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Mesangiosperms
Taxonomy
Mesangiosperms was named by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Angiospermae by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Angiospermae by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2016 | Mesangiosperms The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Mesangiosperms The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
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Or. Chloranthales Brown 1835
+
Fm. Chloranthaceae Sims 1820
+
G. Ascarina Forster and Forster 1775
G. †Clavatipollenites Couper 1958
+
†Clavatipollenites cephalus Sah and Kar 1970
†Clavatipollenites dividuus Morgan 1978
†Clavatipollenites hughesii Kemp 1968
†Clavatipollenites minutus Brenner 1963
†Clavatipollenites rotundus Kemp 1968
†Clavatipollenites tenellis Paden et al. 1971
G. Hedyosmum Swartz 1788
Unr. Eudicots Doyle and Hotton 1991
+
Or. Buxales Takhtajan 1996
+
Fm. Buxaceae Dumortier 1822 [boxwood]
+
G. Buxus Linnaeus 1753 [boxwood]
+
†Buxus egeriana Kvaček and Bužek 1982
†Buxus ningmingensis Ma and Sun 2015
Buxus papillosa Schneider 1907
†Buxus pliocenica Saporta and Marion 1876
†Buxus pliosinica Huang et al. 2018
†Buxus preaustroyunnanensis Ma and Sun 2015
†Buxus protojaponica Tanai and Onoe 1961
Buxus sempervirens Linnaeus 1753
Buxus wallichiana Baillon 1859
G. †Erdtmanipollis Krutzsch 1962
G. Sarcococca Lindley 1826 [sweet box]
Invalid names: Haptanthaceae Nelson 2002 [synonym]
Fm. †Didymelaceae Leandri
+
G. †Hexaporotricolpites Boltenhagen 1967
+
†Hexaporotricolpites coronatus Jardiné et al. 1972
†Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi Boltenhagen 1967
†Hexaporotricolpites lamellaferus Jardiné 1972
†Hexaporotricolpites potoniei Boltenhagen 1969
G. †Schizocolpus Stover and Partridge 1973
G. †Polypodiidites Potonié 1966
+
†Polypodiidites delicatissimus Ramanujam 1967
†Polypodiidites horridus Blackhouse 1978
†Polypodiidites magniverrucosus Ramanujam 1967
†Polypodiidites ratnamii Ramanujam 1967
†Polypodiidites speciosus Archangelsky 1972
+
Invalid names: Verrucatosporites speciosus Harris 1965 [replaced]
G. †Spanomera Drinnan et al. 1991
G. †Tuberculatosporites Imgrund 1952
+
†Tuberculatosporites anicystoides Imgrund 1952
†Tuberculatosporites parvus Archangelsky 1972
Unr. Coreeudicots The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
+
Or. Dilleniales
+
Fm. †Dilleniaceae Salisbury 1807
+
G. Dillenia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Dilleniaecarpum Weyland 1948
G. †Dillenites Berry 1916
G. Hibbertia Andrews 1800
G. Tetracera Linnaeus 1753
Unr. Superasterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
+
Unr. Asterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
+
Or. Cornales Link 1829
Unr. Euasterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
Or. †Metteniusales Takht
Or. †Vahliales Dandy
Or. Berberidopsidales Doweld 2001
+
Invalid names: Aextoxicaceae Engler and Gilg 1920 [empty], Berberidopsidaceae Takhtajan 1985 [empty]
Or. Caryophyllales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. †Amaranthaceae de Jussieu 1789
Fm. †Ancistrocladaceae Walpers 1851
Fm. †Cactaceae de Jussieu 1789
Fm. Chenopodiaceae Ventenant 1799
Fm. †Droseraceae Salisbury 1808
G. †Hantsia Chandler 1960
G. †Lymingtonia Erdtman 1960
Fm. Montiaceae Rafinesque 1820
Fm. †Nyctaginaceae de Jussieu 1789
G. †Phenanthera Hollick 1907
Fm. †Phytolaccaceae Brown 1818
Fm. Plumbaginaceae Jussieu 1789
Fm. Polygonaceae Jussieu 1789 [knotweed]
Fm. Portulacaceae de Jussieu 1789 [purslane]
Fm. Tamaricaceae Link 1821 [tamarisk]
Invalid names: Achatocarpaceae Heimerl 1934 [empty], Aizoaceae Martinov 1820 [empty], Anacampserotaceae [empty], Asteropeiaceae Takhtajan 1990 [empty], Barbeuiaceae Nakai 1942 [empty], Basellaceae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1837 [empty], Didiereaceae Radlkofer 1896 [empty], Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw 1952 [empty], Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al. 1989 [empty], Frankeniaceae Desvaux 1817 [empty], Gisekiaceae Nakai 1942 [empty], Halophytaceae Soriano 1984 [empty], Hectorellaceae Philipson and Skipworth [empty], Kewaceae Christenh [empty], Limeaceae Shipunov 2005 [empty], Lophiocarpaceae Doweld and Reveal 2008 [empty], Macarthuriaceae Christenh [empty], Microteaceae Schäferhoff and Borsch [empty], Molluginaceae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1825 [empty], Nepenthaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1829 [empty], Physenaceae Takhtajan 1985 [empty], Rhabdodendraceae Prance 1968 [empty], Sarcobataceae Behnke 1997 [empty], Simmondsiaceae Reveal and Hoogland 1900 [empty], Stegnospermataceae Nakai 1942 [empty], Talinaceae Doweld 2001 [empty]
Or. Santalales Brown 1820
+
G. †Anacolosidites Krutzsch 1959
Fm. Loranthaceae de Jussieu 1808 [mistletoe]
Fm. †Olacaceae Martinov 1818
+
Invalid names: Aptandraceae Miers [synonym], Coulaceae Tiegh [synonym], Erythropalaceae Planch ex Miq [synonym], Octoknemaceae Soler [synonym], Strombosiaceae Tiegh [synonym], Ximeniaceae Horan [synonym]
Fm. †Santalaceae Brown 1810
+
Invalid names: Amphorogynaceae Nickrent and Der [synonym], Cervantesiaceae Nickrent and Der [synonym], Comandraceae Nickrent and Der [synonym], Nanodeaceae Nickrent and Der [synonym], Thesiaceae Vest [synonym], Viscaceae Batsch [synonym]
Fm. Schoepfiaceae Blume 1850
Invalid names: Balanophoraceae Richard 1822 [empty], Eremolepidaceae Nakai [empty], Medusandraceae Brenan [empty], Misodendraceae Agardh 1858 [empty], Opiliaceae Valeton 1886 [empty]
Unr. Superrosids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
+
Or. Saxifragales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. Altingiaceae Horan. 1841
G. †Ambaroxylon Houlbert 1910
Fm. †Cercidiphyllaceae Engler 1907
Fm. Crassulaceae Saint-Hilaire 1805
G. †Escalloniiphyllum Dusen 1899
Fm. †Grossulariaceae de Candolle 1805
Fm. Haloragaceae Brown 1814 [water milfoil]
G. Haloragis Forster and Forster 1775
Fm. Hamamelidaceae Brown 1818 [witch-hazel]
Fm. Iteaceae Agardh 1858
Fm. †Paeoniaceae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
Fm. †Saxifragaceae de Jussieu 1789
Invalid names: Aphanopetalaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Cynomoriaceae Endl ex Lindl [empty], Daphniphyllaceae Mueller 1869 [empty], Penthoraceae Rydb. 1901 [empty], Peridiscaceae Kuhlmann 1950 [empty], Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai 1943 [empty]
Or. Gunnerales Takhtajan 1992
+
G. †Tricolpites Couper 1953
+
†Tricolpites albiensis Kemp 1968
†Tricolpites asper Frederiksen 1978
†Tricolpites asperamarginis McIntyre 1968
†Tricolpites bibaculatus Archangelsky and Zamaloa 1986
†Tricolpites brevis Sah and Kar 1970
†Tricolpites communis Archangelsky 1973
†Tricolpites cooksonae Dettmann 1973
†Tricolpites cooksoni Belsky et al. 1965
†Tricolpites crassimurus Singh 1971
†Tricolpites crassireticulatus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Tricolpites foxii Biswas 1962
†Tricolpites gageonnetii Schrank 1987
†Tricolpites giganteus Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Tricolpites gigantoreticulatus Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Tricolpites gilli Cookson 1957
†Tricolpites gillii Cookson 1957
†Tricolpites globus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Tricolpites levis Sah and Dutta 1966
†Tricolpites longicolpus Sah and Dutta 1966
†Tricolpites micromunus Burger 1970
†Tricolpites microreticulatus Belsky et al. 1965
†Tricolpites microreticuloides Ramanujam 1966
†Tricolpites microstriatus Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Tricolpites minutus Singh 1971
