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Asterids

Angiospermae

Taxonomy
Asterids was named by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). It is extant.

It was assigned to Superasterids by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).

Subtaxa
Cornales, Euasterids, Metteniusales, Vahliales
Sister taxa
Euasterids

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2016Asterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
RankNameAuthor
—CoreeudicotsThe Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
—Superasterids
—Asterids
—Asterids

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Asterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
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Or. Cornales Link 1829
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Fm. †Alangiaceae de Candolle
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G. †Alangioxylon Awasthi 1969
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†Alangioxylon scalariforme Awasthi 1969
G. Alangium Lamarck 1783
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†Alangium jenkinsi Chandler 1961
†Alangium nepalensis Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
Invalid names: Marlea Roxburgh 1820 [synonym]
Fm. †Cornaceae Dumortier 1825
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G. †Alangiophyllum Potbury 1935
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G. †Cornophyllum Newberry 1895
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†Cornophyllum obtusatum Berry 1919
†Cornophyllum vetustum Newberry 1895
G. Cornus Linnaeus 1753 [dogwood]
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Cornus acuminata Weber 1852
†Cornus cecilensis Berry 1911
†Cornus emmonsii Ward 1885
†Cornus ettingshausenii Gardner 1883
†Cornus ferox Unger 1850
†Cornus forchhammeri Heer 1882
†Cornus fosteri Ward 1885
Cornus glabrata Bentham 1844
†Cornus glandulosa Chandler 1926
†Cornus holmesii Lesquereux 1873
†Cornus hyperborea Heer 1871
†Cornus impressa Lesquereux 1873
†Cornus incompletus Lesquereux 1868
†Cornus kelloggii Lesquereux 1878
†Cornus krassilovii Manchester et al. 2009
Cornus macrophylla Wallich 1820
†Cornus multilocularis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Cornus nebrascensis Schimper 1874
†Cornus neomexicana Knowlton 1917
†Cornus obesus Dawson 1893
†Cornus orbifera Heer 1853
†Cornus ovalis Lesquereux 1878
†Cornus praecox Lesquereux 1891
†Cornus quadrilocularis Chandler 1962
†Cornus rhamnifolia Weber 1852
Cornus sanguinea Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus studeri Heer 1859
†Cornus suborbifera Lesquereux 1878
†Cornus swingii Manchester et al. 2009
†Cornus tsuyazakiensis Suzuki 1982
†Cornus wrightii Knowlton 1899
G. Dendrobenthamia Hutchinson 1942
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G. †Diplomastixia Kirchheimer 1934
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†Diplomastixia carinata Kirchheimer 1934
G. Dunstania Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Dunstania lakensis Chandler 1962
G. †Eomastixia Chandler 1926
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†Eomastixia bilocularis Chandler 1926
†Eomastixia rugosa Zenker 1833
†Eomastixia rugosus Zenker 1833
†Eomastixia urceolata Chandler 1962
G. †Ganitrocera Kirchheimer 1934
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†Ganitrocera holzapfeli Kirchheimer 1934
G. †Hartzia Nikitin 1965
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†Hartzia rosenkjari Hartz 1965
G. †Lanfrancia Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Lanfrancia subglobosa Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Langtonia Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Langtonia bisulcata Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Mastixicarpum Chandler 1926
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†Mastixicarpum crassum Chandler 1926
G. †Mastixioidiocarpum Scott 1954
