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Amphidiscophora

Hexactinellida

Taxonomy
Amphidiscophora was named as an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was reranked as the subclass Amphidiscophora by Finks and Rigby (2004).

It was assigned to Hexactinellida by Finks and Rigby (2004) and Worheide et al. (2012).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2004Amphidiscophora Finks and Rigby p. 320
2012Amphidiscophora Worheide et al. p. 35 figs. Fig. 1.5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classHexactinellidaSchmidt 1870
RankNameAuthor
subclassAmphidiscophora
subclassAmphidiscophora

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Or. Amphidiscosa Schrammen 1924
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G. Hyalonemia Gray 1832
Fm. †Pattersoniidae Miller 1889
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G. †Strobilospongia Beecher 1889
Fm. †Pelicaspongiidae Rigby 1970
+
G. †Arakespongia Rigby et al. 1970
+
†Arakespongia mega Rigby et al. 1970
G. †Ascospongiella Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
+
†Ascospongiella capdevilae Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Asturiaspongia Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
+
†Asturiaspongia aqualiforma Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Cavospongiella Rigby 1986
+
G. †Estrellaspongia Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
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†Estrellaspongia irregulara Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Galeospongia Rigby 1986
+
G. †Hadrophragmos Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
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†Hadrophragmos soleniscus Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Hexirregularia Rigby et al. 2007
+
†Hexirregularia nana Rigby et al. 2007
G. †Larispongia Carrera 1998
G. †Liscombispongia Rigby and Webby 1988
+
†Liscombispongia nodosa Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Naybandospongia Rigby and Senowbari-Daryan 2007
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†Naybandospongia gigantia Rigby and Senowbari-Daryan 2007
G. †Pelicaspongia Rigby 1970
+
†Pelicaspongia cupula Rigby 1986
†Pelicaspongia perforata Rigby and Dixon 1979
†Pelicaspongia sterea Rigby 1970
G. †Pseudohydnoceras Reimann 1935
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G. †Trailospongia Rigby et al. 2007
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†Trailospongia reischi Rigby et al. 2007
G. †Twenhofelella Rigby 1974
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†Twenhofelella waldroni Rigby et al. 1979
G. †Vaurealispongia Rigby 1974
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†Vaurealispongia minuta Rigby et al. 1979
Or. †Hemidiscosa Schrammen 1924
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Fm. †Hemidiscellidae Kling and Reif 1969
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G. †Microhemidiscia Kling and Reif 1969
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†Microhemidiscia greinerti Mouro et al. 2014
Invalid names: Microhemidisciidae Finks and Rigby 2004 [empty]
Fm. Hyalonematidae Gray 1857
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G. Hyalonema Gray 1832
Or. †Reticulosa Reid 1958
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G. †Arystidictya Hall and Clark 1899
Fm. †Asthenospongiidae Botting 2004
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G. †Acutipuerilis Botting 2004
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†Acutipuerilis spinosus Botting 2004
G. †Asthenospongia Rigby et al. 1981
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†Asthenospongia acantha Rigby et al. 1981
†Asthenospongia cambria Botting 2004
G. †Granulispongia Botting 2004
+
†Granulispongia obscura Botting 2004
G. †Carduispongia Nadhira et al. 2019
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†Carduispongia pedicula Nadhira et al. 2019
Superfm. †Dictyospongioidea Hall and Clarke 1899
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Fm. †Dictyospongiidae Hall and Clarke 1899
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Subfm. †Calathospongiinae Hall and Clarke 1899
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G. †Corticospongia Caster 1939
G. †Hydriodictya Hall and Clarke 1899
G. †Diagonodictya Rigby and von Bitter 2005
Subfm. †Dictyospongiinae Hall and Clarke 1899
+
G. †Cyathophycella Rigby and Stuart 1988
G. †Dialyscyphia Hurcewicz and Czarniecki 1986
G. †Dictyospongia Hall and Clarke 1899
G. †Hyalosinica Steiner et al. 1993
G. †Lobospongia Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Microstaura Finks 1960
G. †Polonoscyphia Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Porsguenospongia Pickett and Plusquellec 1998
G. †Ramulospongia Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Repospongia Hurcewicz and Czarniecki 1986
G. †Reticulicymbalum Botting 2005
G. †Retifungus Rietschel 1970
G. †Sanshadictya Mehl and Reitner 1993
Subfm. †Hydnoceratinae Finks et al. 2004
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G. †Hydnoangulus Rigby and Ausich 1981
G. †Hydnocerina Clarke 1918
G. †Protoprisma Rigby and Collins 2004
G. †Tylodictya Hall and Clark 1899
G. †Microstaurella Rigby et al. 2007
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†Microstaurella minima Rigby et al. 2007
†Microstaurella parva Rigby et al. 2007
Subfm. †Physospongiinae Hall and Clark 1899
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G. †Uphantenia Vanuxem 1842
Subfm. †Prismodictyinae de Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Dictyophyton Hall 1863
G. †Dictyophytra Rauff 1894
G. †Ithacadictya Caster 1939
G. †Norfordia Rigby and Harris 1979
G. †Tiddalickia Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Ursaspongia Rigby 1986
Subfm. †Thysanodictyinae Hall and Clarke 1899
+
G. †Acloeodictya Hall and Clark 1899
G. †Arystidictya Hall and Clark 1899
G. †Mattaspongia Rigby 1970
G. †Minitaspongia Carrera et al. 2018
Fm. †Docodermatidae Finks 1960
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G. †Acanthocoryna Finks 1960
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†Acanthocoryna stauroma Finks 1960
G. †Carphites Finks 1960
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†Carphites diabloensis Finks 1960
†Carphites plectus Finks 1960
G. †Corticulospongia Rigby and Chatterton 1989
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†Corticulospongia floccosa Rigby and Chatterton 1989
G. †Docoderma Finks 1960
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†Docoderma papillosum Finks 1960
†Docoderma rigida Finks 1960
G. †Endoplegma Finks 1960
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†Endoplegma calathus Finks 1960
Fm. †Stereodictyidae Finks 1960
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G. †Glossospongia Wu 1989
