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Holophasmatodea

Insecta

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2005Holophasmatodea Grimaldi and Engel
2011Holophasmatodea Bradler and Buckley

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
classInsecta
RankNameAuthor
—Dicondylia
—Paranotalia
subclassPterygota()
—NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
—PolyneopteraMartynov 1938
—Eukinolabia
—Holophasmatodea
—Holophasmatodea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Holophasmatodea Grimaldi and Engel 2005
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Fm. †Aerophasmidae Martynov 1928
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Subfm. †Aerophasmatinae Martynov 1928
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G. †Aerophasma Martynov 1928
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†Aerophasma prynadai Martynov 1928
G. †Jurophasma Gorochov 1993
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†Jurophasma mistshenkoi Gorochov 1993
Subfm. †Chresmodellinae Bode 1953
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G. †Durnovaria Whalley 1985
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†Durnovaria parallela Whalley 1985
G. †Schesslitziella Kuhn 1952
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Invalid names: Chresmodella culminecontracta Bode 1953 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chresmodella Bode 1953 [synonym]
Subfm. †Cretophasmatinae Sharov 1968
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G. †Baissophasma Gorochov 1993
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†Baissophasma pilosum Gorochov 1993
†Baissophasma simile Gorochov 1993
G. †Cretophasma Sharov 1968
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†Cretophasma araripensis Martins-Neto 1989
†Cretophasma raggei Sharov 1968
Fm. †Aeroplanidae Tillyard 1918
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G. †Aeroplana Tillyard 1918
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†Aeroplana mirabilis Tillyard 1918
G. †Sharovoplana Gorochov and Maehr 2008
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†Sharovoplana affinis Sharov 1968
†Sharovoplana parallelica Gorochov 1994
Invalid names: Paraplana Sharov 1968 [replaced]
Or. Phasmatodea Jacobson and Bianchi 1902 [stick insect]
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Unr. Euphasmatodea Bradler 1999
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G. †Araripephasma Ghirotto et al. 2022
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†Araripephasma reliquum Mendes et al. 2019
Unr. Neophasmatodea Engel et al. 2016
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Subfm. †Echinosomiscinae Engel 2016
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G. †Echinosomiscus Engel 2016
G. †Elasmophasma Chen et al. 2018
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†Elasmophasma longitubus Yang et al. 2022
†Elasmophasma stictum Chen et al. 2018
Unr. Occidophasmata Simon et al. 2019
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Fm. Agathemeridae Bradler 2003
Subfm. Diapheromerinae Kirby 1904
Subfm. Pseudophasmatinae Rehn 1904
Invalid names: Diapheromeridae Kirby 1904 [invalid subgroup], Pseudophasmatidae Rehn 1904 [invalid subgroup], Pseudophasmatoidea Rehn 1904 [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Oriophasmata Simon et al. 2019
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Fm. Phylliidae Karny 1923 [true leaf insect]
G. †Rhabdophasma Yang et al. 2022
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†Rhabdophasma arboreum Yang et al. 2022
G. †Tanaophasma Yang et al. 2022
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†Tanaophasma applanatum Yang et al. 2022
Invalid names: Anareolatae Redtenbacher 1906 [invalid subgroup], Verophasmatodea Zompro 2004 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Pterophasmatidae Yang et al. 2019
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G. †Ambrotophasma Yang et al. 2022
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†Ambrotophasma vetulum Yang et al. 2022
G. †Leptophasma Yang et al. 2019
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†Leptophasma physematosa Yang et al. 2019
G. †Meniscophasma Yang et al. 2019
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†Meniscophasma erythrosticta Yang et al. 2019
G. †Pterophasma Yang et al. 2019
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†Pterophasma erromera Yang et al. 2019
G. †Raphidium Westwood 1854
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†Raphidium brephos Westwood 1854
Invalid names: Ela Giebel 1856 [objective synonym]
Subor. Timematodea Kevan 1982
