PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Embrithopoda

Mammalia - Embrithopoda

Taxonomy

Embrithopoda is an order. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Ungulata by Gregory (1910); to Eparctocyona by McKenna (1975); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988); to Altungulata by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Paenungulata by Erdal et al. (2016); and to Tethytheria by Court (1990) and Gheerbrant et al. (2018).

Subtaxa

Arsinoitheriidae, Lunania, Namatherium, Stylolophidae, Stylolophus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1910	Embrithopoda Gregory p. 466
1975	Embrithopoda McKenna p. 43
1988	Embrithopoda Carroll
1989	Embrithopoda Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1990	Embrithopoda Court p. 179
2016	Embrithopoda Erdal et al.
2018	Embrithopoda Gheerbrant et al. p. 2

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Tethytheria
order	Embrithopoda
order	Embrithopoda

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Embrithopoda

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Fm. †Arsinoitheriidae Andrews 1904

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Subfm. †Arsinoitheriinae Sen and Heintz 1979

G. †Arsinotherium

G. †Arsinoitherium Beadnell 1902

†Arsinoitherium giganteum Sanders et al. 2004

†Arsinoitherium zitelli Beadnell 1902

†Arsinoitherium zitteli Beadnell 1902

Invalid names: Arsinoitherium andrewsi Lankester 1903 [synonym]

Subfm. †Palaeoamasiinae Sen and Heintz 1979

G. †Crivadiatherium Radulesco et al. 1976

†Crivadiatherium iliescui Radulesco and Sudre 1985

†Crivadiatherium mackennai Radulesco et al. 1976

G. Hypsamasia Maas et al. 1998

†Hypsamasia seni Maas et al. 1998

G. †Palaeoamasia Ozansoy 1966

†Palaeoamasia kansui Ozansoy 1966

G. †Lunania Chow 1957

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†Lunania zhoui Huang 2002

G. †Namatherium Pickford et al. 2008

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†Namatherium blackcrowense Pickford et al. 2008

G. †Stylolophus Gheerbrant et al. 2018

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†Stylolophus major Gheerbrant et al. 2021

†Stylolophus minor Gheerbrant et al. 2018

Invalid names: Stylolophidae Gheerbrant et al. 2021 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialsubc

Diet:

insectivoresubc

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-09-06 20:43:42

Modified:

2005-09-06 22:44:32

Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Chattian or 55.80000 to 23.03000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 47.8 Ma

Collections (31 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco	Stylolophus major (213142) Stylolophus minor (158991) Stylolophus sp. (71235)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco (Chaouia-Ouardigha)	Stylolophus minor (87890)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Turkey (Amasya)	Palaeoamasia kansui (84608)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	Turkey	Palaeoamasia kansui (84607 84609 182489)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Turkey (Anatolia)	Embrithopoda indet. (43624)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Turkey (Ankara)	Hypsamasia seni (84511)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Namibia (Sperrgebiet)	Namatherium blackcrowensis (149173)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Shanxi)	Lunania zhoui (175227)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Yunnan)	Lunania n. sp. (36668)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Henan)	Lunania youngi (46193)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Romania (Hunedoara Departement)	Crivadiatherium mackennai, Crivadiatherium iliescui (36132)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Oman	Arsinoitherium sp. (84510)
Bartonian - Late/Upper Eocene	41.3 - 33.9	Libya	Arsinoitherium sp. (55449)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Turkey	Palaeoamasia n. sp. (182498)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Tunisia	Arsinoitherium sp. (182490)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Oman (Dhofar)	Arsinoitherium andrewsi (179726) Arsinoitherium indet. (192927) Arsinotherium andrewsi, Arsinoitherium indet. (162464 175334) Arsinotherium indet. (192925)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Egypt (Fayum)	Arsinoitherium sp. (60127) Arsinoitherium zitteli, Arsinoitherium andrewsi (65960)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Turkey	Palaeoamasia n. sp. (182499)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Angola (Cabinda)	Arsinoitherium indet. (56682)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Saudi Arabia (Al Hijaz)	Arsinoitherium zitteli (97221)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Kenya (Turkana)	Arsinoitherium sp. (174662)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Ethiopia	Arsinoitherium sp. (71941)