgroup], Rostriamynodontinae Wall and Manning 1986 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 15:05:00
Modified: 2005-08-31 17:05:00
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Wall 1998, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Middle Eocene to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 48.60000 to 0.78100 Ma

Collections (196 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Lushiamynodon kirghisensis (28490)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Hungary Amynodontidae indet. (52670)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Kazakhstan Sharamynodon mongoliensis (180389)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Oregon) Procadurcodon sp. (16842)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Henan) Gigantamynodon sp., Amynodon sinensis, Amynodon mongoliensis, Lushiamynodon wuchengensis (180777) Lushiamynodon menchiapuensis, Sianodon honanensis (46193) Sianodon mienchiensis (42165) Sianodon sinensis (180849)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Yunnan) Amynodon lunanensis, Amynodon sp. (180768) Amynodon sp., Metamynodon sp., Amynodon altidens (36668)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Guangxi) Amynodon sp., Gigantamynodon sp., Paramynodon sp. (190964)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Nei Mongol) Amynodon mongoliensis (174962) Amynodontidae indet. (28790) Amynodontidae indet., Amynodon mongoliensis, Sianodon ulausuensis, Gigantamynodon promisus, Lushiamynodon sharamurenensis (28786) Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon sp. (28789) Lushiamynodon sharamurenensis (28792) Rostriamynodon grangeri (11740)
Sharamurunian48.6 - 37.2China (Henan) Amynodon sinensis, Cadurcotherium ardynense, Amynodon mongoliensis (41120) Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis (208038) Lushiamynodon obesus, Sianodon sinensis, Sianodon chiyuanensis (42563)
Sharamurunian48.6 - 37.2China (Shanxi) Amynodon sinensis (41117) Amynodon sinensis, Amynodon mongoliensis (42197) Cadurcotherium ardynense, Amynodon mongoliensis, Cadurcodon ardynensis (42198) Cadurcotherium ardynense, Cadurcodon ardynensis (42194) Sianodon sinensis (41116)
Sharamurunian48.6 - 37.2Russian Federation Zaisanamynodon protheroi, Procadurcodon orientalis (192038)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.6 - 33.9Japan (Yamaguchi) Amynodon watanabei (183065)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.6 - 33.9Mongolia Amynodontidae indet. (39810)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.6 - 33.9Japan Amynodon watanabei (183024) Zaisanamynodon protheroi (183063 183064)
Lutetian - Bartonian47.8 - 38.0Hungary Amynodontopsis bodei (191755)
Lutetian - Bartonian47.8 - 38.0China (Guangdong) Cadurcodon maomingensis (151737)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Texas) Amynodon advenus (16528 16650 16651)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (California) Amynodon reedi (16669 16679) Amynodontidae indet. (16763)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Texas) Amynodon advenus (16542) Amynodon sp. (16614)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Montana) Amynodon advenus (16551)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (California) Amynodontidae indet. (16585)
Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Montana) Amynodon sp. (222918 222919)
Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (California) Amynodon advenus (16510 16792) Amynodon intermedius (16541) Amynodon sp. (16526 16544 16791) Amynodon sp., Amynodontopsis bodei (16590) Amynodontidae indet. (16591) Rhinocerotoidea indet. (16790)
Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Wyoming) Amynodon advenus (16512 16520 16523 16648 223472) Amynodon sp. (16507 16511 16556 16557 16559 16560 16562 16569 16571 16580 16582 16630 16645 16649 223455) Amynodontidae indet. (16513 16517)
Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Texas) Amynodon advenus (16653) Amynodon sp. (16539) Amynodontidae indet. (16534 16537) Metamynodon mckinneyi (16599 16633)
Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Utah) Amynodon advenus (16589 16607 16654 222805) Amynodon advenus, Amynodon reedi (16646) Amynodon sp. (16656) Megalamynodon regalis (16637)
Uintan - Duchesnean46.2 - 37.2USA (California) Amynodon reedi (16533)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar Metamynodon birmanicus (41158 41163 41207) Metamynodon birmanicus, Metamynodon cotteri (41331) Metamynodon cotteri (41104 41456) Paramynodon birmanicus (41180 41264 41281 41282 41283 41285 41287 41290 41291 41304 41307 41313 41314 41315 41316 41317 41318 41320 41321 41323)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Bulgaria Cadurcodon ardynense (193753 193754)
Bartonian - Rupelian41.3 - 28.1Mexico (Oaxaca) Amynodontopsis sp. (166797)