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G. †Electrotimema Zompro 2005
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Fm. Timematidae Caudell 1903
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G. †Breviala Yang et al. 2023
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†Breviala cretacea Yang et al. 2023
G. †Electroclavella Yang et al. 2023
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†Electroclavella genuina Yang et al. 2023
G. †Granosicorpes Chen et al. 2019
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†Granosicorpes lirates Chen et al. 2019
G. †Tumefactipes Chen et al. 2019
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†Tumefactipes prolongates Chen et al. 2019
Invalid names: Areolatae Redtenbacher 1906 [invalid subgroup], Chresmododea Martynov 1928 [empty], Necrophasmatodea Martynov 1925 [empty]
Superfm. †Prochresmodoidea Vishnyakova 1980
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Fm. †Permophasmatidae Gorochov 1992
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G. †Arachnophasma Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2015
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†Arachnophasma scurra Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2015
G. †Isadyphasma Gorochov 2013
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†Isadyphasma bashkuevi Gorochov 2013
†Isadyphasma deminutum Gorochov 2013
†Isadyphasma suchonae Gorochov 2013
G. †Permophasma Gorochov 1992
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†Permophasma kovalevi Gorochov 1992
Fm. †Prochresmodidae Vishnyakova 1980
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G. †Palaeochresmoda Nel et al. 2004
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†Palaeochresmoda grauvogeli Nel et al. 2004
G. †Prochresmoda Sharov 1968
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†Prochresmoda longipoda Sharov 1968
†Prochresmoda media Gorochov 1994
†Prochresmoda minuta Gorochov 1994
†Prochresmoda parva Gorochov 1994
G. †Triassophasma Gorochov 1994
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†Triassophasma brevipoda Sharov 1968
†Triassophasma intermedium Gorochov 1994
†Triassophasma minutissimum Gorochov 1994
†Triassophasma pusillum Gorochov 1994
Superfm. †Susumanioidea Gorochov 1988
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G. †Eoprephasma Archibald and Bradler 2015
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†Eoprephasma hichensi Archibald and Bradler 2015
Fm. †Susumaniidae Gorochov 1988
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Subfm. †Aclistophasmatinae Yang et al. 2020
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G. †Aclistophasma Yang et al. 2020
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†Aclistophasma echinulatum Yang et al. 2020
G. †Adjacivena Shang et al. 2011
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†Adjacivena grossa Yang et al. 2022
†Adjacivena rasnitsyni Shang et al. 2011
†Adjacivena reticulata Kuzmina 1985
Subfm. †Phasmomimoidinae Gorochov 1988
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G. †Phasmomimoides Sharov 1968
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†Phasmomimoides lineatus Sharov 1968
†Phasmomimoides minutus Gorochov 2000
Subfm. †Susumaniinae Gorochov 1988
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G. †Aethephasma Ren 1997
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†Aethephasma megista Ren 1997
G. †Archisusumania Gorochov 2020
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†Archisusumania contacta Gorochov 2020
G. †Coniphasma Birket-Smith 1981
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†Coniphasma rosenkrantzi Birket-Smith 1981
G. †Cretophasmomima Kuzmina 1985
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†Cretophasmomima arkagalica Gorochov 1988
†Cretophasmomima burjatica Gorochov 1988
†Cretophasmomima clara Gorochov 1988
†Cretophasmomima maculatus Kuzmina 1985
†Cretophasmomima melanogramma Wang et al. 2014
†Cretophasmomima traceyae Xu et al. 2020
†Cretophasmomima vitimica Kuzmina 1985
G. †Cretophasmomimoides Gorochov 1988
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G. †Eosusumania Gorochov 1988
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†Eosusumania fusca Gorochov 1988
†Eosusumania lata Kuzmina 1985
†Eosusumania ornata Kuzmina 1985
G. †Hagiphasma Ren 1997
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†Hagiphasma paradoxa Ren 1997
G. †Kolymoptera Gorochov 1988
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†Kolymoptera magadanica Gorochov 1988
G. †Liutiaogoucuna Xu et al. 2020
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†Liutiaogoucuna arachnoidea Xu et al. 2020