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G. †Muzquizoxylon Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
G. †Nyssidium Heer 1870
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†Nyssidium ekmani Heer 1870
G. †Platymastixia Kirchheimer 1934
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†Platymastixia cacaoides Zenker 1934
G. †Plexiplica Kirchheimer 1935
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†Plexiplica reidi Kirchheimer 1935
G. †Portnallia Chandler 1961
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†Portnallia bognorensis Chandler 1961
†Portnallia sheppeyensis Chandler 1961
G. †Retinomastixia Kirchheimer 1938
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†Retinomastixia schultei Kirchheimer 1938
G. †Tectocarya Kirchheimer 1934
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†Tectocarya lusatica Kirchheimer 1934
G. †Xylomastixia Kirchheimer 1938
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†Xylomastixia lusatica Kirchheimer 1938
Invalid names: Cornaceophyllum Karanjekar 1985 [nomen nudum], Cornoideae [empty], Mastixioideae [empty]
Fm. †Hydrangeaceae Dumortier 1829
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G. †Carpenterianthus Borsuk 1935
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G. Camptotheca Decaisne 1873
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†Camptotheca kyushuensis Suzuki 1975
G. †Davidoidea Johnson 1937
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†Davidoidea hebridica Johnson 1937
G. †Lucknowia Thiergart and Frantz 1963
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†Lucknowia sahnii Thiergart and Frantz 1963
G. Nyssa Linnaeus 1753 [tupelo]
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†Nyssa acuticostata Perkins 1906
Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus 1753
†Nyssa aquaticaformis Berry 1916
†Nyssa arctica Heer 1869
†Nyssa ascoidea Perkins 1904
Nyssa biflora Walter 1788
†Nyssa buddiana Ward 1885
†Nyssa californica MacGinitie 1941
†Nyssa clarkii Perkins 1904
†Nyssa complanata Lesquereux 1861
†Nyssa cooperi Chandler 1961
†Nyssa crassicostata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa cuneata Newberry 1863
†Nyssa curta Perkins 1904
†Nyssa cylindrica Perkins 1904
†Nyssa denveriana Knowlton 1919
†Nyssa disseminata Kirchheimer 1937
†Nyssa elongata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa eolignitica Berry 1916
†Nyssa equicostata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa europaea Unger 1845
†Nyssa excavata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa gracilis Berry 1909
†Nyssa jonesii Perkins 1904
†Nyssa laevigata Lesquereux 1861
†Nyssa lamellosa Perkins 1904
†Nyssa lanceolata Lesquereux 1872
†Nyssa lescurii Hitchcock 1862
†Nyssa microcarpa Lesquereux 1861
†Nyssa multicostata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa ovalis Perkins 1906
†Nyssa ovata Perkins 1904
†Nyssa racemosa Knowlton 1898
†Nyssa snowiana Lesquereux 1891
†Nyssa solea Perkins 1904
Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1785
Nyssa uniflora Walter 1788
†Nyssa vetusta Newberry 1868
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Invalid names: Magnolia obovata Newberry 1868 [synonym]
†Nyssa wilcoxiana Berry 1916
G. †Nyssites Geyler 1887
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†Nyssites obovatus Weber 1851
G. †Nyssoidea Chandler 1962
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†Nyssoidea eocenica Chandler 1962
G. †Nyssoxylon Maedel 1959
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†Nyssoxylon japonicum Maedel 1959
G. †Palaeonyssa Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Palaeonyssa multilocularis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Paleodavidia Miki 1956
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G. †Protonyssa Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Protonyssa bilocularis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Pseudonyssa Kinkelin 1900
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†Pseudonyssa palmiformis Kinkelin 1900
