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Mammuthus (mammoth)

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1828Mammuthus Brookes
1888Archidiskodon Pohlig
1888Archidiskodon Pohling
1924Parelephas Osborn
1953Mammuthus (Archidiskodon) Haury et al. p. 21
1953Mammuthus (Parelephas) Haury et al. p. 21
1955Mammuthus Hibbard p. 220
1967Mammuthus Wilson p. 214
1974Mammuthus Puckette and Scholtz p. 53
1980Mammuthus Kurten and Anderson p. 350
1983Archidiskodon Jin
1988Mammuthus Carroll
1995Mammuthus Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 244
1995Mammuthus Kalb and Frohelich p. 732
1996Mammuthus Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997Mammuthus McKenna and Bell p. 504
1998Mammuthus Lambert and Shoshani p. 608
1999Mammuthus Barriel et al.
2005Mammuthus Shoshani and Tassy p. 10 figs. Table 2
2006Mammuthus Rogaev et al.
2007Mammuthus Christiansen p. 428
2007Mammuthus Sanders p. 10
2010Mammuthus Rohland et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
superfamilyElephantoidea
familyElephantidae
subfamilyElephantinaeGray 1821
tribeElephantiniGray 1821
genusMammuthusBrookes 1828

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
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†Mammuthus chosaricus Dubrovo 1966
†Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
†Mammuthus creticus Bate 1907
†Mammuthus exilis Maglio 1970 [pygmy mammoth]
†Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
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Invalid names: Elephas haroldcooki Hay 1928 [synonym], Elephas scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus lamarmorae Major 1883
†Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825
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Invalid names: Archidiskodon nebrascensis Osborn 1932 [synonym], Archidiskodon scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 [wooly mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas boreus Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Mammuthus trogontherii Pohlig 1885
Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean
M2 height1137.0
M3 height1228.0
m3 height1145.0

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: grazer based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:21:31
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:24:32
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Vallesian to the top of the Holocene or 11.60800 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (668 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Mammuthus sp. (22344)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58USA (West Virginia) Mammuthus sp. (123931)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Elephas imperator (190543)
Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene15.97 - 0.781Netherlands Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus primigenius (189573)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Mammuthus subplanifrons (22139 22162 22179)
Vallesian - Turolian11.608 - 5.333Italy (Foggia) Mammuthus lamarmorae (33295)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Mammuthus subplanifrons (59167)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Mammuthus sp. (22135)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Suffolk) Mammuthus primigenius (195204)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Elephas columbi (34269 104046) Mammuthus columbi (154804) Mammuthus columbi, Mammuthus imperator (74292) Mammuthus sp. (154910) Parelephas columbi (154773)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Sonora) Mammuthus sp. (85156 85157)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Hungary (Barany) Mammuthus primigenius (197461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Drama) Mammuthus primigenius (204391)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) Mammuthus sp. (108267 108268)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Guatemala (El Petén) Mammuthus columbi (189383)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0North Atlantic Elephas primigenius (102954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (New Mexico) Elephas sp. (93376 93377)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Mammuthus primigenius (92955) Mammuthus sp. (220460)