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Taxonomy
Manis was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.
It was assigned to Bruta by Linnaeus (1758); to Manina by Gray (1825); to Manidae by Gray (1821), Botha and Gaudin (2007) and Kondrashov and Agadjanian (2012); and to Maninae by Alba et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Bruta by Linnaeus (1758); to Manina by Gray (1825); to Manidae by Gray (1821), Botha and Gaudin (2007) and Kondrashov and Agadjanian (2012); and to Maninae by Alba et al. (2018).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Manis Linnaeus p. 36 |
| 1821 | Manis Gray |
| 1825 | Manis Gray p. 343 |
| 2007 | Manis Botha and Gaudin p. 485 |
| 2012 | Manis Kondrashov and Agadjanian |
| 2018 | Manis Alba et al. p. 2 figs. Figure 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Manis Linnaeus 1758 [pangolin]
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Subg. Manis (Uromanis) Pocock 1924
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Manis (Uromanis) longicaudatus Brisson 1762
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Invalid names: Manis africana Desmarest 1820 [synonym], Manis guineensis Fitzinger 1822 [synonym], Manis macroura Erxleben 1766 [synonym]
Manis crassicaudata Gray 1827 [Indian pangolin]
Manis javanica Desmarest 1822 [Sunda pangolin]
Manis temminckii Smuts 1832 [ground pangolin]
Manis tetradactyla Linnaeus 1766 [long-tailed pangolin]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.588 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.588 Ma
Collections (10 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Manis sp. (59167) | |
| Pliocene | Romania | Manis sp. (39846) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa | Manis sp. (21713) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia | Manis palaeojavanica (93522) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | Manis sp. (21828) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | South Africa | Manis sp. (21711) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa | Manis temmincki (96974) | |
| Holocene | Indonesia (Java) | Manis javanicus (13738) | |
| Holocene | South Africa (Orange Free) | Manis temmincki (21912) | |
| Holocene | Swaziland | Manis temmincki (21955) |