†Tricolpites mutabilis Leffingwell 1971
†Tricolpites pachyexinus Couper 1953
†Tricolpites pannosus Dettmann and Playford 1968
†Tricolpites parvus Stanley 1965
†Tricolpites protoclarensis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Tricolpites psilatus Martin 1973
†Tricolpites redactus Frederiksen 1978
†Tricolpites reticulata Cookson 1947
†Tricolpites reticulatus Couper 1953
†Tricolpites retielegans Freile 1972
†Tricolpites ringens Burger 1993
†Tricolpites sabulosus Dettmann and Playford 1968
†Tricolpites sagax Norris 1967
†Tricolpites speciosum Ramanujam 1966
†Tricolpites synstriatus Jardine and Magloire 1965
†Tricolpites trioblatus Mildenhall and Pocknall 1989
†Tricolpites variabilis Burger 1970
†Tricolpites verrucatus Stuchlik 1981
†Tricolpites virgeus Zippi and Bajc 1989
†Tricolpites vulgaris Pierce 1961
†Tricolpites waiparaensis Couper 1960
Invalid names: Myrothamnaceae Niedenzu 1891 [empty]
G. †Javelinoxylon Wheeler et al. 1994
Or. Proteales Jussieu 1829
+
G. Darlingia Mueller 1866
Fm. Nelumbonaceae Richard 1827 [lotus]
+
G. Nelumbo Adanson 1763
+
†Nelumbo aureavallis Hickey 1977
†Nelumbo intermedia Knowlton 1900
†Nelumbo kempii Hollick 1893
†Nelumbo lakesiana Lesquereux 1873
†Nelumbo laramiensis Hollick 1894
†Nelumbo nangalensis Bhattacharyya 1983
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner 1788
†Nelumbo protolutea Berry 1918
†Nelumbo puertae Gandolfo and Cuneo 2005
†Nelumbo pygmaea Dawson 1890
†Nelumbo saskatchuense Dawson 1887
G. †Peninsulapollis Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
+
†Peninsulapollis askinae Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
†Peninsulapollis askiniae Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
†Peninsulapollis gillii Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
†Peninsulapollis truswelliae Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
Fm. Platanaceae Lestiboudois 1826
+
G. †Aspidiophyllum Lesquereux 1876
+
†Aspidiophyllum dentatum Lesquereux 1883
†Aspidiophyllum platanifolium Lesquereux 1883
†Aspidiophyllum trilobatum Lesquereux 1876
G. †Credneria Zenker 1833
+
†Credneria daturaefolia Ward 1885
†Credneria integerrima Zenker 1833
†Credneria macrophylla Heer 1869
†Credneria microphylla Lesquereux 1875
†Credneria pachyphylla Knowlton 1899
†Credneria protophylloides Knowlton 1918
G. †Langeranthus Huegele and Manchester 2022
+
†Langeranthus dillhoffiorum Huegele and Manchester 2022
G. †Macginitiea Wolfe and Wehr 1986
+
†Macginitiea angustiloba Lesquereux 1878
†Macginitiea gracilis Wolfe and Wehr 1987
†Macginitiea nobilis Newberry 1868
†Macginitiea whitneyi Lesquereux 1878
†Macginitiea wyomingensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Aralia macrophylla Newberry 1882 [replaced]
G. †Platananthus Manchester 1986
+
†Platananthus hueberi Friis et al. 1988
†Platananthus scanicus Friis et al. 1988
†Platananthus synandrus Manchester 1986
G. †Plataninium Unger 1842
+
†Plataninium acerinum Unger 1842
†Plataninium californicum Page 1968
†Plataninium crystallophilum Platen 1907
†Plataninium haydeni Felix 1896
†Plataninium knowltoni Platen 1907
†Plataninium pacificum Platen 1907
†Plataninium platanoides Page 1968
G. †Platanites Forbes 1851
+
†Platanites herbridicus Forbes 1851
†Platanites marginata Lesquereux 1872
†Platanites raynoldsii Newberry 1868
G. †Platanocarpus Friis et al. 1988
+
†Platanocarpus brookensis Crane et al. 1993
†Platanocarpus carolinensis Friis et al. 1988
†Platanocarpus elkneckensis Pedersen et al. 1994
†Platanocarpus marylandensis Friis et al. 1988
G. †Platanophyllum Fontaine 1889
G. Platanus Linnaeus 1753 [plane tree]
+
†Platanus aceroides Göppert 1852
†Platanus appendiculata Lesquereux 1878
+
Invalid names: Acer aequidentatum Lesquereux 1878 [synonym]
†Platanus aquehongensis Hollick 1892
†Platanus aspera Newberry 1882
†Platanus asperaeformis Berry 1919
†Platanus basilobata Ward 1885
†Platanus bella Kvacek et al. 2001
†Platanus cissoides Lesquereux 1891
†Platanus coloradensis Knowlton 1930
†Platanus condoni Newberry 1883
†Platanus cordata Knowlton 1898
†Platanus diminutiva Lesquereux 1868
†Platanus dissecta Lesquereux 1878
†Platanus guillelmae Göppert 1852
†Platanus haydenii Newberry 1868
†Platanus heerii Lesquereux 1871
†Platanus heterophyllus Newberry 1875
†Platanus kuemmellii Berry 1906
†Platanus montana Knowlton 1899
†Platanus neptuni Buzek et al. 1967
†Platanus newberryana Lesquereux 1868
†Platanus nobilis Newberry 1868
†Platanus obtusiloba Lesquereux 1868
Platanus occidentalis Linnaeus 1753
†Platanus paucidentata Dorf 1930
†Platanus platanoides Lesquereux 1874
†Platanus raynoldsii Newberry 1868
†Platanus regularis Knowlton 1918
†Platanus ripleyensis Berry 1919
†Platanus shirleyensis Berry 1914
†Platanus tsuyazakiensis Suzuki 1976
†Platanus vivarium Knowlton 1899
†Platanus wardii Knowlton 1900
Fm. Proteaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Agastachys Brown 1811
G. Banksia Linnaeus 1782
+
†Banksia archaeocarpa McNamara and Scott 1983
†Banksia novaezelandiae Carpenter et al. 2010
†Banksia puryearensis Berry 1916
†Banksia pusilla Velenovsky 1883
†Banksia saffordi Lesquereux 1859
†Banksia tenuifolia Berry 1916
G. †Banksieaeformis Hill and Christophel 1988
+
†Banksieaeformis decurrens Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaeformis dentatus Hill and Christophel 1988
G. †Banksieaephyllum Cookson and Duigan 1950
+
†Banksieaephyllum angustum Cookson and Duigan 1950
†Banksieaephyllum attenuatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum cuneatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum elongatus Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum incisum Blackburn 1981
†Banksieaephyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum longifolium Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Banksieaephyllum orientalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum regularis Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum taylorii Carpenter et al. 1994
†Banksieaephyllum westdaliense Hill and Merrifield 1993
G. †Banksites Saporta 1863
+
†Banksites integer Saporta 1861
†Banksites lineatus Lesquereux 1883
†Banksites saportanus Velenovsky 1883
G. †Beaupreaidites Potonié 1960
+
†Beaupreaidites elegansiformis Cookson 1950
†Beaupreaidites orbiculatus Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
G. Cardwellia Mueller 1865
G. Cenarrhenes Labillardière 1805
G. †Conospermites Ettingshausen 1867
+
†Conospermites ellipticus Fontaine 1889
†Conospermites hakeaefolius Ettingshausen 1867
G. †Conospermum Smith 1798
G. †Cranwellipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Cranwellipollis apiculatus Stover and Partridge 1982
†Cranwellipollis palisadus Couper 1953
†Cranwellipollis subpalisadus Martin and Harris 1974
G. †Dryandroides Unger 1850
+
†Dryandroides cleburni Lesquereux 1873
†Dryandroides grandis Unger 1850
†Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton 1917
†Dryandroides quercinea Velenovsky 1883
G. †Echitriporites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Echitriporites irregularis Muller 1968
†Echitriporites longispinosus Schrank 1994
†Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Echitriporites variabilis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Embothrites Unger 1850
+
†Embothrites borealis Unger 1850
†Embothrites daphneoides Lesquereux 1874
†Embothrites simpsoni Berry 1932
G. †Euproteaciphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
+