Invalid names: Davidiaceae [synonym]
Invalid names: Curtisiaceae Takhtajan 1987 [empty], Grubbiaceae Endlicher 1841 [empty], Hydrostachyaceae Engler 1894 [empty], Loasaceae de Candolle 1804 [empty]
Unr. Euasterids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
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Or. Apiales Nakai 1930
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Fm. Apiaceae Lindley 1836
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G. Bupleurum Linnaeus 1753
G. Dichosciadium Domin 1908
G. Oreomyrrhis Endlicher 1839
G. Sanicula Linnaeus 1753 [sanicle]
Invalid names: Umbelliferae de Jussieu [synonym]
Fm. Araliaceae Jussieu 1789
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G. Aralia Linnaeus 1753 [spikenard]
G. †Araliacites Saporta 1865
G. †Araliaecarpum Menzel 1913
G. †Araliaephyllum Fontaine 1889
G. †Aralianthea Massalongo 1893
G. †Aralinium Platen 1908
G. †Chondrophyllum Necker 1790
G. †Cussoniphyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. Hedera Linnaeus 1753 [ivy]
G. Heteropanax Seemann 1866
G. †Humboldtia Thiergart and Frantz 1963
G. Kalopanax Miquel 1863
G. Mackinlaya Mueller 1864
G. Oreopanax Decaisne and Planchon 1854
G. †Paleoaraliaceaepites Biswas 1962
G. Panax Linnaeus 1753 [ginseng]
G. Polyscias Forster and Forster 1775
G. Schefflera Forster and Forster 1775
G. †Hederaephyllum Fontaine 1889
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†Hederaephyllum crenulatum Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Hederaephyllum dentatum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Hederophyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. Hydrocotyle Linnaeus 1753 [water pennywort]
G. †Hydrocotylophyllum Teixeira 1947
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G. Oenanthe Linnaeus
Fm. †Pittosporaceae Brown 1814
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G. †Billardierites Caspary 1882
G. Bursaria Cavanilles 1797
G. Pittosporum Banks 1788 [cheesewood]
Invalid names: Griseliniaceae Forster and Forster 1839 [empty], Myodocarpaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Pennantiaceae Agardh 1858 [empty], Torricelliaceae Hu 1934 [empty]
Or. Aquifoliales Senft 1856
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Fm. †Aquifoliaceae Richard 1820
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G. Ilex Linnaeus 1753 [holly]
G. †Ilexpollenites Thiergart 1937
G. Irvingbaileya Howard 1943
Fm. Stemonuraceae Karehed 2001
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G. Gomphandra Wallich 1836
Invalid names: Cardiopteridaceae von Blume 1847 [empty], Helwingiaceae Decne. 1836 [empty], Phyllonomaceae Small 1905 [empty]
Or. Asterales Link 1829
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G. Argophyllum Forster and Forster 1775
Fm. Asteraceae Berchtold and Presl 1820 [daisy]
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G. Anaphalis de Candolle 1837 [pearly everlasting]
G. Anthemis Linnaeus 1753
G. Artemisia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Asteracarpus Anzótegui and Herbst 2004
G. Blumea de Candolle 1833
G. Cassinia Brown 1817
G. Centaurea Linnaeus 1753
G. Centratherum de Cassini 1817
G. Cirsium Miller 1758 [thistle]
G. Cnicus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Compositoipollenites Potonié 1960
G. Crepis Linnaeus 1753 [hawksbeard]
G. Dicoma de Cassini 1817
G. †Echitricolporites Hammen 1956
G. Emilia de Cassini 1817 [tasselflower]
G. Fenestrites Klaus 1953
G. †Hieracites Saporta 1861
G. Inula Linnaeus 1753
G. †Raiguenrayun Barreda et al. 2012
G. Senecio Linnaeus 1753 [ragwort]
G. Sonchus Linnaeus 1753 [sowthistle]
G. Taraxacum Wiggers 1780 [dandelion]
G. †Tubulifloridites Potonie 1960
G. Vernonia Schreber 1791 [ironweed]
G. Xanthium Linnaeus 1753 [cocklebur]
Invalid names: Cichorioideae Chevallier 1826 [empty], Compositae Giseke 1792 [synonym], Tubuliflorae [synonym]
Fm. †Campanulaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Campanula Linnaeus 1753 [bellflower]
