PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Protypotherium

Mammalia - Notoungulata - Interatheriidae

Taxonomy

Protypotherium was named by Ameghino (1882). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Typotheriidae by Ameghino (1885) and Ameghino (1887); to Interatheridae by Ameghino (1891); to Protypotheridae by Ameghino (1894); to Protypotheriidae by Rovereto (1914); and to Interatheriidae by Sinclair (1908), Carroll (1988), Kramarz et al. (2010) and Vizcaíno et al. (2022).

Species

P. antiquum, P. australe (syn. P. martini, P. distortum, Patriarchus furculosus, P. palmidens, Patriarchus altus, Epipatriarchus bifidens), P. claudum, P. colloncurensis (syn. P. concepcionensis), P. columnifer (syn. Cochilius columnifer, Cochilius pendens, P. sinclairi), P. compressidens, P. diastematum, P. distinctum, P. furculosus, P. icochiloides, P. leptocephalus, P. minutum, P. obstructum, P. praerutilum (syn. Patriarchus icochiloides, Eudiastatus lingulatus, P. attenuatum, P. globosum, Patriarchus leptocephalus, Icochilus endiadys, P. diversidens, Patriarchus diastematus, P. convexidens, Patriarchus rectus, P. lineare), P. rectus

Synonyms

Toxodontophanus was named by Moreno (1882). It is not extant. Its type is Protypotherium australe.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protypotherium by Ameghino (1889) and Ameghino (1894).

It was assigned to Interatheriidae by Ameghino (1887).
Epipatriarchus was named by Ameghino (1904).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protypotherium by Vera et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Protypotheriidae by Ameghino (1904) and Rovereto (1914); and to Interatheriidae by Carroll (1988).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1882	Protypotherium Ameghino
1882	Toxodontophanus Moreno p. 23
1885	Protypotherium Ameghino p. 79
1887	Protypotherium Ameghino p. 52
1887	Toxodontophanus Ameghino p. 64
1891	Protypotherium Ameghino p. 5
1894	Protypotherium Ameghino p. 13
1904	Epipatriarchus Ameghino p. 13
1908	Protypotherium Sinclair
1914	Epipatriarchus Rovereto p. 29
1914	Protypotherium Rovereto p. 116
1988	Epipatriarchus Carroll
1988	Protypotherium Carroll
2010	Protypotherium Kramarz et al.
2022	Protypotherium Vizcaíno et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Paenungulatomorpha
—	Paenungulata	Simpson 1945
—	Sudamericungulata
order	Notoungulata
suborder	Typotheria	Zittel 1892
family	Interatheriidae	(Ameghino 1887)
genus	Protypotherium	Ameghino 1882

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protypotherium Ameghino 1882

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†Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino 1882

†Protypotherium australe Moreno 1882

Invalid names: Epipatriarchus bifidens Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Patriarchus altus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Patriarchus furculosus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium distortum Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium martini Lane 1927 [objective synonym], Protypotherium palmidens Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym]

†Protypotherium claudum Ameghino 1889

†Protypotherium colloncurensis Vera et al. 2017

Invalid names: Protypotherium concepcionensis Solórzano et al. 2019 [objective synonym]

†Protypotherium columnifer Fernández et al. 2021

Invalid names: Cochilius columnifer Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Protypotherium sinclairi Kramarz et al. 2015 [objective synonym]

†Protypotherium compressidens Ameghino 1891

†Protypotherium diastematum Ameghino 1891

†Protypotherium distinctum Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

†Protypotherium furculosus Ameghino 1891

†Protypotherium icochiloides Ameghino 1894

†Protypotherium leptocephalus Ameghino 1891

†Protypotherium minutum Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

†Protypotherium obstructum Rovereto 1914

†Protypotherium praerutilum Ameghino 1887

Invalid names: Eudiastatus lingulatus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Icochilus endiadys Roth 1898 [objective synonym], Patriarchus diastematus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Patriarchus icochiloides Ameghino 1894 [objective synonym], Patriarchus leptocephalus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Patriarchus rectus Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium attenuatum Ameghino 1887 [objective synonym], Protypotherium convexidens Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium diversidens Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium globosum Ameghino 1891 [objective synonym], Protypotherium lineare Ameghino 1894 [objective synonym]