†Euproteaciphyllum alloxylonoides Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum amphistomaticum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum attenuatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum brookerensis Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum cethanicum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum falcatum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum integrifolium Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced], Proteaciphyllum microphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum linearis Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum lomatioides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum microlobium Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum microphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum pacificum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum papillosum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum pinnatum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum polymorphum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum rugulatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum serratum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tasmanicum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
G. Grevillea Brown and Knight 1809
G. Hakea Schrader 1798
G. †Hicksbeachia Mueller 1882
G. Isopogon Brown and Knight 1809
G. Knightia Brown 1810
G. Lambertia Smith 1798
G. Lomatia Brown 1810
+
†Lomatia abbreviata Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia acutiloba Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia interrupta Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia microphylla Lesquereux 1875
†Lomatia novaezelandiae Pole 1997
†Lomatia occidentalis Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia patagonica Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia preferruginea Berry 1938
†Lomatia saportanea Lesquereux 1874
†Lomatia terminalis Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia tripartita Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia xeromorpha Carpenter and Hill 1988
G. †Lomatites Saporta 1862
+
†Lomatites acerosus Saporta 1862
†Lomatites hakeaefolia Lesquereux 1883
+
Invalid names: Carduus florissantensis Cockerell 1906 [synonym]
†Lomatites spinosa Lesquereux 1883
G. †Macclintockia Heer 1866
+
†Macclintockia cretacea Heer 1882
†Macclintockia dentata Heer 1866
†Macclintockia lyallii Heer 1868
†Macclintockia trinervis Heer 1868
G. Musgravea Mueller 1890
G. †Orites Brown 1810
+
†Orites bivascularis Romero et al. 1988
†Orites excelsoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Orites milliganoides Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites scleromorpha Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites truncata Jordan 1995
G. †Palaeodendron Saporta 1862
+
†Palaeodendron americanum Berry 1916
†Palaeodendron gypsophilum Saporta 1862
G. Persoonia Smith 1798 [geebung]
+
†Persoonia lesquereuxii Knowlton 1891
†Persoonia oviformis Lesquereux 1859
†Persoonia spatulata Hollick 1895
G. †Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al. 2010
+
†Persoonieaephyllum ornatum Carpenter et al. 2010
†Persoonieaephyllum villosum Carpenter et al. 2010
G. Petrophile Knight 1809
G. †Propylipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Propylipollis ambiguus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
†Propylipollis annularis Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis lateflexus Baldoni and Askin 1993
†Propylipollis microverrucatus Truswell and Owen 1988
†Propylipollis pseudocostatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Propylipollis reticuloscabratus Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis tenuiexinus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
G. †Proteacidites Cookson and Couper 1953
+
†Proteacidites africaensis Schrank and Ibrahim 1995
†Proteacidites amolosexinus Dettmann and Playford 1968
†Proteacidites angulatus Stover 1973
†Proteacidites baibianae De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites beddoesii Stover 1973
†Proteacidites cooksonii Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Proteacidites dehaani Germeraad et al. 1968
†Proteacidites excertus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Proteacidites miniporatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Proteacidites mirasolensis De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites obscurus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites parvus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites protrudus Sah and Kar 1970
†Proteacidites pseudomoides Stover 1973
†Proteacidites retiformis Couper 1960
†Proteacidites scaboratus Couper 1960
†Proteacidites sigalii Boltenhagen 1978
†Proteacidites subscabratus Couper 1960
†Proteacidites symphyonemoides Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites tenuiexinus Stover 1973
G. †Proteaephyllum Fontaine 1889
+
†Proteaephyllum californicum Fontaine 1905
†Proteaephyllum ovatum Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Proteaephyllum ellipticum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum tenuinerve Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Proteaephyllum reniforme Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Phyllites pachyphyllus Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum orbiculare Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Proteoides Heer and Capellini 1867
+
†Proteoides acuta Heer 1866
†Proteoides conospermaefolia Berry 1919
†Proteoides crassipes Heer 1874
†Proteoides grevilliaeformis Heer 1866
†Proteoides lancifolius Heer 1871
†Proteoides major Dawson 1893
†Proteoides neillii Dawson 1893
†Proteoides parvula Berry 1914
†Proteoides wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Rogersia Fontaine 1889
+
†Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Saliciphyllum longifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Rogersia australis Cunéo and Gandolfo 2005
G. Stirlingia Endlicher 1837
G. †Triporopollenites Pflug and Thomson 1953
+
†Triporopollenites ambiguus Couper 1973
†Triporopollenites minor Barreda 1997
†Triporopollenites plicata Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites simplex Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites stephanoreticulatus Belsky et al. 1965
†Triporopollenites vimalii Sah and Dutta 1966
G. Xylomelum Smith 1798
Invalid names: Banksieae Reichenbach 1828 [empty], Leucospermites Saporta 1861 [nomen nudum]
G. †Retidiporites Varma and Rawat 1963
+
†Retidiporites agilis González-Guzmán 1967
†Retidiporites botulus Leidelmeyer 1966
†Retidiporites camachoi Archangelsky 1973
†Retidiporites camachoii Archangelsky 1973
†Retidiporites elongatus Sarmiento 1992
†Retidiporites magdalenensis Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Retidiporites poricostatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Fm. †Sabiaceae von Blume 1851
+
G. Meliosma Blume 1823
+
†Meliosma cantiensis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Meliosma eopinnata Prasad 2006
†Meliosma jenkinsi Chandler 1961
†Meliosma longifolia Hickey 1977
†Meliosma rostellata Crane et al. 1990
†Meliosma sheppeyensis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Meliosma truncata MacGinitie 1941
G. Stenocarpus Brown 1811
G. †Triatriopollenites Thomson and Pflug 1953
+
†Triatriopollenites bertelsii Archangelsky 1973
†Triatriopollenites lateflexus Archangelsky 1973
Invalid names: Nelumbonales [invalid subgroup]
Or. Ranunculales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. Berberidaceae de Jussieu 1789 [barberry]
+
G. Berberis Linnaeus 1754
+
Berberis ceratophylla Don 1821
†Berberis gigantea Knowlton 1902
Berberis lycium Royle 1834
G. Mahonia Nuttall 1818
+