Fm. †Goodeniaceae Brown 1810
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G. †Poluspissusites Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
Fm. †Menyanthaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1829
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G. Liparophyllum Hooker 1847
G. Menyanthes Linnaeus 1753 [bogbean]
G. Villarsia Ventenat 1803
Fm. †Stylidiaceae Brown 1810
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G. Donatia Forster and Forster 1775
G. Stylidium Swartz 1805
Invalid names: Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Argophyllaceae Takhtajan 1987 [empty], Calyceraceae Richard 1820 [empty], Donatiaceae Chandler [empty], Pentaphragmataceae Agardh 1858 [empty], Phellinaceae Takhtajan 1967 [empty], Rousseaceae de Candolle 1839 [empty]
Or. Bruniales Dumortier 1829
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Invalid names: Bruniaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1825 [empty], Columelliaceae Don 1828 [empty]
Or. Dipsacales Berchtold and Presl 1820
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Fm. Adoxaceae Meyer 1839 [moschatel]
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G. Sambucus Linnaeus 1753 [elder]
Invalid names: Viburnaceae Raf [synonym]
Fm. Caprifoliaceae de Jussieu 1789 [honeysuckle]
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G. Abelia Brown 1818
G. Leycesteria Wallich 1824
G. Lonicera Linnaeus 1753 [honeysuckle]
G. †Patrinia Jussieu 1807
G. †Viburniphyllum Nathorst 1886
G. †Viburnites Lesquereux 1892
G. Viburnum Linnaeus 1753
G. †Weigela Thunberg 1780
Fm. †Dipsacaceae de Jussieu
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G. Dipsacus Linnaeus 1753 [teasel]
Fm. Valerianaceae Batsch 1802
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G. Valeriana Linnaeus 1753 [valerian]
Invalid names: Morinaceae Rafinesque-Schmaltz [empty]
Or. Escalloniales Brown 1835
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Fm. Escalloniaceae Brown 1829
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G. Anopterus Labillardière 1805
G. Geissois Labillardière 1845
G. Polyosma Blume 1826
G. Quintinia Candolle 1830
Or. Paracryphiales Takhtajan 1992
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Fm. †Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw 1965
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G. Sphenostemon Baillon 1875
Invalid names: Quintiniaceae [empty]
Unr. Lamiids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
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Or. Boraginales Berchtold and Presl 1820
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Fm. Boraginaceae de Jussieu 1789 [borage]
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G. Arnebia Forsskål 1775
G. †Biorbia Elias 1932
G. †Boraginocarpus Mathur 1974
G. †Borraginites Heer 1859
G. †Calvarinus Reid and Reid 1910
G. Cordia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Cordioxylon Awasthi 1984
G. †Davisella Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Ehretia Linnaeus
G. †Ehretiaecarpum Menzel 1913
G. Heliotropium Linnaeus 1753 [heliotrope]
G. †Lithospermites Berry 1929
G. †Myoporiphyllum Ettinghausen 1891
G. †Prolithospermum Elias 1942
G. Sericostoma Stocks
G. Trichodesma Brown
Invalid names: Codonaceae Weigend and Hilger [synonym], Ehretioideae [empty]
Fm. Heliotropiaceae Schrader 1819
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G. Tournefortia Linnaeus 1753
Or. Garryales Lindley 1835
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Fm. †Eucommiaceae Engler 1907
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G. Eucommia Oliver 1890
Invalid names: Garryaceae Lindley 1834 [empty]
Or. Gentianales Berchtold and Presl 1820
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Fm. Apocynaceae de Jussieu 1789 [dogbane]
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G. Alstonia Brown 1810
G. †Alyxia Banks and Brown 1810
G. †Apocynocarpum Ettingshausen 1886