Duchesnean40.4 - 37.2USA (California) Amynodon sp. (16527) Amynodontopsis bodei (16805 16806 16808 16810 16811 16850)
Duchesnean40.4 - 37.2USA (Texas) Amynodontopsis bodei (16838 16841 16856 16857) Metamynodon sp. (16828 16835)
Duchesnean40.4 - 37.2USA (South Dakota) Amynodontopsis bodei (16823 16824 16825)
Duchesnean40.4 - 37.2USA (New Mexico) Amynodon sp. (16872)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Romania (Cluj) Amynodontopsis bodei (191754)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Metamynodon chadronensis (17012)
Early/Lower Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Metamynodon planifrons (16906)
Houldjinian37.2 - 33.9China (Nei Mongol) Cadurcodon ardynensis, Cadurcotherium sp. (72147)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Japan Zaisanamynodon borisovi (183071)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia Cadurcotherium ardynense (73781)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Nei Mongol) Cadurcodon houldjinensis (174913 182572 182573 182574) Zaisanamynodon borisovi (180941)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia (Dornogobi Aimag) Amynodontidae indet. (152082)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia (Dornogov) Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon sp. (205811) Cadurcodon ardynensis (38303 38309) Cadurcodon sp. (176016) Gigantamynodon sp. (174918) Gigantamynodon sp., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon cessator (174716)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Yunnan) Cadurcodon sp., Metamynodon sp., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon giganteus (182580)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Xinjiang) Amynodontidae indet., Cadurcodon ardynensis, Gigantamynodon giganteus (174976 174977)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Kazakhstan Zaisanamynodon borisovi (177066)
Ulangochuian37.2 - 33.9China (Nei Mongol) Amynodon mongoliensis, Zaisanamynodon borisovi (73811) Zaisanamynodon borisovi (73810 180943)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.2 - 28.4Japan Amynodontidae indet. (183069 183072)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.2 - 28.4Romania Sellamynodon zimborensis (191753)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.2 - 28.4China (shaanxi) Amynodon sp., Sianodon gaowangouensis (42749) Sianodon bahoensis (42690) Sianodon sp., Sianodon bahoensis (42688)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (North Dakota) Metamynodon sp. (17101)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Mississippi) Metamynodon planifrons (17071)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (South Dakota) Metamynodon planifrons (17141) Metamynodon sp. (17295)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Metamynodon sp. (17064)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4China (Yunnan) Amynodontidae indet. (175142)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Kazakhstan Cadurcodon ardynensis, Amynodon tuskabakensis (177065) Cadurcodon kazakademius (177063)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4China (Nei Mongol) Amynodon alxaensis (180730) Amynodontidae indet., Amynodon alxaensis, Paracadurcodon suhaituensis (174915) Cadurcodon sp. (174759) Paracadurcodon sp. (180729) Sianodon sp., Paracadurcodon suhaituensis (180776)
MP 22 - MP 2333.9 - 28.4France Cadurcotherium cayluxi (193752)
MP 2433.9 - 28.4France Cadurcotherium cayluxi (193751)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Switzerland (Canton Jura) Cadurcotherium minus (182608)
MP 2533.9 - 23.03France (Alpes-de-Haute Provence) Cadurcotherium cayluxi (183364)
MP 2533.9 - 23.03Spain (Cuenca) Cadurcotherium nouleti (184097)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03France (Haute-Loire) Cadurcotherium minus (181111)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03USA (Mississippi) Metamynodon planifrons (163855)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03China (Yunnan) Gigantamynodon maguanensis (180722)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Kazakhstan Cadurcodon zaisanensis (177064)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Bosnia and Herzegovina Cadurcotherium rakoveci (193750)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Pakistan (Baluchistan) Cadurcotherium sp. (179812)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kazakhstan (Aktyubinskaya) Cadurcodon kazakademius (73994)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Japan Amynodon sp. (183070)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Japan (Fukuoka) Amynodon sp. (45832)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France Cadurcotherium cayluxi (60281)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Myanmar Paramynodon birmanicus (41265)