†Mahonia lobodonta Becker 1959
†Mahonia mioasiatica Huang and Zhou 2015
†Mahonia mohavensis Axelrod 1939
G. Odostemon Rafinesque 1817
+
†Odostemon florissantensis Cockerell 1908
†Odostemon simplex Newberry 1882
Fm. †Lardizabalaceae Brown 1821
+
Fm. †Menispermaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Carronia Mueller 1875
G. Cissampelos Linnaeus
G. †Cocculophyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. Cocculus de Candolle 1817
+
†Cocculus cinnamomeus Velenovsky 1885
†Cocculus flabella Wolfe 1966
†Cocculus haydenianus Ward 1885
†Cocculus lottii Collinson et al. 2012
†Cocculus minutus Hollick 1904
†Cocculus miotrilobus Prasad and Pandey 2008
†Cocculus polycarpaefolius Berry 1919
†Cocculus problematicus Berry 1919
G. Diploclisia Miers 1851
+
†Diploclisia bognorensis Chandler 1961
†Diploclisia rugulosa Collinson et al. 2012
G. Hypserpa Miers 1851
G. †Menispermicarpum Chesters 1957
+
†Menispermicarpum crenulatum Chesters 1957
†Menispermicarpum rariforme Chandler 1961
†Menispermicarpum serratum Chandler 1961
†Menispermicarpum venablesi Chandler 1961
G. †Menispermites Lesquereux 1874
+
†Menispermites acutilobus Lesquereux 1883
†Menispermites borealis Heer 1882
†Menispermites brysoniana Hollick 1894
†Menispermites calderensis Jud et al. 2018
†Menispermites californicus Fontaine 1905
†Menispermites cyclophyllus Lesquereux 1874
†Menispermites grandis Lesquereux 1883
†Menispermites integrifolia Berry 1917
†Menispermites menispermifolius Lesquereux 1868
+
Invalid names: Menispermites acerifolia Lesquereux 1874 [synonym]
†Menispermites obtusiloba Lesquereux 1868
†Menispermites ovalis Lesquereux 1875
†Menispermites parvareolatus Hickey 1977
†Menispermites populifolius Lesquereux 1874
†Menispermites potomacensis Berry 1911
†Menispermites reniformis Dawson 1882
†Menispermites rugosus Lesquereux 1891
†Menispermites salinae Lesquereux 1872
†Menispermites trilobatus Berry 1919
†Menispermites variabilis Berry 1914
†Menispermites wardianus Hollick 1895
†Menispermites wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Palaeosinomenium Chandler 1961
+
†Palaeosinomenium hantonense Chandler 1963
†Palaeosinomenium ornamentum Collinson et al. 2012
†Palaeosinomenium pulchrum Chandler 1961
†Palaeosinomenium venablesi Chandler 1961
G. Parabaena Miers 1851
+
†Parabaena bognorensis Chandler 1964
†Parabaena europaea Czeczott and Skirgiello 1967
G. Pericampylus Miers 1851
G. Stephania Loureiro 1790
+
†Stephania hootae Collinson et al. 2012
†Stephania palaeosudamericana Herrera et al. 2011
†Stephania psittaca Jud et al. 2018
G. †Tinomiscoidea Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Tinomiscoidea jacquesii Collinson et al. 2012
†Tinomiscoidea scaphiformis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Tinomiscoidea taylori Chandler 1961
G. Tinospora Miers 1851
+
†Tinospora arnensis Chandler 1962
†Tinospora excavata Reid and Chandler 1933
†Tinospora folmerii Tiffney 1999
†Tinospora wilkinsoni Chandler 1961
G. †Wardenia Chandler 1961
+
†Wardenia davisi Chandler 1961
†Wardenia marginata Chandler 1963
†Wardenia poolensis Chandler 1962
G. †Wardensheppeya Eyde 1970
Invalid names: Cocculeae Diels [empty], Cocculites Heer 1874 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Pteridophyllaceae Reveal and Hoogland
+
Fm. Ranunculaceae Jussieu 1789 [buttercup]
+
G. Aconitum Linnaeus 1753 [monkshood]
G. Clematis Linnaeus 1753 [clematis]
G. Ranunculus Linnaeus 1753
+
Ranunculus sceleratus Linnaeus 1753
Ranunculus tachiroei Franchet and Savatier 1876
G. Thalictrum Linnaeus 1753 [meadow-rue]
G. Trollius Linnaeus 1753
G. †Teixeiraea von Balthazar et al. 2005
Invalid names: Circaeasteraceae Huchinson 1926 [empty], Eupteleaceae Wilhelm 1910 [empty], Papaveraceae de Jussieu 1789 [empty]
Or. Solanales Jussieu 1820
+
Fm. Convolvulaceae de Jussieu 1789 [bindweed]
+
G. Convolvulus Linnaeus 1753
G. Cuscuta Linnaeus 1753 [dodder]
G. Evolvulus Linnaeus 1762 [dwarf morning glory]
G. †Perfotricolpites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Perfotricolpites digitatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Perfotricolpites semistriatus González-Guzmán 1967
G. Porana Burman 1768
+
†Porana cockerelli Knowlton 1916
†Porana similis Knowlton 1916
†Porana speirii Lesquereux 1883
†Porana tenuis Lesquereux 1883
Fm. Solanaceae de Jussieu 1789 [nightshade]
+
G. †Florissantia Knowlton 1916
+
†Florissantia ashwillii Manchester 1992
†Florissantia physalis Knowlton 1916
†Florissantia quilchenensis Manchester 1992
†Florissantia speirii Manchester 1992
G. Solanum Linnaeus 1753
G. Withania Pauquy 1825
Invalid names: Cestroxylon Paradkar and Bhutada 1971 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Hydroleaceae Brown 1821 [empty], Hydrophyllaceae Brown [empty], Montiniaceae Nakai 1943 [empty], Nolanaceae Dumortier [empty], Sphenocleaceae Baskerville 1839 [empty]
Or. Trochodendrales Takhtajan 1981
+
G. †Tetracentronites Mathiesen 1932
+
†Tetracentronites hartzi Mathiesen 1932
†Tetracentronites panochetris Page 1968
Fm. Trochodendraceae Prantl 1865
+
G. †Zizyphoides Seward and Conway 1935
+
†Zizyphoides columbi Heer 1935
†Zizyphoides ezoensis Manchester et al. 2005
Invalid names: Tetracentraceae Smith [synonym]
Or. †Violales
+
Fm. Flacourtiaceae Richard and Candolle 1824
+
G. Alsodeia Thouars
+
†Alsodeia palaeoechinocarpa Antal and Prasad 1998
†Alsodeia palaeoracemosa Antal and Prasad 1997
†Alsodeia palaeozeylanica Antal and Awasthi 1993
G. Flacourtia Commerson 1786
+
†Flacourtia koilabasensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008
†Flacourtia nepalensis Awasthi and Prasad 1990
†Flacourtia seriaensis Prasad et al. 1997
†Flacourtia tertiara Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. †Flacourtioxylon Trivedi and Srivastava 1986
+
†Flacourtioxylon mohgaonense Trivedi and Srivastava 1986
G. Gynocardia Roxburgh 1819
+
†Gynocardia butwalensis Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
†Gynocardia mioodorata Prasad et al. 2004
G. †Homalioxylon Prakash and Tripathi 1974
+
†Homalioxylon assamicum Prakash and Tripathi 1974
†Homalioxylon mandlaense Bande 1974
Invalid names: Homalioxylon parapaniense Trivedi and Srivastava 1981 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hydnocarpus Gaertner
+
†Hydnocarpus chorkholaensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Hydnocarpus palaeokurzii Antal and Awasthi 1993
†Hydnocarpus siwalicus Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. Soymida de Jussieu 1830
Invalid names: Hoplestigmataceae Gilg [empty], Malesherbiaceae Don [empty], Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw [empty], Scyphostegiaceae Hutchinson [empty], Turneraceae de Candolle [empty]
Invalid names: Eudicotyledoneae Cantino et al. 2007 [synonym]
Unr. Monocots
+
Fm. Araceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Acorus Linnaeus 1753 [calamus]
+
†Acorus affinis Lesquereux 1873
†Acorus brachystachys Heer 1870
Acorus calamus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Araceaepites Biswas 1962
+
†Araceaepites conditi Biswas 1962
†Araceaepites microgranulata Biswas 1962
†Araceaepites nagappae Biswas 1962
G. †Aracispermum Nikitin
+
†Aracispermum arnense Chandler 1962
†Aracispermum hippuriformis Nikitin 1965
G. †Arisaemites Knowlton 1896
G. Colocasia Schott
G. †Colocasioideaepites Biswas 1962
+
†Colocasioideaepites benstonei Biswas 1962
†Colocasioideaepites kamrupensis Biswas 1962
†Colocasioideaepites kingstoni Biswas 1962
†Colocasioideaepites nymphaeaceaeformis Biswas 1962
†Colocasioideaepites sellingii Biswas 1962
†Colocasioideaepites simsangensis Biswas 1962
Subfm. Lemnoideae Babington 1843
+
Subfm. †Orontioideae Mayo et al. 1997