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†Glossospongia regularis Rigby et al. 1998
G. †Stereodictyum Finks 1960
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†Stereodictyum proteron Rigby 1972
Superfm. Dierespongioidea Rigby and Gutschick 1976
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Fm. †Aglithodictyidae Hall and Clarke 1899
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G. †Aglithodictya Hall and Clark 1899
G. †Asociatella Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Czarnockiella Hurcewicz and Czarniecki 1986
G. †Pachyspongia Termier et al. 1981
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†Pachyspongia columbarium Termier et al. 1981
G. †Paleostauronema Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Poriferella Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Protremadictyon Hurcewicz 1985
G. †Pseudopemmatites Fraipont 1911
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Fm. †Amphispongiidae Rauff 1894
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G. †Amphispongia Salter 1861
Fm. †Dierespongiidae Rigby and Gutschick 1976
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G. †Polylophidium Finks 1960
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†Polylophidium discus Finks 1960
G. †Polyplectella Ruedemann 1925
Fm. †Hydnodictyidae Rigby 1971
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G. †Hydnodictya Rigby 1971
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†Hydnodictya acantha Rigby 1971
Fm. †Multivasculatidae de Laubenfels 1955
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Fm. †Titusvillidae Caster 1943
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G. †Annulispongia Rigby and Moyle 1959
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†Annulispongia interrupta Rigby and Moyle 1959
G. †Sclerothamnus Marshall 1875
G. †Titusvillia Caster 1939
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†Titusvillia drakei Caster 1939
G. †Valospongia Rigby 1971
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†Valospongia sonorensis Beresi et al. 2017
Superfm. †Hintzespongioidea Finks 1983
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Fm. †Hintzespongiidae Finks 1983
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G. †Cyathophycus Walcott 1879
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†Cyathophycus akiensis Rigby et al. 1998
†Cyathophycus extendis Carrera and Ortega 2009
†Cyathophycus loydelli Botting 2004
†Cyathophycus mackenziensis Rigby and Chatterton 1994
†Cyathophycus reticulatus Walcott 1879
Invalid names: Cyathodictya [nomen vanum], Cyathospongia Dawson and Hinde 1889 [nomen vanum]
G. †Hintzespongia Rigby and Gutschick 1976
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†Hintzespongia bilamina Rigby and Gutschick 1976
Invalid names: Hintzesnonaia [objective synonym]
G. †Lantianospongia Xiao et al. 2005
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†Lantianospongia palifera Xiao et al. 2005
G. †Stephenospongia Rigby 1986
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Invalid names: Ratcliffespongia [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Teganiidae de Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Rufuspongia Rigby and Mehl 1994
G. †Taleolaspongia Rigby and Mehl 1994
G. †Teganiella Rigby 1986
G. †Teganium
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Invalid names: Sphaerodictya [objective synonym]
Superfm. †Protospongioidea Hinde 1887
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Fm. †Protospongiidae Hinde 1887
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G. †Brooksella Bassler 1941
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†Brooksella alternata Walcott 1896
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Invalid names: Brooksella confusa Walcott 1896 [objective synonym], Laotira cambria Walcott 1896 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Laotira Walcott 1896 [objective synonym]
G. †Diagoniella Rauff 1894
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†Diagoniella cyathiformis Dawson and Hinde 1889
†Diagoniella hindei Walcott 1920
†Diagoniella magna Rigby et al. 2010
†Diagoniella mica Rigby 1986
†Diagoniella robisoni Rigby 1978
†Diagoniella tubulara Rigby and Harris 1979
G. †Gabelia Rigby and Murphy 1983
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†Gabelia intermedia Rigby and Maher 1995
†Gabelia pedunculus Rigby and Murphy 1983
G. †Heminectere Botting 2004
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†Heminectere minima Botting 2004
†Heminectere rushtoni Botting and Muir 2011
G. †Hexatractiella Mehl 1996
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†Hexatractiella nevadensis Rigby and Stuart 1988
†Hexatractiella pseudonevadensis Rigby et al. 1998
G. †Hunanospongia Qian and Ding 1988
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†Hunanospongia delicata Qian and Ding 1988
G. †Iberospongia Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
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†Iberospongia globulara Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Kiwetinokia Walcott 1920
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†Kiwetinokia utahensis Walcott 1920
G. †Metaxyspongia Wu et al. 2005
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†Metaxyspongia skelidata Wu et al. 2005
G. †Plectoderma Hinde 1884
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†Plectoderma scitulum Hinde 1883
G. †Protospongia Salter 1864
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†Protospongia columbiana Rigby et al. 1998
†Protospongia conica Rigby and Harris 1979
†Protospongia fenestrata Salter 1864
†Protospongia gracilis Xiao et al. 2005
†Protospongia hicksi Hinde 1887
†Protospongia spina Mehl et al. 1993
G. †Quadrolaminiella Chen et al. 1990
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†Quadrolaminiella crassa Chen et al. 1990
†Quadrolaminiella diagonalis Chen et al. 1990
G. †Saetaspongia Mehl and Reitner 1993
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†Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner 1993
G. †Sanshapentella Mehl and Erdtmann 1994
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†Sanshapentella dapingi Mehl and Erdtmann 1994
G. †Testiispongia Rigby 1983
G. †Triticispongia Mehl and Reitner 1993
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†Triticispongia diagonata Steiner et al. 1993
Fm. †Triactinellidae Botting 2005
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G. †Triactinella Botting 2005
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†Triactinella rigbyi Botting 2005
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicac
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Created: 2006-05-26 06:27:44
Modified: 2010-02-11 04:04:01
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Rupelian or 635.00000 to 28.10000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 541.0 Ma