G. †Apocynophyllum Unger 1850
G. †Apocynospermum Reid and Chandler 1926
G. †Aspidospermoxylon Kruse 1954
G. Carissa Linnaeus 1767
G. Chonemorpha Don 1837
G. †Cricotriporites Leidelmeyer 1966
G. †Cypselites Heer 1859
G. †Echitonium Unger 1839
G. †Fezzania Boureau 1956
G. Hemidesmus Brown 1810
G. Landolphia de Beauvois
G. †Leakeyia Chesters 1957
G. †Lyonsiaephyllum Deane 1907
G. †Neritinium Unger 1850
G. †Nerium Linnaeus
G. †Ochrosella Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Ochrosoidea Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Rauvolfia Linnaeus
G. †Tabernaemontana Linnaeus
G. †Tabernaemontanophyllum Geyler 1887
G. Wrightia Brown 1810
Invalid names: Apocynaceoxylon Chitaley et al. 1970 [nomen nudum], Asclepiadaceae Borkhausen [synonym], Plumieroideae Schumann [empty]
Fm. †Gelsemiaceae Struwe and Albert 1995
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Invalid names: Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt [synonym]
Fm. Gentianaceae de Jussieu 1789 [gentian]
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G. Fagraea Thunberg 1782
G. Gentiana Linnaeus 1753
G. †Gentianaceaeformis Biswas 1962
G. Nymphoides Séguier 1754
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Invalid names: Limnanthemum Gmelin 1769 [synonym]
G. †Voyrioseminites Trivedi and Chaturvedi 1972
G. †Jenkinsella Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Jenkinsella apocynoides Reid and Chandler 1933
Fm. †Loganiaceae Martinov 1827
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G. †Gaertnera Lamarck 1792
G. Strychnos Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Rubiaceae Jussieu 1789 [coffee]
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G. Anthocephalus Richard 1830
G. Asperula Linnaeus 1753 [woodruff]
G. †Canthidium Unger 1850
G. Canthium Lamarck 1783
G. Cephalanthus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Cinchonidium Unger 1850
G. Coprosma Forster and Forster 1775
G. Diplospora de Candolle 1830
G. Exostema Richard 1808
G. Galium Linnaeus 1753 [bedstraw]
G. Gardenia Ellis 1761
G. †Grumileophyllum Geyler 1887
G. Guettarda Linnaeus 1753 [velvetseed]
G. Hamiltonia Roxburgh 1806
G. Hodgkinsonia Mueller 1861
G. Hoffmannia Swartz 1788
G. Ixora Linnaeus 1753 [West Indian jasmine]
G. †Ixorophyllum Geyler 1887
G. Mitragyna Korthals
G. †Mitragynaxylon Koeniguer and Lemoigne 1973
G. Morinda Linnaeus
G. Mussaenda Linnaeus 1753
G. Mussaendopsis Baillon 1879
G. Nauclea Linnaeus 1762
G. Neanotis Lewis 1966
G. Nertera Banks et al. 1788
G. Oldenlandia Linnaeus 1753
G. Ophiorrhiza Linnaeus
G. †Palaeocoprosmadites Ramanujam 1966
G. †Paleorubiaceaepites Biswas 1962
G. Pavetta Linnaeus 1753 [bride's bush]
G. Psychotria Linnaeus 1753
G. †Psychotriphyllum Deane 1902
G. Randia Linnaeus 1753 [indigoberry]
G. Rubia Linnaeus 1753 [madder]
G. †Rubiaceaecarpum Menzel 1913
G. †Rubiaceocarpum Kraeusel 1939
G. †Rubioides Perkins 1904
G. †Rubioxylon Hofmann 1952
G. Spermacoce Linnaeus 1753 [false buttonweed]
G. †Valerianellites Saporta 1862
G. Wendlandia Bartling 1830
Invalid names: Geniostomaceae Struwe and Albert [empty], Strychnaceae Perleb [empty]
Or. Icacinales Tiegh
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Fm. Icacinaceae Miers 1851 [white pear]
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G. Apodytes Meyer and Arnott 1840
G. †Calatoloides Berry 1922
G. †Gomphandroxylon Bande and Khatri 1980
G. †Icacinicarya Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Iodes Blume 1825
G. Mappia von Jacquin 1797
G. Natsiatum Buchanan-Hamilton 1834
G. †Onoana Chandler and Axelrod 1961
G. †Palaeohosiea Kvacek and Buzek 1995
G. †Palaeophytocrene Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Phytocrene Wallich 1831
G. Pyrenacantha Hooker 1830
G. †Sphaeriodes Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Stizocarya Reid and Chandler 1933
Invalid names: Phytocreneae Engler [empty]
Invalid names: Oncothecaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty]