+
G. Pistia Linnaeus 1753 [water cabbage]
+
†Pistia claibornensis Berry 1914
†Pistia corrugata Lesquereux 1874
†Pistia nordenskioeldi Heer 1874
Pistia spathulata Michaux 1803
†Pistia wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Proxapertites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Proxapertites cursus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Proxapertites humbertoides Van der Hammen 1954
†Proxapertites magnus Müller et al. 1987
†Proxapertites maracaiboensis Muller 1987
†Proxapertites operculatus Van der Hammen 1956
†Proxapertites psilatus Sarmiento 1992
†Proxapertites tertiaria Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Proxapertites verrucatus Sarmiento 1992
G. Typhonium Schott 1829
Fm. Arecaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1820 [palm]
+
G. †Amesoneuron Göppert 1852
+
†Amesoneuron borassoides Bonde 1986
†Amesoneuron noeggerathiae Goeppert 1852
†Amesoneuron siwalicus Prasad 2006
G. Archontophoenix Wendland and Drude 1875
G. †Arecipites Nichols et al. 1973
+
†Arecipites asymmetricus Fredriksen 1983
†Arecipites bellus Sah and Kar 1970
†Arecipites botrus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Arecipites microfoveolatus Ibrahim 2002
†Arecipites minutiscabratus Mc Intyre 1968
†Arecipites punctatus Wodehouse 1958
†Arecipites regio Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Retimonocolpites regio Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966 [synonym]
†Arecipites rugosus Wodehouse 1958
†Arecipites subverrucatus Mildenhall and Pocknall 1989
†Arecipites waitakiensis Mildenhall and Pocknall 1989
G. Borassus Linnaeus 1753 [palmyra palm]
G. Cocos Linnaeus 1753 [coconut]
+
†Cocos intertrappeansis Patil and Upadhye 1984
Cocos nucifera Linnaeus 1753
†Cocos sahnii Kaul 1951
Unr. Coryphoideae Burnett [fan palm]
+
G. Chamaerops Linnaeus
G. Copernicia Mart
G. †Sabalites Saporta 1865
+
†Sabalites californicus Lesquereux 1878
†Sabalites campbelli Newberry 1863
†Sabalites carolinensis Berry 1914
†Sabalites fructifer Lesquereux 1873
†Sabalites magothiensis Berry 1905
†Sabalites microphylla Sahni 1964
†Sabalites oxyrhachis Saporta 1865
†Sabalites powellii Read and Hickey 1972
†Sabalites suessionensis Fritel 1910
†Sabalites tibetensis Su and Zhou 2019
G. Eugeissona Griffith 1845 [bertam]
G. †Flabellaria Sternberg 1821
+
†Flabellaria florissanti Lesquereux 1883
†Flabellaria latania Rossmässler 1840
†Flabellaria minima Lesquereux 1883
†Flabellaria raphifolia Sternberg 1821
G. †Geonomites Visiani 1864
+
†Geonomites goldianus Lesquereux 1874
†Geonomites graminifolius Lesquereux 1888
†Geonomites saturnia Visiani 1864
†Geonomites schimperi Lesquereux 1878
†Geonomites tenuirachis Lesquereux 1878
Invalid names: Geonomites Lesquereux 1878 [objective synonym]
G. Iriartea López and Jiménez 1794
G. †Longapertites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Longapertites andreisii Archangelsky 1973
†Longapertites brasiliensis González-Guzmán 1967
†Longapertites circulatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Longapertites cuddalorense Ramanujam 1966
†Longapertites fossuloides González-Guzmán 1967
†Longapertites marginatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Longapertites microfoveolatus Adegoke and Jan du Chene 1975
†Longapertites patagonicus Archangelsky 1973
†Longapertites perforatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Longapertites proxapertitoides Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
+
†Longapertites proxapertitoides reticulatus Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Longapertites proxapertitoides reticuloides González-Guzmán 1967
†Longapertites proxapertitoides proxapertitoides Van der Hammen and Garcia 1966
†Longapertites vaneendenburgi Geermerad et al. 1968
G. †Luminidites Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
+
†Luminidites colombianensis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Mauritiidites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Mauritiidites crassibaculatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Mauritiidites crassiexinus Du Chene et al. 1978
†Mauritiidites franciscoi van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Mauritiidites franciscoi franciscoi van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Mauritiidites franciscoi minutus Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Mauritiidites franciscoi pachyexinatus Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Mauritiidites lehmanii Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Nipadites Bowerbank 1840
G. Nypa van Wurmb 1779
+
†Nypa australis Pole and Macphail 1996
†Nypa burtini Brongniart 1828
Nypa fruticans Wumb 1781
+
Invalid names: Amomum sheppyense Ettinghausen and Gardner 1879 [synonym], Amomum stenocarpum Ettingshausen 1879 [synonym], Apeibopsis gigantea Fraas 1867 [synonym], Burtinia cocoides Ettingshausen 1852 [synonym], Castellinia ambigua Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Castellinia compressa Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Castellinia elliptica Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Castellinia incurva Massalongo 1852 [synonym], Castellinia subrotunda Massalongo 1852 [synonym], Castellinia zignoana Massalongo 1852 [synonym], Fracastoria anguria Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria citriformis Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria citrullus Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria cucurbitina Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria gastrioides Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria gigantea Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria lagenaria Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria megapepo Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria melo Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria pomiformis Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria pyramidalis Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria pyriformis Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria rotunda Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Fracastoria zignoana Massalongo 1858 [synonym], Nipa hindi Rode 1933 [synonym], Nipa pernambucensis Dolianiti 1955 [synonym], Nipadites acutus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites borneensis Kräusel 1923 [synonym], Nipadites bowerbankii Ettingshausen 1852 [synonym], Nipadites clavatus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites cordiformis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites crassus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites ellipticus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites giganteus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites heberti Watelet 1866 [synonym], Nipadites lanceolatus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites parkinsonis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites pruniformis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites pyramidalis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites semiteres Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites sickenbergeri Bonnet 1904 [synonym], Nipadites turgidus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Nipadites umbonatus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Palaeokeura cretaceum Miguel 1853 [synonym], Pandanocarpum oblongum Brongniart 1828 [synonym], Rubiaceocarpum markgrafi Kraeusel 1939 [synonym]
†Nypa hindi Rode 1933
†Nypa sahnii Lakhanpal 1952
G. Oraniopsis Dransfield et al. 1985
G. †Oreodoxites Goeppert 1864
+
†Oreodoxites martianus Goeppert 1864
