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Ceratotherium (white rhino)

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1868Ceratotherium Gray
1975Ceratotherium Loose
1988Ceratotherium Carroll
1989Ceratotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 536
2003Ceratotherium Theodorou et al.
2005Ceratotherium Antoine and Saraç p. 603
2011Ceratotherium Deng et al. p. 1287
2017Ceratotherium Böhme et al.
2017Ceratotherium Geraads
2018Ceratotherium Tsoukala

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
—Tapiromorpha(Haeckel 1873)
—Ceratomorpha(Wood 1937)
superfamilyRhinocerotoidea
familyRhinocerotidae
subfamilyRhinocerotinae
tribeRhinocerotini
genusCeratotheriumGray 1868

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ceratotherium Gray 1868 [white rhino]
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Ceratotherium cottoni Lydekker 1908 [northern white rhinoceros]
†Ceratotherium neumayri Osborn 1900
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Invalid names: Diceros pachygnathus Guéran 1980 [synonym]
Ceratotherium simum Burchell 1821 [white rhinoceros]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999g
Created: 2005-08-31 15:11:36
Modified: 2005-08-31 17:11:36
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Vallesian to the top of the Holocene or 11.60800 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 8.7 Ma

Collections (207 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Ceratotherium praecox (22220) Ceratotherium sp. (22229)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Ceratotherium praecox (22373 22379 22381 22386 22387 22399 22428)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (22128)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Ceratotherium praecox (22139 22179)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Greece (Central Macedonia) Ceratotherium neumayeri (202119)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Attiki) Ceratotherium neumayri (195555)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey (Denizli) Ceratotherium neumayri (197642)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey (Usak) Ceratotherium neumayri (34462)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Euboea) Ceratotherium neumayri (195434)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey (Cankiri) Ceratotherium neumayri (184368)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa (Namaqualand) Ceratotherium praecox (51189)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Morocco Ceratotherium sp. (210194)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Drama) Rhinocerotidae sp. (182682)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Bulgaria Ceratotherium sp. (208566 208567 208568 208569)
MN 127.75 - 7.246Turkey (Anatolia) Rhinocerotidae indet. (60534)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (22307) Ceratotherium sp. (22275 22316)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Ceratotherium praecox (59167)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya (Turkana District) Ceratotherium praecox (21332)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Tanzania Ceratotherium praecox (22044)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Ceratotherium praecox (22222) Ceratotherium sp. (100313)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Ceratotherium praecox (21737 22160 22174)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Ceratotherium praecox (21335 21336)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (22234)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa Ceratotherium praecox (74791)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi Ceratotherium simum (22271)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ukraine (Odessa) Diceros pachygnathus (76502)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (21616) Rhinocerotidae indet. (21754 21755)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Ceratotherium praecox (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi (Northern) Ceratotherium sp. (226065)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (21434 22235 22239)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Tanzania Ceratotherium praecox, Ceratotherium simum (21830)
Zanclean - Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Kenya Ceratotherium praecox, Ceratotherium simum (22267) Ceratotherium simum (22280)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (22027)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Ethiopia Ceratotherium sp. (22560 22564)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malawi Ceratotherium simum (22323)
Zanclean - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (22197)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa Ceratotherium simum (22340)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Morocco Ceratotherium mauritanicum (32052)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Langebaanweg) Ceratotherium praecox (21713)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) Ceratotherium sp. (224654)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Ceratotherium praecox (21783) Ceratotherium simum (21608 21637 21640 21762 21785 22032 22035)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (21482)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania Ceratotherium praecox (21807 21808 21811 21812 21818) Ceratotherium praecox, Ceratotherium simum (21789 21793 21795 21796 21798 21799 21800 21801 21802 21806 21810 21813 21831 21832) Ceratotherium simum (21787 21790 21794)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad Ceratotherium praecox (21962 22505 22506)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Ethiopia (Afar) Ceratotherium sp. (224657)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Kenya (Rift Valley) Ceratotherium simum (21288 21289 21292)
Piacenzian - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Kenya Ceratotherium praecox (22238)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (21551 21554 21555 21609 21610 21618 21621 21625 21642 21657 21660 21665 21666 21668 21673 21683 21741 21742 21999 22025 22039)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Ceratotherium praecox (21814 21815) Ceratotherium simum (22596)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya (Rift Valley) Ceratotherium simum (21282 21283 21353 21355)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Ceratotherium simum (21398 21457 21471 21474 21503)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Algeria Ceratotherium mauritanicum (69723)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Eritrea (Buia) Ceratotherium simum (193126)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (28993)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Ceratotherium simum (21350)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) Ceratotherium simum (22491 22492 22494 22498)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Ceratotherium simum (21367 21378 21396 21402 21454 21462 21502 21515 21532)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Libya Ceratotherium simum (21864)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Egypt Ceratotherium simum (21875 21876)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Djibouti Ceratotherium sp. (22482)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Eritrea (Afar Depression) Ceratotherium simum (22488)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Ceratotherium simum (21695 21929 21931 21953)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Morocco Ceratotherium simum (34329)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Ceratotherium simum (38039) Ceratotherium sp. (21836 21838 22268 22269 22270)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Ceratotherium simum (21711)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Libya Ceratotherium sp., Ceratotherium simum (21884)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Algeria Ceratotherium simum (22584)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) Ceratotherium simum (22552 22553 22554 22558 22577 22578 22579 22583)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Ceratotherium simum (21970 21972 22041 22064 22337 22621 22626 22627)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Ceratotherium simum (21347 21361)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa Ceratotherium simum (21923 21928)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Ceratotherium simum (32077 32085) Ceratotherium sp. (21833)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Tunisia (Kef) Ceratotherium simum (196971)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Morocco Ceratotherium simum (34287 34330)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Ethiopia Ceratotherium simum (22169 22177)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Tanzania Ceratotherium simum (21893)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Ceratotherium simum (22272 22276)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Ceratotherium smum (21709)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Ceratotherium simum (208787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Ceratotherium simum (21936)