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Taxonomy
Holomeniscus macrocephalus was named by Cope (1893).
It was synonymized subjectively with Camelops vitakerianus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Camelops macrocephalus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1913); it was recombined as Tanupolama macrocephala by Hibbard and Dalquest (1962), Webb (1965) and Slaughter (1966); it was recombined as Hemiauchenia macrocephala by Webb (1974), Breyer (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Dalquest (1992), Honey et al. (1998) and Meachen (2005).
It was synonymized subjectively with Camelops vitakerianus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Camelops macrocephalus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1913); it was recombined as Tanupolama macrocephala by Hibbard and Dalquest (1962), Webb (1965) and Slaughter (1966); it was recombined as Hemiauchenia macrocephala by Webb (1974), Breyer (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Dalquest (1992), Honey et al. (1998) and Meachen (2005).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1893 | Holomeniscus macrocephalus Cope p. 85 |
1898 | Camelus americanus Wortman p. 133 fig. 21 |
1902 | Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 679 |
1902 | Camelus americanus Hay p. 680 |
1913 | Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 276 |
1925 | Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock p. 39 figs. 1 - 4 |
1928 | Tanupolama americana Stock |
1928 | Tanupolama stevensi Stock |
1929 | Prochenia americana Frick |
1930 | Lama hollomani Hay and Cook |
1953 | Tanupolama hollomani Meade |
1962 | Tanupolama macrocephala Hibbard and Dalquest |
1962 | Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest |
1965 | Tanupolama americana Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama macrocephala Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama stevensi Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama hollomani Webb p. 34 |
1965 | Tanupolama seymourensis Webb p. 34 |
1966 | Tanupolama hollomani Slaughter p. 84 |
1966 | Tanupolama macrocephala Slaughter p. 84 |
1968 | Tanupolama stevensi Miller |
1974 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Webb |
1974 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb |
1977 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Breyer |
1980 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Kurten and Anderson p. 308 |
1992 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Dalquest |
1995 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb and Stehli |
1998 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Honey et al. |
2005 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Cisneros p. 250 |
2005 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Meachen p. 438 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Camelus americanus Wortman 1898 [synonym], Lama hollomani Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock 1925 [synonym], Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. C. Merriam and C. Stock 1925 (Lama stevensi) | Type approaching in size the existing llama. Lower molars with enamel of internal faces not as distinctly folded as in existing llama. MI with median external style. M2 and M3 with antero-external style not as well developed as in Lama. Posterior or third lobe in M3 not separated from second lobe as distinctly as in the corresponding tooth of the Recent Lama. |