G. †Orephasma Ren 1997
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†Orephasma eumorpha Ren 1997
G. †Palaeopteron Rice 1969
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G. †Paraphasmomimella Kuzmina 1985
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†Paraphasmomimella chetanica Gorochov 1988
†Paraphasmomimella longa Kuzmina 1985
G. †Phasmomimella Kevan and Wighton 1981
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†Phasmomimella antiqua Kuzmina 1985
†Phasmomimella araripensis Martins-Neto 1991
†Phasmomimella paskapoensis Kevan and Wighton 1981
G. †Phasmomimula Kevan and Wighton 1981
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†Phasmomimula enigma Kevan and Wighton 1981
G. †Promastacoides Kevan and Wighton 1981
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†Promastacoides albertae Kevan and Wighton 1981
G. †Prosusumania Gorochov 1988
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†Prosusumania semenica Gorochov 1988
G. †Renphasma Nel and Delfosse 2011
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†Renphasma sinica Nel and Delfosse 2011
G. †Susumania Gorochov 1988
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†Susumania flexuosa Gorochov 1988
Invalid names: Hagiphasmatidae Ren 1997 [synonym], Kolymopterinae Gorochov 1988 [synonym]
Superfm. †Xiphopteridea Sharov 1968
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Fm. †Xiphopteridae Sharov 1968
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G. †Xiphopterum Sharov 1968
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†Xiphopterum curvatum Sharov 1968
†Xiphopterum sharovi Gorochov 1994
Invalid names: Aeroplanoptera Tillyard 1918 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Kungurian to the top of the Pliocene or 279.30000 to 2.58800 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 272.3 Ma

Collections (84 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Russian Federation (Suksun) Arachnophasma scurra (108206)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Russian Federation (Vologda) Isadyphasma bashkuevi, Isadyphasma suchonae, Isadyphasma deminutum (104754)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Mongolia Permophasma kovalevi (97602)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0France (Moselle) Palaeochresmoda grauvogeli (114783)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Paraplana affinis, Prochresmoda longipoda, Prochresmoda media, Triassophasma intermedium (110763) Xiphopterum curvatum, Paraplana affinis, Prochresmoda brevipoda, Prochresmoda minuta, Triassophasma intermedium, Triassophasma minutissimum (106088) Xiphopterum sharovi, Prochresmoda parva, Triassophasma intermedium, Triassophasma pusillum, Paraplana parallelica (105007)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Australia (Queensland) Aeroplana mirabilis (111558)
Obtusum196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Durnovaria parallela (114638)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Germany (Niedersachsen) Chresmodella culminecontracta (107321) Chresmodella fissa (107553) Chresmodella integra, Chresmodella lacerata, Chresmodella convoluta (105002)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Durnovaria parallela (114993)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Germany (Bavaria) Schesslitziella haupti (129657)
Callovian - Oxfordian166.1 - 157.3Kazakhstan (Chimkent) Aerophasma prynadai (115645) Aerophasmidae indet. (106102) Phasmomimoides lineatus, Jurophasma mistshenkoi (105970)
Callovian - Oxfordian166.1 - 157.3China (Nei Mongol) Aclistophasma echinulatum (210302) Adjacivena grossa (113362) Adjacivena rasnitsyni (113365) Ambrotophasma vetulum (196979)
Early/Lower Berriasian145.0 - 140.2United Kingdom (England) Orthoptera indet. (105966)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8United Kingdom (England) Raphidium brephos (127481)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45United Kingdom (Surrey) Cretophasmomima traceyae (189915)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45China (Nei Mongol) Cretophasmomima melanogramma (125656) Liutiaogoucuna arachnoidea (125655)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45China (Liaoning) Hagiphasmatidae indet., Hagiphasma paradoxa (138436) Renphasma sinica (110825)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45China (Hebei) Aethephasma megista, Orephasma eumorpha (118996)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Mongolia Cretophasmomimoides reductus (105796)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Russian Federation (Buryatia) Archisusumania contacta (113350) Baissophasma pilosum, Baissophasma simile, Cretophasmomima