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Xenastrapotherium

Mammalia - Astrapotheria - Astrapotheriidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1928Xenastrapotherium Kraglievich
1976Synastrapotherium Paula Couto
1988Xenastrapotherium Carroll
1997Xenastrapotherium Johnson and Madden

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Paenungulatomorpha
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945
—Sudamericungulata
orderAstrapotheria
familyAstrapotheriidaeAmeghino 1887
subfamilyUruguaytheriinae
genusXenastrapotherium

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Xenastrapotherium Kraglievich 1928
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†Xenastrapotherium aequatorialis Johnson and Madden 1997
†Xenastrapotherium amazonense Paula Couto 1976
†Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis Johnson and Madden 1997
†Xenastrapotherium christi Stehlin 1928
Invalid names: Synastrapotherium Paula Couto 1976 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. E. Johnson and R. H. Madden 1997Xenastrapotherium differs from all other known astrapotheres by possessing two lower incisors on each side and an M3 posterolingual cingulum that joins the protoloph with the metaloph and closes the median valley lingually. In addition to these characters, Xenastrapotherium differs from all other known uruguaytheriine astrapotheres in possessing lower canine tusks with pronounced longitudinal curvature and anterorinferior and posteroinferior grooves in cross section; shallow lower molar metaflexids bounded by a variably developed anterolingual cingulum; and mesiodistally narow and rounded metalophids.
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
Lower canine diameter634.523.049.036.510.2
Lower m2 height128.0----
Mandible height271.863.681.072.312.3
Upper canine diameter632.623.050.032.09.84
lower m1 height124.0----
lower m3 height127.0----

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Body part: Dentalg
Maximum body mass: 1238.7 kgg
Minimum body mass: 1238.7 kgg
Body mass estimate: 1238.7 kg
Body mass source: publishedg
Environment: terrestrialg
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: cursorialg
Diet: herbivoreg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: Body mass estimate: 1238.7 +/- 233.3 g
Created: 2013-05-18 03:16:16
Modified: 2013-05-17 12:16:16
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Johnson and Madden 1997

Age range: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Laventan or 23.03000 to 11.00000 Ma

Collections (21 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Ecuador (Cañar) X. aequatorialis (144675)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Colombia (Tolima) X. chaparralensis (133440)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Bolivia (Tarija) Astrapotherium indet. (38071)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Huila) X. kraglievichi (133693 136211 141256 143787 143789 185892 187114 187115 187718 187965 188024 188025 188026 188027)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Peru (Ucayali) X. sp. (107993 144794)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Tolima) Xenastrapotherium indet. (132559)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Synastrapotherium sp., X. amazonense (55602)