†Oreodoxites plicatus Lesquereux 1883
Invalid names: Oreodoxites Lesquereux 1883 [objective synonym]
G. †Palmacites Brongniart 1822
+
†Palmacites dorfii Read and Hickey 1972
†Palmacites goldianus Lesquereux 1874
†Palmacites khariensis Lakhanpal and Guleria 1982
†Palmacites lamanonis Brongniart 1822
Invalid names: Exflabellaria La Motte 1952 [synonym]
G. †Palmocaulon Menon
+
†Palmocaulon costapalmatum Kulkarni and Patil 1977
†Palmocaulon hyphaeneoides Shete and Kulkarni 1980
G. †Palmostroboxylon Biradar and Bonde 1979
+
†Palmostroboxylon arengoidum Ambwani 1984
†Palmostroboxylon indicum Biradar and Bonde 1979
Invalid names: Palmostroboxylon mahabalei Varadpande 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmostroboxylon umariense Bonde 1988 [nomen nudum]
G. †Palmoxylon Schenk 1882
+
†Palmoxylon anchorus Stevens 1912
†Palmoxylon arcotense Ramanujam 1953
†Palmoxylon arviensis Ambwani 1981
†Palmoxylon barbatum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon blanfordi Schenk 1882
†Palmoxylon cellulosum Knowlton 1888
†Palmoxylon chhindwarense Prakash 1960
†Palmoxylon cliffwoodensis Berry 1916
†Palmoxylon cordatum Trivedi and Surange 1969
†Palmoxylon coromandelensis Mahabale and Rao 1973
†Palmoxylon coronatum Sahni 1980
†Palmoxylon cribriforme Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon dakshinense Prakash 1960
†Palmoxylon deccanense Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon dilacunosum Ambwani 1984
†Palmoxylon edwardsii Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon eocenum Prakash 1962
†Palmoxylon feistmantelii Rao and Achuthan 1969
†Palmoxylon fibrosum Menon 1965
†Palmoxylon ghughuensis Ambwani and Prakash 1983
†Palmoxylon hislopii Rode 1933
†Palmoxylon indicum Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon intertrappeum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon invaginatum Rode 1934
†Palmoxylon jammuense Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon kachchhensis Guleria 1983
†Palmoxylon kamalam Rode 1933
†Palmoxylon keriense Trivedi and Verma 1971
†Palmoxylon khalsa Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon kondhaliensis Mahabale and Kulkarni 1981
†Palmoxylon kraeuselii Rao and Menon 1966
†Palmoxylon krishna Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon leibigianum Schenk 1882
†Palmoxylon livistonoides Prakash and Ambwani 1980
†Palmoxylon mahabalei Rao and Menon 1967
†Palmoxylon maheshwarii Rao and Menon 1964
†Palmoxylon mandlaensis Lakhanpal et al. 1979
†Palmoxylon mathurii Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon mohgaoensis Rode 1934
†Palmoxylon narayanae Rao and Menon 1962
†Palmoxylon nawargaonsis Shukla 1941
†Palmoxylon pantii Trivedi and Surange 1971
†Palmoxylon parapaniensis Lakhanpal et al. 1979
†Palmoxylon parthasarathyi Rao and Menon 1964
†Palmoxylon patagonicum Romero 1968
†Palmoxylon penchense Trivedi and Verma 1974
†Palmoxylon pondicherriense Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon prismaticum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon puratanum Ramanujam 1958
†Palmoxylon pyriforme Sahni 1940
†Palmoxylon quenstedti Felix 1883
†Palmoxylon raoi Menon 1968
†Palmoxylon rewahense Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon sagari Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon sclerodermum Sahni 1943
†Palmoxylon scottii Dayal and Menon 1965
†Palmoxylon seriatum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon shahpuraensis Ambwani 1983
†Palmoxylon siltherensis Ambwani 1984
†Palmoxylon solidum Rode 1934
†Palmoxylon splendidum Trivedi and Chandra 1971
†Palmoxylon sundaram Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon superbum Trivedi and Verma 1971
†Palmoxylon surangei Lakhanpal 1956
†Palmoxylon trabeculosum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon umariensis Rode 1935
†Palmoxylon wadiae Sahni 1931
Invalid names: Palmoxylon ambabgholiense Gayakward and Patil 1987 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon hyphaeneoides Rao and Shete 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon intertrappeansis Patil and Gayakwad 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lacunata Gayakwad and Patil 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lacunosum Trivedi et al. 1975 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lelei Sampath and Varadpande 1982 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mahurzari Barlinge and Paradkar 1975 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mohgaonensis Trivedi and Surange 1970 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mulatiensis Gayakwad and Patil 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon rambhakheriense Patil and Gayakwad 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon takliense Kapgate and Sheikh 1982 [nomen nudum]
G. †Phoenicites Brongniart 1828
+
†Phoenicites occidentalis Berry 1914
†Phoenicites pumila Brongniart 1828
G. †Racemonocolpites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Racemonocolpites facilis González-Guzmán 1967
†Racemonocolpites gombeensis Beilstein 1994
†Racemonocolpites hians Muller 1968
†Racemonocolpites racematus Van der Hammen 1954
†Racemonocolpites romanus González-Guzmán 1967
G. †Rhizopalmoxylon Felix 1883
+
†Rhizopalmoxylon penchiensis Rode 1934
†Rhizopalmoxylon sundaram Mahabale 1973
Invalid names: Rhizopalmoxylon phonixoides Patil and Kulkarni 1978 [nomen nudum]
G. Sabal Adanson 1763
+
†Sabal bigbendense Manchester et al. 2010
†Sabal bracknellense Mai 1976
†Sabal eocenica Lesquereux 1872
+
Invalid names: Flabellaria communis Lesquereux 1874 [synonym], Sabal inquirenda Knowlton 1918 [synonym]
†Sabal goldiana Lesquereux 1872
†Sabal grandifolia Newberry 1898
†Sabal grandisperma Reid and Chandler 1933
†Sabal grayana Lesquereux 1869
†Sabal imperialis Dawson 1882
†Sabal leei Knowlton 1918
†Sabal major Unger 1963
†Sabal miocenica Axelrod 1939
†Sabal montana Knowlton 1918
Sabal palmetto Walter 1788
†Sabal powellii Newberry 1882
†Sabal rigida Hatcher 1901
†Sabal rugosa Knowlton 1918
†Sabal ungeri Lesquereux 1878
G. †Spinizonocolpites Muller 1968
+
†Spinizonocolpites baculatus Muller 1968
†Spinizonocolpites breviechinatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Spinizonocolpites coloniensis De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Spinizonocolpites complex Frederiksen 1994
†Spinizonocolpites echinatus Muller 1968
†Spinizonocolpites grandis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Spinizonocolpites hialinus Archangelsky and Zamaloa 1986
†Spinizonocolpites kostinensis Awad 1994
†Spinizonocolpites pachyexinatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Spinizonocolpites riochiquensis Vallati et al. 2020
†Spinizonocolpites variabilis De Benedetti et al. 2023
Invalid names: Arecoideae [empty], Borassoideae [objective synonym], Cocosocarpon Sheikh and Kolhe 1985 [nomen nudum], Cocosoideae [objective synonym], Krempocarpon Chitaley and Kate 1974 [nomen nudum], Lepidocaryoideae [objective synonym], Palmae de Jussieu [synonym], Phoenicoideae [objective synonym]
Or. Arecales Bromhead 1840
+
G. †Clavamonocolpites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Clavamonocolpites polygonalis Askin 1994
†Clavamonocolpites terrificus González-Guzmán 1967
Invalid names: Dasypogonaceae Dumortier 1829 [empty]
Or. Asparagales Link 1829
+
Fm. Asphodelaceae Jussieu 1789
+
G. Asphodelus Linnaeus 1753
Invalid names: Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumortier 1829 [synonym]
Fm. †Iridaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Iris Linnaeus 1753
+
Iris aphylla Linnaeus 1753
Iris biflora Linnaeus 1753
