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Panperissodactyla

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Panperissodactyla was named by Welker et al. (2015). It is considered to be a form taxon. It was considered monophyletic by Welker et al. (2015).

It was assigned to Euungulata by Welker et al. (2015).

Sister taxa
Phenacodonta

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2015Panperissodactyla Welker et al. fig. 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
Panperissodactyla

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Panperissodactyla Welker et al. 2015
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Or. †Panameriungulata de Muizon and Cifelli 2000
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Fm. †Didolodontidae Simpson 1934
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G. †Archaeohyracotherium Ameghino 1906
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G. †Argyrolambda Ameghino 1904
G. †Depaulacoutoia Cifelli and Ortiz-Jaureguizar 2014
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Invalid names: Paulacoutoia Cifelli 1983 [replaced]
G. †Didolodus Ameghino 1897
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Didolodus magnus Gelfo 2010
Didolodus minor Simpson 1948
Didolodus multicuspis Ameghino 1897
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Invalid names: Argyrolambda conidens Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Argyrolambda conulifera Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Didolodus colligatus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Didolodus crassicuspis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Didolodus dispar Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Lonchoconus lanceolatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Nephacodus latigonus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cephanodus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Lonchoconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Nephacodus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
G. †Enneoconus Ameghino 1901
G. †Ernestokokenia Ameghino 1901
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Ernestokokenia chaishoer Simpson 1935
Ernestokokenia nitida Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Enneoconus parvidens Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Ernestokokenia marginata Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Ernestokokenia patagonica Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Euprotogonia trigonalis Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Ernestokokenia yirunhor Simpson 1935
Invalid names: Notoprotogonia Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Escribania Bonaparte et al. 1993
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Escribania chubutensis Bonaparte et al. 1993
Escribania talonicuspis Gelfo et al. 2007
G. †Lamegoia Paula Couto 1952
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Lamegoia conodonta Paula Couto 1952
G. †Paulogervaisia Ameghino 1901
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Paulogervaisia inusta Ameghino 1901
Paulogervaisia mamma Ameghino 1901
Paulogervaisia porca Ameghino 1901
G. †Proectocion Ameghino 1904
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Proectocion argentinus Ameghino 1904
Proectocion precisus Ameghino 1904
Invalid names: Oxybunotherium Pascual 1965 [synonym]
G. †Raulvaccia Bonaparte et al. 1993
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Raulvaccia peligrensis Bonaparte et al. 1993
G. †Ricardocifellia Mones 2015
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Ricardocifellia protocenica Paula Couto 1952
G. †Salladolodus Soria and Hoffstetter 1983
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Salladolodus deuterotherioides Soria and Hoffstetter 1983
G. †Saltaodus Gelfo et al. 2020
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Saltaodus sirolli Gelfo et al. 2020
G. †Umayodus Gelfo and Sigé 2011
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Umayodus raimondi Gelfo and Sigé 2011
Invalid names: Bunolitopternidae Schlosser 1823 [synonym], Didolodidae Scott 1913 [replaced]
Subor. †Litopterna Ameghino 1889
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Fm. †Adianthidae Ameghino 1891
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Subfm. †Adianthinae
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G. †Adianthus Ameghino 1891
G. †Proadiantus Ameghino 1897
G. †Proheptaconus Bordas 1936
G. †Thadanius Cifelli and Soria 1983
G. †Tricoelodus Ameghino 1897
Subfm. †Indaleciinae Bond and Vucetich 1983
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G. †Adiantoides Simpson and Minoprio 1949
G. †Indalecia Bond and Vucetich 1983
G. †Proheptoconus Bordas 1936
G. †Eolicaphrium Ameghino 1902
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Eolicaphrium primarium Ameghino 1902
Subor. †Lopholipterna Cifelli 1983
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Invalid names: Macrauchenioidea Cifelli 1983 [empty], Proterotherioidea Ameghino 1887 [empty]
