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Equus (Dolichohippus) enormis

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Equus (Dolichohippus) enormis was named by Downs and Miller (1994). Its type specimen is IVCM 32, a partial skeleton (partial cranium and right and left mandibles with postcranial elements including: right distal humer- us, nearly complete right radius-ulna, complete left metac), and it is a 3D body fossil.

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1994Equus (Dolichohippus) enormis Downs and Miller p. 19 figs. 5 - 17

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeEquini
genusEquus
subgenusDolichohippus
speciesenormis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Equus (Dolichohippus) enormis Downs and Miller 1994
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
T. Downs and G. J. Miller 1994About 7 percent longer cranium and mandible than the largest Equus (Dolichohippus), ranging from 616 mm to 660 mm basilar length and 573 mm to 600 mm mandibular length; with greater elongation of the rostrum and palate (rostral index range 0.40 to 0.45, mean 0.43; palatal index 0.21 to 0.24, mean 0.23); orbital position posterior to M3; adult upper incisors and lower third incisor massive; lower third incisor without infundibulum and with a lingual open recessed "V"; ectoflexid in Mn M2, and M3 penetrates isthmus, although with
somewhat less penetration than in E. (D.) simplicidens and E. (D.) grevyi; metastylid in P, and M1 - M2 broad transversely, triangular to rounded anteriorly, with or without lingual indentation; metaconid broad transversely in P3and M2; radius-ulna with a straight midshaft, flattened anterior surface, and fusion of the ulna and radius distal to the foramen separating the two; relatively small metacarpal 3 and phalanges 1 and 3; metatarsals 3 and 4 relatively larger than in other fossil Equus except perhaps E. livenzovensis and E. mosbachensis