Iris foetidissima Linnaeus 1753
Iris germanica Linnaeus 1753
Iris graminea Linnaeus 1753
Iris persica Linnaeus 1753
Iris pseudacorus Linnaeus 1753
Iris pumila Linnaeus 1753
Iris sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Iris sisyrinchium Linnaeus 1753
Iris spuria Linnaeus 1753
Iris susiana Linnaeus 1753
Iris tuberosa Linnaeus 1753
Iris variegata Linnaeus 1753
Iris verna Linnaeus 1753
Iris versicolor Linnaeus 1753
Iris virginica Linnaeus 1753
Iris xiphium Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Orchidaceae de Jussieu 1789 [orchid]
+
Invalid names: Agapanthaceae [empty], Alliaceae Borkhausen [empty], Amaryllidaceae Saint-Hilaire [empty], Anthericaceae Agardh [empty], Aphyllanthaceae Burnett [empty], Asparagaceae de Jussieu [empty], Blandfordiaceae Dahlgren and Clifford 1985 [empty], Boryaceae Chase et al. 1997 [empty], Cyanastraceae Engler [empty], Doryanthaceae Dahlgren and Clifford 1985 [empty], Eriospermaceae Endlicher [empty], Hemerocallidaceae Brown [empty], Hyacinthaceae Borkhausen [empty], Hypoxidaceae Brown 1814 [empty], Ixioliriaceae Nakai 1943 [empty], Lanariaceae Dahlgren and van Wyk 1988 [empty], Luzuriagaceae Lotsy [empty], Phormiaceae Agardh [empty], Tecophilaeaceae Leybold 1862 [empty], Trilliaceae Chevallier [empty], Xeronemataceae Chase et al. 2000 [empty]
Or. †Commelinales Mirbel 1820
+
G. Philydrum Banks et al. 1788
Invalid names: Haemodoraceae Brown 1810 [empty], Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Philydraceae Link 1821 [empty]
Or. Dioscoreales Brown 1835
+
Fm. Dioscoreaceae Brown 1810
+
G. Dioscorea Linnaeus 1753 [yam]
+
†Dioscorea cretacea Lesquereux 1874
†Dioscorea wilkinii Pan et al. 2014
Invalid names: Lasiophyton Uline 1897 [empty]
G. †Dioscoreophyllum Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
+
†Dioscoreophyllum liblarense Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
Invalid names: Burmanniaceae von Blume 1827 [empty], Nartheciaceae Fries 1846 [empty]
Fm. Liliaceae Jussieu 1789
+
G. Aletris Linnaeus 1753 [colicroot]
G. Gloriosa Linnaeus 1753 [flame lily]
G. †Liliacidites Couper 1953
+
†Liliacidites aviemorensis McIntyre 1968
†Liliacidites baculatus Venkatachala and Kar 1969
†Liliacidites buitrensis De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Liliacidites circularis Dutta and Sah 1970
†Liliacidites contortus Conran et al. 2014
†Liliacidites crassatus Singh 1971
†Liliacidites crassibaculatus Freile 1972
†Liliacidites crassilabratus Freile 1972
†Liliacidites ellipticus Venkatachala and Kar 1969
†Liliacidites hungaricus Junasz and Goczan 1985
†Liliacidites inequalis Singh 1971
†Liliacidites intermedius Couper 1953
†Liliacidites kaitangataensis Couper 1953
†Liliacidites lacunosus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Liliacidites lanceolatus Stover 1973
†Liliacidites lenticularis Singh 1983
†Liliacidites microreticulatus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Liliacidites minireticulatus Mathur and Mathur 1969
†Liliacidites nigeriensis Salami 1985
†Liliacidites peroreticulatus Singh 1971
†Liliacidites regularis Archangelsky 1973
†Liliacidites reticulatus Doyle 1975
†Liliacidites textus Singh 1983
†Liliacidites variegatus Couper 1953
†Liliacidites vermireticulatus Archangelsky and Zamaloa 1986
G. †Majanthemophyllum Weber 1851
+
†Majanthemophyllum grandifolium Penhallow 1902
†Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer 1883
Or. Liliales Perleb 1826
+
Fm. †Alstroemeriaceae Dumortier 1829
+
Fm. †Convallariaceae Horaninow
+
G. Rhipogonum Forster and Forster 1775
Fm. Ripogonaceae Conran and Clifford 1985
+
G. Ripogonum Forster and Forster 1776
+
†Ripogonum americanum Carpenter et al. 2014
†Ripogonum tasmanicum Conran et al. 2009
Fm. Smilacaceae Ventenat 1799 [greenbrier]
+
G. †Smilacites Brongniart 1828
+
†Smilacites hastata Brongniart 1828
†Smilacites mohgaoensis Nambudiri 1966
G. Smilax Linnaeus 1753
+
†Smilax carbonensis Cockerell 1914
†Smilax coloradensis Knowlton 1917
†Smilax cyclophylla Newberry 1863
†Smilax franklini Heer 1868
†Smilax grandifoliacretacea Lesquereux 1891
†Smilax labidurommae Cockerell 1914
†Smilax lamarensis Knowlton 1899
†Smilax obtusangula Heer 1859
†Smilax pristina Ettinghausen and Gardner 1879
Smilax undulata Pohl 1878
†Smilax wardii Lesquereux 1888
Invalid names: Smilacites Brongniart 1828 [valid], Smilax Linnaeus 1753 [valid]
Invalid names: Calochortaceae Dumortier [empty], Campynemataceae Dumortier 1829 [empty], Colchicaceae de Candolle 1804 [empty], Corsiaceae Beccari 1878 [empty], Melanthiaceae Borkhausen 1797 [empty], Petermanniaceae Hutch. 1934 [empty], Philesiaceae Dumortier 1829 [empty], Smilacaceae Ventenat 1799 [empty]
Or. Pandanales Brown 1820
+
Fm. Cyclanthaceae Richard 1824
+
G. Freycinetia Gaudichaud 1824
Fm. Pandanaceae Brown 1810
+
Fm. †Triuridaceae Gardner 1843
+
Invalid names: Stemonaceae Caruel 1878 [empty], Velloziaceae Endlicher 1858 [empty]
Or. Poales Small 1903
+
Fm. †Bromeliaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
Invalid names: Andreaeaites Kapgate and Sheikh 1986 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Cyperaceae Jussieu 1789 [sedge]
+
G. Carex Linnaeus 1753
+
Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg 1803
†Carex berthoudi Lesquereux 1872
†Carex burrardiana Penhallow 1895
†Carex clarkii Berry 1905
Carex magellanica Lamarck 1792
†Carex servata Heer 1869
Carex utriculata Boott 1839
†Carex vancouverensis Penhallow 1895
G. †Cyperacites Schimper 1870
+
†Cyperacites angustior Schimper 1870
†Cyperacites borealis Heer 1868
†Cyperacites canaliculatus Heer 1855
†Cyperacites dubius Heer 1855
†Cyperacites giganteus Knowlton 1899
†Cyperacites haydenii Lesquereux 1883
†Cyperacites paucinervis Heer 1855
†Cyperacites potomacensis Berry 1911
†Cyperacites richardsii Thomasson 1976
Invalid names: Cyperites Heer 1855 [synonym]
G. Cyperus Linnaeus 1753 [sedge]
+
Cyperus articulatus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus arundinacea Linnaeus 1753
†Cyperus braunianus Heer 1855
†Cyperus chavannesi Heer 1855
Cyperus compressus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus elegans Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus 1753
†Cyperus filiferus Cockerell 1923
+
Invalid names: Carpolithus filiferus Cockerell 1923 [synonym], Eopuntia douglassi Chaney 1944 [synonym]
Cyperus flavescens Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus fuscus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus haspan Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus iria Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus longus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus minimus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus papyrus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus strigosus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus unioloides Brown 1810
G. Eleocharis Brown 1810
G. †Gahnia Forster and Forster 1775
G. Machaerina Vahl 1805
G. Schoenoplectus Reichenbach 1888
G. †Scirpitis Dusén 1908
G. Scirpus Linnaeus 1753
+
Scirpus acicularis Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus articulatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus capillaris Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus capitatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus cespitosus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus dichotomus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus echinatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus ferrugineus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus fluitans Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus geniculatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus glomeratus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus holoschoenus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus 1753