Fm. †Macraucheniidae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Amilnedwardsia Ameghino 1901
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Amilnedwardsia brevicula Ameghino 1901
Subfm. †Cramaucheniinae Ameghino 1902
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G. †Coniopternium Ameghino 1894
G. †Cramauchenia Ameghino 1902
G. †Polymorphis Roth 1899
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Invalid names: Megacrodon Roth 1899 [synonym]
G. †Pternoconius Cifelli and Soria 1983
G. †Theosodon Ameghino 1887
Invalid names: Theosodontinae Ameghino 1902 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Ernestohaeckelia Ameghino 1901
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Ernestohaeckelia aculeata Ameghino 1901
Ernestohaeckelia acutidens Ameghino 1901
G. †Llullataruca McGrath et al. 2018
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Llullataruca shockeyi McGrath et al. 2018
G. †Macrauchenidia Cabrera 1939
Subfm. †Macraucheniinae Gervais 1855
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G. †Cullinia Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. Huayqueriana Kraglievich 1934
G. †Macrauchenia Owen 1838
G. †Macraucheniopsis Paula Couto 1945
G. †Oxyodontherium Ameghino 1883
G. †Paranauchenia Ameghino 1904
G. †Phoenixauchenia Ameghino 1904
G. †Promacrauchenia Ameghino 1904
G. †Scalabrinitherium Ameghino 1883
G. †Windhausenia Kraglievich 1930
G. †Xenorhinotherium Cartelle and Lessa 1988
G. †Macrauchenopsis Paula Couto 1945
G. †Notodiaphorus Loomis 1914
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Notodiaphorus crassus Loomis 1914
G. †Pseudomacrauchenia Kraglievich 1930
G. †Rutimeyeria Ameghino 1901
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Rutimeyeria conulifera Ameghino 1901
G. †Victorlemoineia Ameghino 1901
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Victorlemoinea longidens Ameghino 1901
Victorlemoineia emarginata Ameghino 1901
Victorlemoineia prototypica Paula Couto 1952
Invalid names: Polymorphinae Simpson 1945 [empty]
Fm. †Mesorhinidae Ameghino 1891
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G. †Coelosoma Ameghino 1891
G. †Mesorhinus Ameghino 1885
G. †Pseudocoelosoma Ameghino 1891
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Pseudocoelosoma patagonica Ameghino 1891
Fm. †Notonychopidae Soria 1989
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G. †Notonychops Soria 1989
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Notonychops powelli Soria 1989
G. †Requisia Bonaparte and Morales 1997
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Requisia vidmari Bonaparte and Morales 1997
G. †Wainka Simpson 1935
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Wainka tshotshe Simpson 1935
Fm. †Proterotheriidae Ameghino 1887
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G. †Anisolambda Ameghino 1901
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Anisolambda amel Simpson 1948
Anisolambda fissidens Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Josepholeidya Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Subfm. †Anisolambdinae Cifelli 1983
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G. †Paranisolambda Cifelli 1983
G. †Protheosodon Ameghino 1897
G. †Anisolophus Burmeister 1885
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Anisolophus floweri Ameghino 1887
Tr. †Brachytherini Ameghino 1891
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G. †Proterotherium Ameghino 1883
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Invalid names: Anomodontherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Diadiaphorus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Diaphragmodon Mercerat 1893 [synonym], Heptaconus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Oreomeryx Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Tichodon Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
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Caliphrium simplex Ameghino 1894
G. †Deuterotherium Ameghino 1895
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Deuterotherium distichum Ameghino 1894
G. †Diplasiotherium Rovereto 1914
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Diplasiotherium pampa Soria 2001
Diplasiotherium robustum Rovereto 1914
G. †Eoauchenia Ameghino 1887
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Eoauchenia cingulata Cabrera 1939
Eoauchenia primitiva Ameghino 1887
G. †Eoproterotherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Eoprotherotherium Ameghino 1904
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G. †Epecuenia Cabrera 1939
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Epecuenia thoatherioides Cabrera 1939
G. †Guilielmofloweria Ameghino 1901
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Guilielmofloweria plicata Ameghino 1901
G. †Heteroglyphis Roth 1899
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G. †Lambdaconus Ameghino 1897
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Lambdaconus inaequifacies Ameghino 1904