†Protypotherium rectus Ameghino 1891

Invalid names: Epipatriarchus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Toxodontophanus Moreno 1882 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

7.8 kgs

Minimum body mass:

4.4 kgs

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialsubc

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2009-01-05 17:11:49

Modified:

2009-01-05 19:11:49

Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden et al. 1996, Vizcaíno et al. 2010

Age range: base of the Deseadan to the top of the Tortonian or 29.00000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (82 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Deseadan	29.0 - 21.0	Uruguay	P. sp. (176487)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Chubut)	P. columnifer (74771)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Río Negro)	P. sp. (89093)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Neuquén)	P. sinclairi (89028 197284) P. sp. (89027 89030) P. sp., P. sinclairi (89029)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Mendoza)	P. sp. (189519)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Argentina (Chubut)	P. sp. (176205)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Chile (Bío Bío)	P. sp. (140103 140106)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Chile (Aisén)	P. sp. (71843)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Bolivia	P. attenuatum (91435)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	P. sp., P. colloncurensis (197691)
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Argentina (San Juan)	P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2 (197899 197900)
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Chile (Araucania)	P. sp. (144463)
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	P. attenatum (176635) P. attenuatum (176568 176603 176636) P. australe (176581 204358 206236 206237 206240 206241 206242 210154) P. australe, P. praerutilum (87314) P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. claudum, P. attenuatum (142533) P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. compressidens (176570) P. cavum, P. australe, P. attenuatum (176590) P. claudum (176593) P. compressidens (176623) P. praerutilum (176576 176585 176600 176601 176624 206239) P. praerutilum, P. attenuatum (176599 176602 210786) P. sp. (176571 176591) P. sp., P. australe, P. attenuatum (142529) P. sp., P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. attenuatum (210637 210638 210787) P. sp., P. praeutilium, P. australe (27313)
Friasian	16.3 - 15.5	Chile	P. sp. (176666)
Friasian	16.3 - 15.5	Argentina (Chubut)	P. sp., Epipatriarchus bifidens (204600) P. sp., P. colloncurensis (204599)
Friasian	16.3 - 15.5	Chile (Aisén)	P. sp. nov?, P. australe, P. endiadys (139845)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Argentina (Rio Negro)	P. colloncurensis, P. endiadys (198569)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	Argentina (Chubut)	P. sp. (215594 215595)
Colloncuran	15.5 - 13.8	Argentina (Río Negro)	Epipatriarchus sp., P. sp., P. colloncurensis, P. endiadys (140691) P. colloncurensis, P. endiadys (198567) P. endiadys (198568)
Colloncuran	15.5 - 13.8	Argentina (Chubut)	P. endiadys (198571)
Colloncuran	15.5 - 13.8	Argentina (Rio Negro)	P. colloncurensis, P. endiadys (198570) P. endiadys (198566 198572)
Colloncuran	15.5 - 13.8	Argentina (Neuquén)	P. endiadys (141175 198564 198565)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Chile (Araucanía)	P. concepcionensis (212329)
Serravallian - Tortonian	13.82 - 7.246	Argentina (La Pampa)	P. sp. (231228)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Argentina (Chubut)	P. colloncurensis (201906) P. endiadys (201907)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Argentina (Catamarca)	P. antiquum (212305)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Argentina (Salta)	P. minutum (197784)
Mayoan	11.0 - 10.0	Argentina (Chaco)	Epipatriarchus bifidens, P. colloncurensis (204650)
Mayoan	11.0 - 10.0	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	P. colloncurensis (141933)
Chasicoan	10.0 - 9.0	Argentina (Buenos Aires)	P. distinctum (79180)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Bolivia (Chuquisaca)	P. sp. (68792)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (Entre Rios)	P. antiquum (55600)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (La Rioja)	P. sp. (55596)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (La Pampa)	P. minutum (152063)