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Calippus regulus

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Calippus regulus was named by Johnston (1937). Its type specimen is West Texas State College Museum 878, a maxilla (right upper molar-premolar series (P2-M3) of an adult individual, l still in place in the maxillary), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Grant Lease, which is in a Clarendonian terrestrial horizon in Texas.

It was recombined as Calippus (Calippus) regulus by Hulbert (1988).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1937Calippus regulus Johnston
1940Calippus regulus Stirton p. 188
1955Calippus anatinus Quinn p. 30 figs. Pl. 5, Figs. 1 - 19
1975Calippus regulus Forsten p. 44 figs. Tables 17, 34; Fig. 6
1988Calippus (Calippus) regulus Hulbert, Jr. p. 246 fig. 4
1998Calippus regulus MacFadden p. 550
2019Calippus regulus May

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeEquini
genusCalippus()
speciesregulus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Calippus regulus Johnston 1937
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Invalid names: Calippus anatinus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. H. Quinn 1955 (Calippus anatinus)ze slightly smaller than C. regulus; teeth transversely narrower and less hypsodont; enamel pattern slight- ly more complex; median valley on mo- lars not penetrating between reentrants of flexids.
A. -M. Forsten 1975Very small, very hypsodont. Protocone connected from summit down, transversely oblique, not connecting to hypocone. Plication count low, incipient pli caballin in premolars disappears with wear, none in molars. Hypoconal lake closes early and soon obliterates completely. Lower cheek teeth with short metaconid-metastylid column; metaconid usually longer than metastylid. Premolars with shallow labial groove and long comissure, molars with deep labial groove.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 10:25:39
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:25:39
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, MacFadden 1998

Age range: Serravallian or 13.82000 to 11.62000 Ma

Collections (27 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Texas) Calippus regulus (18371)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Colorado) Calippus regulus (18220)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Calippus regulus (18629)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Calippus regulus (18124 18442)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Virginia) Equidae indet. (57700)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Calippus regulus (18217 18227 18242 18334) Calippus sp. (18314 18315 18316 18317)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oklahoma) Calippus regulus (18045)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Calippus regulus (18186 18219)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Calippus anatinus (18611) Calippus regulus (type locality: 18179 18244 18347 18355 18610 18623 18640) Calippus sp. (18645)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Texas) Calippus regulus (18358)