Lambdaconus lacerum Ameghino 1902
Lambdaconus suinus Ameghino 1897
G. †Licaphrops Ameghino 1904
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Licaphrops coalescens Ameghino 1904
Licaphrops festinus Ameghino 1902
G. †Lophogododon Ameghino 1904
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Lophogododon paranensis Ameghino 1904
Subfm. †Megadolodinae Cifelli and Villarroel 1997
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G. †Bounodus Carlini et al. 2006
G. †Megadolodus McKenna 1956
G. †Mesolicaphrium McGrath et al. 2020
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Mesolicaphrium sanalfonense Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
G. †Neodolodus Hoffstetter and Soria 1986
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Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter and Soria 1986
G. †Neolicaphrium Frenguelli 1921
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Neolicaphrium major Soria 2001
Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli 1921
G. †Olisanophus McGrath et al. 2020
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Olisanophus akilachuta McGrath et al. 2020
Olisanophus riorosarioensis McGrath et al. 2020
G. †Paramacrauchenia Bordas 1939
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Paramacrauchenia scammata Ameghino 1902
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Invalid names: Prothoatherium plicatum Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Paramacrauchenia scamnata Ameghino 1902
G. †Phoradiadius Simpson et al. 1962
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Phoradiadius divortiensis Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Picturotherium Kramarz and Bond 2005
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Picturotherium migueli Kramarz and Bond 2005
G. †Polyacrodon Roth 1899
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+
Invalid names: Decaconus intricatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Polyacrodon ligatus Roth 1899
Invalid names: Decaconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oroacrodon Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Periacrodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Prolicaphrium Ameghino 1902
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Prolicaphrium specillatum Ameghino 1902
Prolicaphrium spectabile Ameghino 1902
G. †Promylophis Shockey et al. 2022
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Promylophis cifellii Shockey et al. 2022
Subfm. †Proterotheriinae Ameghino 1885
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G. †Brachytherium Ameghino 1883
G. †Neobrachytherium Soria 2001
G. †Pseudobrachytherium Corona et al. 2020
Tr. †Proterotherini Ameghino 1891
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G. †Licaphrium Ameghino 1887
G. †Prothoatherium Ameghino 1902
G. †Ricardolydekkeria Ameghino 1901
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Ricardolydekkeria cinctula Ameghino 1904
Ricardolydekkeria lunulata Ameghino 1904
Ricardolydekkeria praerupta Ameghino 1901
Ricardolydekkeria profunda Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Heterolambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Lopholambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Tetramerorhinus Ameghino 1894
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Tetramerorhinus cingulatum Ameghino 1891
Tetramerorhinus fleaglei Kramarz and Bond 2005
Tetramerorhinus fortis Ameghino 1894
Tetramerorhinus lucarius Ameghino 1894
Tetramerorhinus prosistens Ameghino 1899
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Invalid names: Diadiaphorus zamius Ameghino 1899 [synonym], Heptaconus obcallatus Ameghino 1899 [synonym]
G. †Thoatherium Ameghino 1887
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Thoatherium bilobatum Ameghino 1904
Thoatherium crepidatum Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Merycodon damesi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Rhagodon gracilis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Thoatherium karaikense Ameghino 1904
Thoatherium minusculum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Merycodon rusticus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Thoatherium rhabdodon Ameghino 1894
Thoatherium velatum Ameghino 1904
Invalid names: Merycodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Rhagodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Villarroelia Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
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Villarroelia totoyoi Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
G. †Xesmodon Berg 1899
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Xesmodon langi Roth 1899
Xesmodon prolixus Roth 1899
Invalid names: Glyphodon Roth 1899 [replaced]
Invalid names: Anisolambda nodulosa Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Bunodontheridae Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Fm. †Protolipternidae Cifelli 1983
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G. †Asmithwoodwardia Ameghino 1901
