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Leptauchenia
Taxonomy
Leptauchenia was named by Leidy (1856).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontinae by Hay (1902); to Oreodontidae by Cope (1884) and Scott (1913); to Leptaucheniini by Schultz and Falkenbach (1968); to Merycoidodontidae by Leidy (1856), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940) and Lander (1998); and to Leptaucheniinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007) and Prothero and Sanchez (2008).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontinae by Hay (1902); to Oreodontidae by Cope (1884) and Scott (1913); to Leptaucheniini by Schultz and Falkenbach (1968); to Merycoidodontidae by Leidy (1856), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940) and Lander (1998); and to Leptaucheniinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007) and Prothero and Sanchez (2008).
Species
Cyclopidius (Chelonocephalus), Cyclopidius californicus, L. (Sespia), L. decora (syn. Pithecistes decedens, L. harveyi, L. parasimus, L. minora, Pithecistes mariae, Pithecistes breviceps, Pithecistes facies, Pithecistes tanneri, Pithecistes brevifacies, Hadroleptauchenia primitiva, Pseudocyclopidius orellaensis, Cyclopidius loganensis, Pithecistes copei, Pithecistes altageringensis, L. martini, Hadroleptauchenia eiseleyi, Cyclopidius (Chelonocephalus) schucherti), L. lullianus (syn. Cyclopidius quadratus), L. major (syn. L. margeryae, L. densa, Cyclopidius emydinus, Brachymeryx feliceps, Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri, Hadroleptauchenia extrema, Cyclopidius simus, Cyclopidius incisivus, Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae)
Synonyms
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1856 | Leptauchenia Leidy |
| 1877 | Pithecistes Cope p. 219 |
| 1877 | Brachymeryx Cope p. 220 |
| 1877 | Cyclopidius Cope p. 221 |
| 1878 | Brachymeryx Cope |
| 1878 | Pithecistes Cope |
| 1884 | Cyclopidius Cope p. 546 |
| 1884 | Leptauchenia Cope p. 546 |
| 1884 | Pithecistes Cope p. 557 |
| 1902 | Cyclopidius Hay p. 670 |
| 1902 | Leptauchenia Hay p. 670 |
| 1913 | Cyclopidius Scott p. 361 |
| 1913 | Leptauchenia Scott p. 361 |
| 1937 | Leptauchenia Thorpe p. 234 |
| 1937 | Cyclopidius Thorpe p. 241 |
| 1940 | Leptauchenia Scott p. 690 figs. Plates LXXIV , LXXV |
| 1968 | Hadroleptauchenia Schultz and Falkenbach |
| 1968 | Pseudocyclopidius Schultz and Falkenbach |
| 1968 | Pithecistes Schultz and Falkenbach p. 258 figs. Figures 32, 38, 40, 53 ( skulls, mandibles, and dentitions) |
| 1968 | Leptauchenia Schultz and Falkenbach p. 272 figs. Figures 33, 38, 40, 41, 53 ( skulls, mandibles, and dentition) ; 43 ( skeletal elements) |
| 1968 | Cyclopidius Schultz and Falkenbach p. 296 figs. Figures 34, 38, 40, 41 |
| 1968 | Hadroleptauchenia Schultz and Falkenbach p. 303 figs. Fgures 34, 35, 38, 40, 53, 55 (skulls, mandibular rami), and 43 (limbs) |
| 1968 | Pseudocyclopidius Schultz and Falkenbach p. 323 figs. Figures 36-40, 53 (skull, mandibular rami), and 43 (limbs) |
| 1997 | Cyclopidius McKenna and Bell p. 409 |
| 1997 | Hadroleptauchenia McKenna and Bell p. 409 |
| 1997 | Pithecistes McKenna and Bell p. 409 |
| 1997 | Pseudocyclopidius McKenna and Bell p. 409 |
| 1998 | Leptauchenia Lander |
| 2007 | Leptauchenia Stevens and Stevens p. 158 |
| 2008 | Leptauchenia Prothero and Sanchez |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Leptauchenia Leidy 1856
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Subg. †Leptauchenia (Sespia) Stock 1930
†Leptauchenia decora Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Cyclopidius (Chelonocephalus) schucherti Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Cyclopidius loganensis Koerner 1940 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia eiseleyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia primitiva Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia harveyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia martini Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia minora Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Leptauchenia parasimus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes altageringensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes breviceps Loomis 1925 [synonym], Pithecistes brevifacies Cope 1877 [synonym], Pithecistes copei Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes decedens Cope 1884 [synonym], Pithecistes facies Cope 1888 [synonym], Pithecistes mariae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes tanneri Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius orellaensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
†Leptauchenia lullianus Thorpe 1921
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†Pseudocyclopidius lullianus expiratus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Invalid names: Cyclopidius quadratus Koerner 1940 [synonym]
†Leptauchenia major Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Brachymeryx feliceps Cope 1877 [synonym], Cyclopidius emydinus Cope 1884 [synonym], Cyclopidius incisivus Scott 1893 [synonym], Cyclopidius simus Cope 1877 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia extrema Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia densa Loomis 1925 [synonym], Leptauchenia margeryae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Invalid names: Brachymeryx Cope 1877 [synonym], Cyclopidius Cope 1877 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes Cope 1877 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudoleptauchenia Unknown [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. R. Prothero and F. Sanchez 2008 | (modified from CoBabe, 1996, and Lander, 1998) Small to moderate-sized oreodonts with a greatly enlarged pair of nasal-facial vacuities enclosed by the nasal, frontal, premaxillary, and maxillary bones; fan-shaped occipital region; orbit elevated high on the skull; inflated auditory bullae; external auditory meatus tube long, large, elevated and posteriorly directed; deep zygomatic arch and malar bone; teeth hypsodont to extremely hypsodont, with thin occlusal enamel. I1 reduced or absent; P1-3 anteriorly shortened, nearly square, with central