†Scirpus lakensis Chandler 1960
Scirpus lithospermus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus michelianus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus mucronatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus palustris Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus retrofractus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus romanus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus setacea Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus spadicens Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus supinus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus sylvaticus Linnaeus 1753
Invalid names: Scirpoideae [empty], Scirpusoxylon Shete 1986 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Eriocaulaceae Desvaux 1820
+
G. Eriocaulon Linnaeus 1753 [pipewort]
+
Eriocaulon decangulare Linnaeus 1753
†Eriocaulon porosum Lesquereux 1873
Eriocaulon quinquangulare Linnaeus 1753
Eriocaulon setaceum Linnaeus 1753
Eriocaulon sexangulare Linnaeus 1753
Fm. †Flagellariaceae Dumortier 1829
+
Fm. Poaceae Barnhart 1895 [grass]
+
Subfm. Bambusoideae Luerssen 1893 [bamboo]
+
G. †Bambusiculmus Wang and Zhou 2013
G. †Bambusium Unger 1845
G. Dendrocalamus Nees 1835
G. †Graminidites Potonie 1960
G. †Culmites Bronignart 1822
+
†Culmites anomalus Bronignart 1822
†Culmites cutchensis Sahni 1964
†Culmites deccanensis Paradkar 1975
†Culmites eleusineoides Bonde 1986
G. Elymus Linnaeus 1753 [wheatgrass]
+
Elymus arenarius Linnaeus 1753
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Elymus caputmedusae Linnaeus 1753
†Elymus deccanensis Patil and Singh 1984
Elymus sibiricus Linnaeus 1753
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus 1753
G. Lygeum Linnaeus 1754
G. †Monoporopollenites Meyer 1956
+
†Monoporopollenites annulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Monoporopollenites gramineoides Meyer 1956
†Monoporopollenites minimus Potonié and Sah 1960
Invalid names: Cerealia [empty], Gramineae de Jussieu [synonym], Palaeozea Bajpai 1987 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Restionaceae Brown 1810
+
G. †Milfordia Erdtman 1960
+
†Milfordia argentina Barreda 1997
†Milfordia homeopunctata Partridge 1973
†Milfordia incierta Krutzsch 1961
Invalid names: Anarthriaceae Cutler and Airy Shaw 1965 [synonym], Centrolepidaceae Endlicher 1836 [synonym]
Fm. Typhaceae Jussieu 1789
+
G. †Sparganiaceaepollenites Thiergart 1937
+
†Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis Harris 1972
†Sparganiaceaepollenites delicata Mautino and Anzótegui 2002
†Sparganiaceaepollenites hospahensis Jameossanaie 1987
†Sparganiaceaepollenites polygonalis Thiergart 1937
†Sparganiaceaepollenites uniformis Christopher and Prowell 2002
G. Typha Linnaeus 1753 [bulrush]
+
Typha angustata Bory de Saint-Vincent and Chaubard 1832
Typha latifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Typha lesquereuxi Cockerell 1908
Fm. Xyridaceae Agardh 1823 [yellow-eyed grass]
+
Invalid names: Ecdeiocoleaceae Cutler and Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Joinvilleaceae Smith and Tomlinson 1970 [empty], Mayacaceae Kunth 1842 [empty], Rapateaceae Dumortier 1829 [empty], Thurniaceae Engler 1907 [empty]
Or. Zingiberales
+
Fm. †Cannaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Canna Linnaeus 1753
+
Canna angustifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Canna eocenica Berry 1916
Canna glauca Linnaeus 1753
Canna indica Linnaeus 1753
†Canna magnifolia Knowlton 1917
G. Ensete Bruce 1862
+
†Ensete goldianum Lesquereux 1878
†Ensete oregonense Manchester and Kress 1993
Fm. Marantaceae Brown 1814 [arrowroot]
+
G. Alpinia Linnaeus 1753 [Shell ginger]
+
Alpinia racemosa Linnaeus 1753
†Alpinia siwalica Prasad et al. 2004
G. Clinogyne Salisbury
G. Donax Loureiro 1790
+
†Donax kasauliensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008
†Donax ovatus Awasthi and Prasad 1990
G. Phrynium Willdenow 1797
Fm. †Musaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Heliconia Linnaeus 1771 [lobster-claw]
G. †Musophyllum Göppert 1854
+
†Musophyllum complicatum Lesquereux 1874
†Musophyllum indicum Prakash et al. 1979
†Musophyllum truncatum Goeppert 1854
Invalid names: Musostrobocaulon Varadpande 1985 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Zingiberaceae Martinov 1820
+
G. †Amomocarpum Brongniart 1828
+
†Amomocarpum affine Sahni 1938
†Amomocarpum depressum Brongniart 1828
†Amomocarpum sulcatum Sahni 1934
G. Amomum Linnaeus 1758 [cardamom]
+
Amomum cardamom Linnaeus 1753
Amomum granaparadisi Linnaeus 1753
Amomum zerumbet Linnaeus 1753
Amomum zingiber Linnaeus 1753
G. †Zingiberites Heer 1859
+
†Zingiberites dubius Lesquereux 1878
†Zingiberites multinervis Heer 1859
G. †Zingiberoideophyllum Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
+
†Zingiberoideophyllum liblarense Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
Invalid names: Costaceae Nakai 1941 [empty], Heliconiaceae Vines 1895 [empty], Lowiaceae Ridley 1924 [empty], Strelitziaceae Hutch. 1934 [empty]
Invalid names: Commelinids [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Pennsylvanian to the top of the Holocene or 315.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.0 Ma
Collections (3158 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bashkirian - Gzhelian | USA (Illinois) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (23563 23577 23707) | |
| Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (Missouri) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (127215) | |
| Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (Illinois) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (127303) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (Ohio) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (126960 126961) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (Indiana) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (127209) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (Illinois) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (127217) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian | USA (Illinois) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (126968) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian | USA (Oklahoma) | Tuberculatosporites robustus (127156) | |
| Capitanian | USA (Oklahoma) | Tuberculatosporites sp. (24882) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation | Kchonomakidium sp. 1 (30545) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation | Kchonomakidium sp. 1 (30465 30466 30471 30481 30482 30488 30490 30559) | |
| Carnian | USA (Virginia) | Sanmiguelia sp. (24112) | |
| Carnian | Iran | Grossularia lacusterroris (37045) | |
| Carnian - Norian | USA (Texas) | Sanmiguelia sp. (84270) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Antarctica | Tuberculatosporites aberdarensis (31342) | |
| Middle Jurassic - Late/Upper Cenomanian | Egypt (Western Desert) | Tricolpites sp. (139303) | |
| Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | France | Palaeospadix furcatus, Palaeospadix spathaeformis (24514) | |
| Neocomian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Arecaceae indet. (137862) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | USA (Georgia) | Malapoenna horrenellensis, Phragmites pratti (212691) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | USA (South Dakota) | Platanus cissoides, Viburnites Evansanus, Sassafras Mudgii (34868) | |