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Asmithwoodwardia scotti Paula Couto 1952
Asmithwoodwardia subtrigona Ameghino 1901
G. †Miguelsoria Cifelli 1983
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Miguelsoria parayirunhor Paula Couto 1952
G. †Protolipterna Cifelli 1983
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Fm. †Sparnotheriodontidae Soria 1980
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G. †Notiolofos Bond et al. 2009
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Notiolofos arquinotiensis Bond et al. 2006
Notiolofos regueroi Gelfo et al. 2017
G. †Notolophus Bond et al. 2006
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Notolophus arquinotiensis Bond et al. 2006
G. †Sparnotheriodon Soria 1980
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G. †Thoatheriopsis Soria 2001
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Invalid names: Eolitopterna Soria 2001 [empty], Lambdaconus elegans Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Paulogervaisia celata Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Proacrodon Roth 1899 [nomen vanum], Proacrodon transformatus Roth 1899 [nomen vanum], Proadiantus gibbus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]
Superor. Perissodactylamorpha Rose et al. 2020
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Or. Perissodactyla Owen 1848 [odd-toed ungulate]
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Fm. †Anthracobunidae Wells and Gingerich 1983
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G. †Anthracobune Pilgrim 1940
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Anthracobune aijiensis Kumar 1991
Anthracobune daviesi Pilgrim 1940
Anthracobune pinfoldi Pilgrim 1940
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Invalid names: Pilgrimella pilgrimi Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 [synonym]
Anthracobune wardi Pilgrim 1940
G. †Ishatherium Sahni and Kumar 1980
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Ishatherium subathuensis Sahni and Kumar 1980
G. †Jozaria Wells and Gingerich 1983
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Jozaria palustris Wells and Gingerich 1983
G. †Lammidhania Gingerich 1977
G. †Obergfellia Cooper et al. 2014
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Obergfellia occidentalis Cooper et al. 2014
G. †Pilgrimella Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Fm. †Brontotheriidae Marsh 1873 [brontothere]
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G. †Balochititanops Missiaen et al. 2011
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Balochititanops haqi Missiaen et al. 2011
Subfm. †Brontotheriinae Marsh 1873
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G. †Acrotitan Ye 1983
Tr. †Brontotheriini Marsh 1873
G. †Bunobrontops Holroyd and Ciochon 2000
G. †Desmatotitan Granger and Gregory 1943
Tr. †Dolichorhinini Riggs 1912
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Invalid names: Rhadinorhininae Osborn 1929 [synonym]
Unr. †Embolotheriita Osborn 1929
G. †Metarhinus Osborn 1908
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Invalid names: Heterotitanops Peterson 1914 [synonym], Rhadinorhinus Riggs 1912 [synonym]
G. †Protitanotherium Osborn 1908
G. †Telmatherium Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Leurocephalus Osborn et al. 1878 [synonym], Manteoceras Hatcher 1895 [synonym], Telmatotherium Marsh 1872 [synonym]
G. †Danjiangia Wang 1995
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Danjiangia lambdodon Bai et al. 2018
Danjiangia pingi Wang 1995
Subfm. †Embolotheriinae Osborn 1929
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G. †Titanodectes Granger and Gregory 1943
Subfm. †Eotitanopinae Osborn 1913
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G. †Eotitanops Osborn 1907
G. †Lambdotherium Cope 1880
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+
Invalid names: Lambdotherium magnum Osborn 1919 [synonym], Lambdotherium primaevum Loomis 1907 [synonym], Lambdotherium priscum Osborn 1913 [synonym], Lambdotherium progressum Osborn 1913 [synonym]
G. †Metatelmatherium Granger and Gregory 1938
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Metatelmatherium cristatum Granger and Gregory 1938
Metatelmatherium ultimum Osborn 1908
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Invalid names: Manteoceras uintensis Douglass 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Metatelmatherium lahirii Pilgrim 1925 [nomen dubium], Metatelmatherium parvum Granger and Gregory 1943 [nomen dubium]
G. †Mulkrajanops Kumar and Sahni 1985
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Mulkrajanops moghliensis Kumar and Sahni 1985
Mulkrajanops mogliensis Kumar and Sahni 1985
G. †Pakotitanops West 1980
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Subfm. †Palaeosyopinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
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G. †Palaeosyops Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Eometarhinus Osborn 1919 [synonym], Limnohyops Marsh 1890 [synonym], Limnohyus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