fossette; M1-3 lingual selenes rounded, closely appressed, broadly con- tinuous, forming a single crest extending toward the mesostyle, and off- set posteriorly relative to labial selenes. Differs from Sespia in having a larger body size, wider and thicker zygomatic arch (malar bone) than Sespia, and teeth which are not as hypsodont, but have more prominent styles on M1-3 and stylids on m1-3. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Lander 1998 | |||||
Age range: base of the Orellan to the top of the Harrisonian or 33.90000 to 18.50000 Ma
Collections (139 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orellan | USA (South Dakota) | Hadroleptauchenia eiseleyi (17169) | |
| Orellan | USA (Nebraska) | Hadroleptauchenia eiseleyi (17135) L. decora (17096) Pseudocyclopidius orellaensis (17206) | |
| Orellan | USA (Wyoming) | Pseudocyclopidius orellaensis (17104) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Nebraska) | Hadroleptauchenia primitiva (17407) Hadroleptauchenia primitiva, Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, L. decora (17374) Hadroleptauchenia primitiva, Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, Pithecistes tanneri, Pseudocyclopidius major (17398) Hadroleptauchenia primitiva, L. decora, Pithecistes tanneri, Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri (17419) L. decora (17311 17333 17354 17373 17375 17392 17394 17397 17399 17411 17415) L. decora, Hadroleptauchenia primitiva (17401 17402 17413 17422 17424) L. decora, Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri (17386 17417) L. harveyi (17409 17410 17416 17418) Pithecistes mariae (17319) Pithecistes tanneri (17395 17404 17430) Pithecistes tanneri, Hadroleptauchenia primitiva (17403) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Colorado) | L. decora (17426) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (North Dakota) | L. decora (17432) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (South Dakota) | L. decora (17336 17337 17338 17360) L. decora, Hadroleptauchenia primitiva (17317 17339 17343 17380) L. sp. (17358) Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri (17329 17378) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Wyoming) | L. decora (17335) | |
| Whitneyan - Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | Pseudocyclopidius major (17716) | |
| Geringian | USA (Nebraska) | Hadroleptauchenia densa (17482 17576) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae (17577 17714) L. martini (17488 17575 17697) L. martini, Pseudocyclopidius major (17595) L. parasimus, Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae (17728) Pithecistes mariae (17687) Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17713) Pseudocyclopidius major (17525 17570 17694 17707 17710 17720) | |
| Geringian | USA (South Dakota) | Cyclopidius schucherti (17624 17630 17647) Cyclopidius schucherti, Cyclopidius simus (17641) Cyclopidius simus (17636 17637 17644 17653) Hadroleptauchenia extrema (17593) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae (17668) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, L. martini (17589) L. martini (17501 17665 17693) L. martini, Pseudocyclopidius major (17592) Pithecistes copei, Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17505) Pithecistes mariae, Pseudocyclopidius major (17663) | |
| Geringian | USA (Wyoming) | Pithecistes altageringensis, Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17446) | |
| Arikareean | USA (South Dakota) | Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae (17520 17606) L. decora, L. major (17496) L. martini (17483) L. parasimus (17578) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Wyoming) | Cyclopidius densa (17467) Cyclopidius lullianus, L. decora, L. parasimus, Pithecistes altageringensis (17667) Cyclopidius lullianus, Pithecistes copei (17472) Cyclopidius sp. (17666) Hadroleptauchenia densa, L. parasimus (17502) Hadroleptauchenia densa, L. parasimus, Pithecistes altageringensis, Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17703) Hadroleptauchenia densa, Pithecistes altageringensis (17532) Hadroleptauchenia extrema (17686) L. major (17727) L. minora (17466) L. parasimus (17571) Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17698) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | Cyclopidius densa (17515) Cyclopidius shanafeltae (17514) Hadroleptauchenia densa (17530) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, L. martini (17572) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, L. martini, Pseudocyclopidius major (17717) Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, Pseudocyclopidius major (17568) L. decora (17510 17531 17580 17594) L. decora, Pseudocyclopidius major (17538) L. margeryae, Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17569) L. martini (17573) L. parasimus (17503 17604 17718) L. sp. (17513 17539) Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17477 17669 17692) Pseudocyclopidius major (17473 17602 17719) Pseudocyclopidius major, Pithecistes mariae (17598) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Montana) | Cyclopidius emydinus (17722) Cyclopidius loganensis (17509) Cyclopidius simus (17478) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Colorado) | Pseudocyclopidius major (17500) | |
| Arikareean | USA (California) | L. californica (17684) | |
| early Early Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | L. major (156729) | |
| early Early Arikareean - late Early Arikareean | USA (Wyoming) | Hadroleptauchenia densa (17691) | |
| Monroecreekian | USA (South Dakota) | L. sp. (69921) Pithecistes altageringensis (17547) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Pithecistes copei, Pseudocyclopidius lullianus (17704) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | Cyclopidius schucherti (17951) |