burjatica (105969) Phasmomimella antiqua (119498 125505) Phasmomimoides baissiense (105536) Phasmomimoides latus, Phasmomimoides maculatus, Phasmomimoides reticulatus, Paraphasmomimella longa (122552) Phasmomimoides ornatus (125412) Phasmomimoides ornatus, Cretophasmomima vitimica (122549)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Araripephasma reliquum (217013) Eoproscopia reliquum (203297) Phasmomimella araripensis, Cretophasma araripensis (149767)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Russian Federation Prosusumania semenica (123220)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Palaeopteron complexus (119438)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar Echinosomiscus primoticus (161726) Pseudoperla scapiforma, Elasmophasma stictum, Tumefactipes prolongates, Granosicorpes lirates, Leptophasma physematosa, Rhabdophasma arboreum, Tanaophasma applanatum, Elasmophasma longitubus, Breviala cretacea, Electroclavella genuina (165561) Pseudoperla scapiforma, Pseudoperla leptoclada, Tumefactipes prolongates, Pterophasma erromera, Meniscophasma erythrosticta (178121)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Kazakhstan Cretophasma raggei (103274)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Greenland Coniphasma rosenkrantzi (70195)
Late/Upper Coniacian89.3 - 85.8Russian Federation (Khabarovsk) Eosusumania fusca, Paraphasmomimella chetanica (152090)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Russian Federation (Tenkinskii) Cretophasmomima clara (105375)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Russian Federation (Magadan) Susumania flexuosa, Cretophasmomima arkagalica, Kolymoptera magadanica (119698)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Phasmomimella paskapoensis, Promastacoides albertae (119828) Phasmomimula enigma (119832)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Canada (British Columbia) Susumanioidea indet. A, Susumanioidea indet. (103205) Susumanioidea indet. B (147813)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Washington) Eoprephasma hichensi (103206 104761)
MP 1148.6 - 40.4Germany (Hessen) Eophyllium messelensis (68475) Phasmatodea indet. (138656)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Oregon) Eophasma oregonense, Eophasma minor, Eophasmina manchesteri (31715)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Archipseudophasma sp. (123764) Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasmatini indet. (123760) Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2 (123771) Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasma sp., Balticophasma lineata (123770) Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Archipseudophasma sp., Archipseudophasma phoenix, Balticophasma sp. (123773) Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Balticophasma sp., Balticophasma lineata (124275) Balticophasma sp. (167952) Dvergrphasma fafnir, Pseudoperla sleipnir (147612) Pseudoperla sp. (154633) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasma sp. (154619) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasmatidae indet., Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasmatini indet., Balticophasma sp., Anareolatae indet. (124318) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasmatidae indet., Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Balticophasma sp. (123766) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Archipseudophasma phoenix, Balticophasmatini indet., Balticophasma sp., Anareolatae indet., Electrotimema carstengroehni, Sucinophasma blattodeophila (110735) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasmatinae indet., Balticophasma sp., Anareolatae indet. (123909) Sucinophasmatinae indet. 1 (155982)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Halle) Sucinophasmatinae indet. 2 (123910)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Poland Pseudoperla sp., Pseudoperla lineata, Pseudoperla gracilipes, Archipseudophasmatidae subfamily 2, Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasmatini indet., Balticophasma sp. (109625)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Lithuania Electrobaculum gracile (113470) Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasmatini indet. (123767)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation Pseudoperla sp., Archipseudophasma sp., Balticophasma sp. (123419) Sucinophasmatinae indet. (152643)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Agathemera reclusa (106384)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Dominican Republic Clonistria dominicana (134455)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588USA (Arizona) Calcibacunculus tenuis (152091)