G. †Sivatitanops Pilgrim 1925
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Sivatitanops cotteri Pilgrim 1925
Invalid names: Sivatitanops birmanicum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sthenodectes Gregory 1912
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Sthenodectes incisivum Douglass 1909
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Invalid names: Sthenodectes priscus Peterson 1934 [synonym]
G. †Xylotitan Mihlbachler and Samuels 2016
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Xylotitan cenosus Mihlbachler and Samuels 2016
Invalid names: Brontopinae Osborn 1914 [invalid subgroup], Epimanteoceratinae Granger and Gregory 1943 [empty], Menodontidae Cope 1881 [invalid subgroup], Titanotheriidae [synonym]
Fm. †Cambaytheriidae Bajpai et al. 2005
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G. †Kalitherium Bajpai et al. 2006
G. †Cambaytherium Bajpai et al. 2005
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Cambaytherium gracilis Smith et al. 2016
Cambaytherium marinus Bajpai et al. 2006
Cambaytherium thewissi Bajpai et al. 2005
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Invalid names: Cambaytherium bidens Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Cambaytherium minor Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Indobune vastanensis Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Invalid names: Indobune Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Or. †Desmostylia Reinhart 1953 [desmostylian]
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G. †Behemotops Domning et al. 1986
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Behemotops katsuiei Inuzuka 2000
Behemotops proteus Domning et al. 1986
Or. †Desmostyloidea Abel 1933
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Fm. †Desmostylidae Osborn 1905
Fm. †Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart 1959
G. †Jamilcotatus Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
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Jamilcotatus boreios Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
Jamilcotatus kumiaica Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
G. †Kronokotherium Pronina 1957
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G. †Seuku Beatty and Cockburn 2015
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Seuku emlongi Domning et al. 1986
Invalid names: Cornwalliidae Shikama 1966 [empty], Desmostyliformes Hay 1923 [synonym]
Superfm. Equoidea Hay 1902
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G. †Cymbalophus Hooker 1980
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Cymbalophus cuniculus Owen 1842
Cymbalophus hookeri Godinot et al. 1987
Fm. Equidae Gray 1821 [horse]
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Subfm. †Anchitheriinae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
G. †Duchesnehippus Peterson 1932
G. †Eohippus Marsh 1876
G. †Epihippus Marsh 1878
Subfm. Equinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
G. †Erihippus Bai et al. 2018
G. †Gobihippus Dashzeveg 1979
G. †Hipphaplus Ameghino 1882
G. †Hyperhippidium Sefve 1910
G. †Hypohippidium Fernandez de Alvarez 1957
Subfm. †Hyracotheriinae Cope 1881
G. †Lophiopus Ellenberger 1980
G. †Minippus Froehlich 2002
G. †Orohippus Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Helohippus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Helotherium Cope 1872 [synonym], Oligotomus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Plesiohipparion Qiu et al. 1987
G. †Pliolophus Owen 1858
G. †Protorohippus Wortman 1896
G. †Sifrhippus Froehlich 2002
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Invalid names: Arenahippus Froehlich 2002 [synonym]
G. †Sivalhippus Lydekker 1877
G. †Xenicohippus Bown and Kihm 1981
Invalid names: Protohippinae Gidley 1907 [empty]
Fm. †Pachynolophidae Pavlow 1888
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Subfm. †Plagiolophinae Remy 1976
Fm. †Palaeotheriidae Bonaparte 1850
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G. †Cantabrotherium Casanova-Cladellas and Santafe-Llopis 1987
G. †Eurohippus Franzen 2006
G. †Franzenium Casanovas and Santafe 1989
G. †Hyracotherium Owen 1841
G. †Iberolophus Badiola and Cuesta 2008
G. †Leptolophus Remy 1965
G. †Orolophus Remy 2017
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Invalid names: Orotherium Marsh 1872 [replaced]
Subfm. †Pachynolophinae Paulow 1877
Subfm. †Palaeotheriinae Bonaparte 1850
G. †Paraplagiolophus Depéret 1917
G. †Propachynolophus Lemoine 1891
G. †Pseudopalaeotherium Franzen 1972
G. †Ghazijhippus Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
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Ghazijhippus talibhasani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Hallensia Franzen and Haubold 1986
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Hallensia louisi Hooker 1994
Hallensia matthesi Franzen and Haubold 1986
