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Taxonomy
Crocuta was named by Erxleben (1777) [incorrectly attributed to Gray 1868 by Mivart 1882, p. 201]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Hyaena (Crocotta) by Matschie (1900); it was misspelled as Crocotta by Lönnberg (1912), Kurten (1968), Werdelin and Solunias (1991), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Geraads (1997), Koepfli et al. (2006) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010).
It was assigned to Hyaeninae by Mivart (1882); to Hyaena by Matschie (1900); and to Hyaenidae by Lönnberg (1912), Kurten (1968), Werdelin and Solunias (1991), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Geraads (1997), Koepfli et al. (2006) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010).
It was reranked as Hyaena (Crocotta) by Matschie (1900); it was misspelled as Crocotta by Lönnberg (1912), Kurten (1968), Werdelin and Solunias (1991), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Geraads (1997), Koepfli et al. (2006) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010).
It was assigned to Hyaeninae by Mivart (1882); to Hyaena by Matschie (1900); and to Hyaenidae by Lönnberg (1912), Kurten (1968), Werdelin and Solunias (1991), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Geraads (1997), Koepfli et al. (2006) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010).
Species
C. crocuta (syn. C. nzoyae, Hyaena rufa, C. crocuta fortis, Hyaena cuvieri, Crocotta panganensis, C. rufopicta, C. crocuta fisi, Hyaena (Crocotta) noltei, Crocotta kibotonensis, Hyaena (Crocotta) germinans, Hyaena maculata, Hyaena (Crocotta) thierryi, Hyaena (Crocotta) gariepensis, C. thomasi, Hyaena capensis, Hyaena (Crocotta) leontiewi, Hyaena (Crocotta) togoensis, Hyaena (Crocotta) wismanni, C. nyassae), C. dbaa, C. dietrichi, C. macrodonta, C. sivalensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1777 | Crocuta Erxleben |
| 1882 | Crocuta Mivart p. 143 |
| 1900 | Hyaena (Crocotta) Matschie |
| 1912 | Crocotta Lönnberg p. 58 |
| 1968 | Crocuta Kurten p. 63 |
| 1991 | Crocuta Werdelin and Solunias |
| 1995 | Crocuta Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 242 |
| 1997 | Crocuta Geraads p. 130 |
| 2006 | Crocuta Koepfli et al. p. 604 |
| 2010 | Crocuta Werdelin and Peigne p. 641 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Crocuta Erxleben 1777 [spotted hyaena]
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Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 [spotted hyaena]
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†Crocuta crocuta spelaea Goldfuss 1823
Invalid names: Crocotta kibotonensis Lönnberg 1908 [synonym], Crocotta panganensis Lönnberg 1908 [synonym], Crocuta crocuta fisi Heller 1914 [synonym], Crocuta crocuta fortis Allen 1924 [synonym], Crocuta nyassae Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta nzoyae Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta rufopicta Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta thomasi Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) gariepensis Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) germinans Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) leontiewi Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) noltei Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) thierryi Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) togoensis Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) wismanni Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena capensis Desmarest 1820 [synonym], Hyaena cuvieri Boitard 1842 [synonym], Hyaena maculata Odmann 1820 [synonym], Hyaena rufa Desmarest 1820 [synonym]
†Crocuta dbaa Geraads 1997
†Crocuta dietrichi Petter and Howell 1989
†Crocuta macrodonta Liu et al. 1978
†Crocuta sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1867
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma
Collections (156 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Miocene | Pakistan (Punjab) | Crocuta carnifex (13472) | |
| Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Crocuta crocuta (189573) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Pakistan (Punjab) | Crocuta carnifex, Crocuta gigantea (13474) Crocuta carnifex, Crocuta gigantea, Crocuta sp. (13473) | |
| Turolian | Greece (Euboea) | Crocuta eximia (202213) | |
| Messinian | Kenya | Crocuta sp. (22275) | |
| Pliocene | Russian Federation (West-Siberia) | Crocuta eximia (44866) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa | Crocuta crocuta (22355) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Tanzania | Crocuta sp. (21830) | |
| Zanclean - Pliocene | Kenya | Crocuta sp. (22267) | |
| Pliocene - Calabrian | South Africa | Crocuta spelaea, Crocuta crocuta (21791) | |
| Zanclean - Calabrian | Kenya | Crocuta crocuta (21369 21399 21473 21506) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Crocuta crocuta (22207) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Crocuta crocuta (21960) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Morocco | Crocuta alba (32052) Crocuta dbaa (32054) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Taiwan (N/A) | Crocuta crocuta (208876) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | India (Jammu) | Crocuta felina (51102) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Crocuta sp. (21783 21785) | |
| Piacenzian | Tanzania | Crocuta sp. (21798 21799 21800 21802 21807 21812) Crocuta sp., Crocuta sp.nov.-Laetoli (21832) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Crocuta eturono (224657) | |
| Piacenzian - Calabrian | Kenya | Crocuta crocuta (21490) | |