Collections (265 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 541.0Namibia Brooksella sp. (7910)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Irkutsk) Protospongia sp. (99188 99190)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hunan) Hunanospongia delicata (97714)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0China (Yunnan) Valospongia gigantis, Protospongia sp., Triticispongia diagonata, Hyalosinica sp., Saetaspongia densa, Quadrolaminiella diagonalis, Quadrolaminiella crassa (156226)
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Georgia) Brooksella alternata (164675)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Anhui) Gabelia sp., Protospongia sp., Protospongia gracilis, Diagoniella cyathiformis, Protospongia conica, Triticispongia diagonata, Lantianospongia palifera, Sanshapentella dapingi, Hyalosinica archaica (96370)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Protospongia sp. (50319 50321)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Guizhou) Phragmodictya jinshaensis (157542)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Yakutiya) Protospongia sp. (90088) Protospongiidae indet. (80794 80796 80800 80802 80804 80807 80808 80809 80810 80811 80812 80813)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Protospongia sp. (90165 90166) Quadrolaminiella diagonalis, Quadrolaminiella crassa (96403 96412) Quadrolaminiella sp. (86933) Saetaspongia densa (68083 86846 90138 96402) Saetaspongia sp. (86929) Triticispongia diagonata (96405) Triticispongia diagonata, Saetaspongia densa (90150 90163)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Guizhou) Hyalosinica archaica (86849) Protospongia sp. (96653)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Anhui) Protospongia sp. (96658)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Hunan) Triticispongia diagonata, Sanshapentella dapingi, Hyalosinica archaica, Saetaspongia densa, Sanshadictya microreticulata (86850)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Hubai) Saetaspongia sp. (219687)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Yunnan) Saetaspongia densa (132327 132329 132330 194141 194143 194150 194155 194160 194162 194163)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Guizhou) Protospongia sp. (107056) Saetaspongia densa (128419)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Mexico Kiwetinokia sp. (62868)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9China (Anhui) Hexatractiella dongzhiensis, Ratcliffespongia multiforamina, Metaxyspongia skelidata (96614)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Russian Federation (Yakutia) Diagoniella sp. (90438)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2USA (Vermont) Protospongia hicksi (121235)