Subor. †Lophodontomorpha Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
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Infraor. †Euperissodactyla Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
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Unr. †Hippomorpha
G. †Orientolophus Ting 1993
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G. †Mesolambdolophus Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
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Mesolambdolophus setoni Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
G. †Nakusia Ginsburg et al. 1999
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Nakusia shahrigensis Ginsburg et al. 1999
G. †Paschatherium Russell 1963
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Paschatherium dolloi Teilhard de Chardin 1927
Paschatherium levei Hooker and Russell 2012
Paschatherium marianae Estravís and Russell 1992
Paschatherium plaziati Marandat 1989
Paschatherium russelli Godinot 1978
Paschatherium yvettae Gheerbrant et al. 1997
G. †Perissobune Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
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Perissobune intizarkhani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
Perissobune munirulhaqi Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Skopaiolophus Métais et al. 2006
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Skopaiolophus burmese Métais et al. 2006
Subor. †Solidungula Cuvier
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Fm. †Anchitheridae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
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G. †Limnohyus Leidy 1872
Unr. Tapiromorpha Haeckel 1873
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Unr. †Ancylopoda Cope 1889
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Superfm. †Chalicotherioidea Gill 1872
G. †Protomoropus Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
Invalid names: Artionychia Osborn and Wortman 1893 [empty], Lophiodontoidea [empty], Perissonychia Osborn and Wortman 1893 [empty]
G. †Cardiolophus Gingerich 1991
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Cardiolophus radinskyi Gingerich 1991
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Invalid names: Homogalax planeticus Gingerich 1980 [synonym]
Unr. †Ceratomorpha Wood 1937
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G. †Breviodon Radinsky 1965
G. †Fouchia Emry 1989
G. †Karagalax Maas et al. 2001
G. †Parabreviodon Reshetov 1975
Superfm. Rhinocerotoidea Gray 1821
G. †Schizotheroides Hough 1955
G. †Selenaletes Radinsky 1966
Superfm. Tapiroidea Gill 1872
Invalid names: Deperetellidea Radinsky 1965 [empty], Lophialetidea Matthew and Granger 1925 [empty], Tapiridea Burnett 1830 [empty]
G. †Homogalax Hay 1899
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Homogalax aureus Gingerich 1991
Homogalax namadicus Dashzeveg 1979
Homogalax primaevus Wortman 1896
Homogalax protapirinus Wortman 1896
Homogalax wutuensis Chow and Li 1965
Fm. †Isectolophidae Peterson 1919
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G. †Chowliia Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Gandheralophus Missiaen and Gingerich 2012
Subfm. †Isectolophinae Peterson 1919
G. †Meridiolophus Bai et al. 2014
G. †Sastrilophus Sahni and Khare 1971
Invalid names: Homogalaxinae Peterson 1919 [empty], Systemodontinae Osborn and Wortman 1894 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Isectolophus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Isectolophus annectens Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Homogalax uintensis Troxell 1922 [synonym], Isectolophus scotti Peterson 1919 [synonym], Schizolophodon cuspidens Peterson 1919 [synonym]
Isectolophus latidens Osborn et al. 1878
+
Invalid names: Homogalax bridgerensis Troxell 1922 [synonym], Homogalax reliquius Qi 1987 [synonym], Isectolophus bogdulensis Reshetov 1979 [synonym]
Isectolophus radinskyi Schoch 1983
Invalid names: Parisectolophus Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Kalakotia Ranga Rao 1972
+
Kalakotia simplicidentata Ranga Rao 1972
+
Invalid names: Chasmotherium mckennai Sahni and Khare 1973 [synonym], Schlosseria radinskyi Sahni and Khare 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aulaxolophus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophialetidae Matthew and Granger 1925
+
G. †Ampholophus Wang and Tong 1996
G. †Eoletes Biryukov 1974
G. †Lophialetes Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Minchenoletes Wang et al. 2011
G. †Schlosseria Matthew and Granger 1926
+
Invalid names: Simplaletes Qi 1980 [synonym]
G. †Zhongjianoletes Ye 1983
Invalid names: Eoletidae Shoch 1989 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Systemodon Cope 1881
+
Systemodon tapirinus Cope 1875
+
Invalid names: Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman 1896 [synonym]
Invalid names: Breviodontidae [empty], Moropomorpha [synonym], Rhodopagidae [empty]
G. †Teilhardimys Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
Teilhardimys brisswalteri Hooker and Russell 2012
Teilhardimys musculus Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
Invalid names: Microhyus musculus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
Teilhardimys reisi Antunes et al. 1987
Invalid names: Microhyus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
+
Superfm. †Brontotherioidea Marsh 1873
+
Invalid names: Lambdotheriidae Cope 1889 [empty]
Invalid names: Chelodactyla Scott 1913 [empty], Equina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippopotamus iravaticus Noetling 1897 [nomen dubium], Hyracotheriidae Cope 1881 [empty], Mesaxonia Marsh 1884 [empty], Rhinocerotida Owen 1845 [empty], Selenida McKenna and Bell 1997 [invalid subgroup], Stereopterna Ameghino 1889 [empty], Triplopodidae Cope 1881 [empty]
G. †Radinskya McKenna et al. 1989
+
Radinskya yupingae McKenna et al. 1989
Invalid names: Anthracobunia Ginsburg et al. 1999 [empty]
Unr. Phenacodonta McKenna 1975
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G. †Olbitherium Tong et al. 2004
+
Olbitherium millenariusum Tong et al. 2004
Fm. †Phenacodontidae Cope 1881 [condylarth]
+
G. †Almogaver Crusafont-Pairo and Villalta 1954
G. †Copecion Gingerich 1989
+
Copecion davisi Gingerich 1989
G. †Eodesmatodon Zheng and Chi 1978
+
Eodesmatodon spanios Zheng and Chi 1978
G. †Lophocion Wang and Tong 1997
+
Lophocion asiaticus Wang and Tong 1997
Lophocion grangeri Bai et al. 2019
Subfm. †Meniscotheriinae Cope 1882
+
G. †Ectocion Cope 1882
+
Ectocion cedrus Thewissen 1990
Ectocion collinus Russell 1929
+
Invalid names: Gidleyina montanensis Gidley 1935 [synonym], Gidleyina silberlingi Gidley 1935 [synonym], Gidleyina wyomingensis Gazin 1956 [synonym], Meniscotherium semicingulatum Russell 1929 [synonym], Tetraclaenodon superior Simpson 1935 [synonym]
Ectocion ignotum Novacek et al. 1991
Ectocion major Patterson and West 1973
Ectocion mediotuber Thewissen 1990
Ectocion nanabeensis Beard and Dawson 2009
Ectocion osbornianus Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Ectocion ralstonensis Granger 1915 [synonym]
Ectocion parvus Granger 1915
Ectocion superstes Granger 1915
Invalid names: Gidleyina Simpson 1935 [synonym], Prosthecion Patterson and West 1973 [synonym]
G. †Meniscotherium Cope 1874
+
+
Invalid names: Hyracops socialis Marsh 1892 [synonym], Meniscotherium robustum Thorpe 1934 [synonym], Meniscotherium terraerubrae Cope 1881 [synonym]
Meniscotherium priscum Granger 1915
Invalid names: Hyracops Marsh 1892 [synonym]
G. †Phenacodus Cope 1873
+
Phenacodus bisonensis Gazin 1956
Phenacodus grangeri Simpson 1935
+
Invalid names: Tetraclaenodon transitus Dorr 1958 [synonym]
Phenacodus intermedius Granger 1915
Phenacodus magnus Thewissen 1990
Phenacodus matthewi Simpson 1935
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus gidleyi Simpson 1935 [synonym]
Phenacodus sulcatus Cope 1874
Phenacodus trilobatus Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus robustus Simpson 1937 [synonym]
Phenacodus vortmani Cope 1880
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus almiensis Gazin 1942 [synonym], Phenacodus apternus Cope 1882 [synonym], Phenacodus copei Granger 1915 [synonym]
Phenacodus zuniensis Cope 1881
Invalid names: Eohyus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Opisthotomus Cope 1875 [synonym], Phenacodus hemiconus Cope 1882 [nomen dubium], Phenacodus primaevus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Trispondylus Cope 1884 [replaced]
G. †Tetraclaenodon Scott 1892
+
+
Invalid names: Mioclaenus floverianus Cope 1888 [synonym], Phenacodus calceolatus Cope 1883 [synonym], Protogonia plicifera Cope 1882 [synonym], Protogonia subquadrata Cope 1881 [synonym], Protogonia zuniensis Cope 1888 [synonym], Tetraclaenodon symbolicus Gidley 1935 [synonym]
Invalid names: Euprotogonia Cope 1893 [synonym], Protogonia Cope 1881 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 kgg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1996, Legendre 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Torrejonian to the top of the Holocene or 63.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.7 Ma

Collections (7269 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (North Dakota) Ectocion wyomingensis, Phenacodus primaevus (14962)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Escribania chubutensis, Escribania talonicuspis, Requisia vidmari, Mioclaenidae indet. (95914) Wainka tshotshe (13782)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.588Spain (Barcelona) Phenacodontidae indet. (37114)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Texas) Phenacodus grangeri, Ectocion montanensis, Phenacodus matthewi (14956) Phenacodus grangeri, Ectocion montanensis, Phenacodus sp. (14975) Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus matthewi (14884) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14948)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Montana) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14874 14906 14915) Tetraclaenodon symbolicus (14907 14913 14914 14918 14920 14924)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Wyoming) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14879 14886 14897 14898 14912)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7Canada (Alberta) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14822 143200)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (New Mexico) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14811 14812 14815 14816 14818 14824 14825 14826 14832 14833 14835 14862 14865 14867 14868 14869 14870 14873 14891 14892 14893) Tetraclaenodon sp. (14813 14819 14823)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian63.3 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Ectocion sp. (14849) Ectocion sp., Tetraclaenodon sp. (14820) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14858) Tetraclaenodon sp. (14839 14846 14847)
Ti161.7 - 56.8USA (Montana) Phenacodus bisonensis (15026)
Ti161.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Ectocion collinus (14938 14939 195856)
Ti361.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Ectocion cedrus (14928)
Ti461.7 - 56.8Canada (Saskatchewan) Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus primaevus (14978)
Ti561.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus magnus (46654) Ectocion sp., Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani (46655)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (California) Phenacodus bisonensis (143202 224203 224204 224210 224211 224212 224213 224214 224215) Phenacodus grangeri (14872) Phenacodus matthewi, Phenacodus bisonensis (154724) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14817)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Colorado) Ectocion medituber, Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus magnus (174227) Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani (14935 14943)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Montana) Ectocion cedrus (15033) Ectocion cedrus, Phenacodus magnus (15002) Ectocion collinus (15047) Ectocion collinus, Phenacodus bisonensis (15025) Ectocion sp. (15010 133180) Gidleyina montanensis (15053) Gidleyina silberlingi (15040) Phenacodus magnus (14993) Tetraclaenodon pliciferus, Ectocion wyomingensis (14937) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (15044) Tetraclaenodon septentrionalis (15045) Tetraclaenodon sp., Gidleyina superior (15037)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (North Dakota) Ectocion collinus (15006) Ectocion sp. (14976) Ectocion sp., Phenacodus sp. (15000) Ectocion wyomingensis (14931) Ectocion wyomingensis, Phenacodus primaevus (14977) Tetraclaenodon sp. (14966)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Ectocion cedrus (190426 190436 190440 190494) Ectocion cedrus, Ectocion collinus (15031) Ectocion cedrus, Phenacodus grangeri (15061) Ectocion cedrus, Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus magnus (15071) Ectocion cedrus, Phenacodus magnus (15066) Ectocion collinus (15063) Ectocion collinus, Phenacodus grangeri (14936 15060) Ectocion collinus, Phenacodus sp. (198262) Ectocion mediotuber (26569 190406 190421 190427 190442) Ectocion mediotuber, Phenacodus grangeri (15057 190444 190466 190490) Ectocion mediotuber, Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani (190403 190443) Ectocion mediotuber, Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani, Phenacodus magnus (15007 53059) Ectocion mediotuber, Phenacodus vortmani (85096 190470) Ectocion osbornianus (190412 190413 190420 190459 190461 190476 190482 190484) Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani (190419 190462 190463) Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus vortmani (190481) Ectocion sp. (15054) Ectocion sp., Phenacodus matthewi (15067) Ectocion sp., Phenacodus sp. (14940) Ectocion wyomingensis (14952 14979 14982 14983) Ectocion wyomingensis, Phenacodus primaevus (14980) Gidleyina wyomingensis, Phenacodus grangeri (15001) Phenacodus bisonensis, Gidleyina wyomingensis (14989) Phenacodus bisonensis, Phenacodus bisonensis (14988) Phenacodus brachypternus, Gidleyina sp., Phenacodus sp. (15034) Phenacodus grangeri (15059 46653 190414 190417 190423 190437 190445 190446 190464 190465 190473 190474 190483 190487 190492 190495) Phenacodus grangeri, Ectocion wyomingensis (15017) Phenacodus grangeri, Gidleyina wyomingensis (14997) Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus bisonensis, Gidleyina wyomingensis (14964) Phenacodus grangeri, Phenacodus vortmani (15058 190418 190438 190441 190457 190468) Phenacodus magnus (190404 190471) Phenacodus magnus, Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus primaevus (15036) Phenacodus primaevus (14981) Phenacodus sp., Gidleyina wyomingensis (14999) Phenacodus sp., Phenacodus grangeri, Ectocion wyomingensis (14926) Phenacodus vortmani (190435) Phenacodus vortmani, Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus sp. (15049)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Ectocion osbornianus, Phenacodus primaevus (14995) Ectocion sp. (14949 14951 14973) Ectocion wyomingensis (14941 14954 14959)