Or. Lamiales Bromhead 1838
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Fm. Acanthaceae de Jussieu 1789 [acanthus]
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G. Acanthus Linnaeus 1753
G. Adhatoda Ness
G. Aphelandra Brown 1810
G. Asyslassa Blume
G. Blepharis de Jussieu 1789
G. Bravaisia Candolle 1838
G. Dicliptera Jussieu 1807
G. Eranthemum Linnaeus 1753
G. Hygrophila Brown 1810 [swampweed]
G. Hypoestes Brown 1810
G. Justicia Linnaeus 1753 [water-willow]
G. Lepidagathis Willdenow 1800
G. Peristrophe Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Phlogacanthus Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Rungia Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Strobilanthes Blume 1826
Invalid names: Acanthaceoxylon Chitaley and Patil 1970 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Bignoniaceae de Jussieu 1789 [trumpet vine]
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G. †Bignoniaceaespermum Straus 1969
G. †Bignoniaecarpum Andreanszky 1955
G. †Bignonicapsula Berry 1930
G. †Bignoniophyllum Ettingshausen 1870
G. †Bignoniphyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. †Bignonites Saporta 1861
G. †Bignonoides Berry 1923
G. †Capsulocarpus Berry 1939
G. Catalpa Scopoli 1777
G. †Darmstadtia Collinson et al. 2012
G. †Dipterospermum Goeppert 1851
G. †Heterophragmoxylon Shete and Kulkarni 1982
G. Markhamia Seemann
G. Parnassia Linnaeus 1753 [grass of Parnassus]
G. Tecoma Jussieu 1789 [trumpetbush]
G. Tecomella Seemann 1862
Fm. Lamiaceae Martinov 1820 [mint]
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G. Leucas Brown 1810
G. Ocimum Linnaeus 1753 [basil]
Invalid names: Labiatae de Jussieu [synonym]
Fm. †Lentibulariaceae Richard 1808
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G. Utricularia Linnaeus 1753 [bladderwort]
G. Micranthemum Michaux 1803
Fm. Oleaceae Hoffmannsegg and Link 1809
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G. Anacolosa Blume 1851
G. Chionanthus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Elaioides Unger 1850
G. Forestiera Poiret 1810
G. †Fraxinoxylon Hofmann 1952
G. Fraxinus Linnaeus 1753 [ash]
G. Jasminum Linnaeus 1753 [jasmine]
G. Ligustrum Linnaeus 1753 [privet]
G. Notelaea Ventenat 1804
G. Olea Linnaeus 1753 [olive]
G. †Oleaecarpum Menzel 1913
G. †Oleinites Cookson 1947
G. †Oleiphyllum Conwentz 1886
G. †Oleoxylon Duperon
G. †Oleracites Saporta 1862
G. Osmanthus Loureiro 1790
G. Phillyrea Linnaeus 1753
G. †Schreberoidea Chesters 1957
G. †Schreberoxylon Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
G. Syringa Linnaeus 1753 [lilac]
Invalid names: Oleocarpon Sheikh et al. 1986 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Orobanchaceae Ventenat 1799
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Invalid names: Lindenbergiaceae Doweld [synonym], Rehmanniaceae Reveal [synonym]
G. †Paulownioxylon Watari 1948
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†Paulownioxylon hondoense Watari 1948
Fm. †Pedaliaceae Brown 1810
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G. Sesamum Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Plantaginaceae Jussieu 1789 [plantain]
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G. Plantago Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Scrophulariaceae de Jussieu 1789 [figwort]
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G. Bacopa Aublet 1775 [water hyssop]
G. Eremophila Brown 1810
G. Limnophila Brown 1810 [marshweed]
G. Linaria Miller 1758 [toadflax]
G. Mimulus Linnaeus 1753
G. Paulownia Siebold and Zuccarini 1835
G. Pedicularis Linnaeus 1753 [lousewort]
G. †Scrophularina Heer 1859
Fm. Verbenaceae Saint-Hilaire 1805 [verbena]
+
G. Avicennia Linnaeus 1753
G. Callicarpa Linnaeus 1753
G. Citharexylum Linnaeus 1753
G. Clerodendrum Linnaeus 1753 [glorybower]
G. Gmelina Linnaeus 1753
G. †Gmelinoxylon Biradar and Bonde 1984
G. Holmskioldia Retzius 1791
G. Lippia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Premnophyllum Velenovsky 1884
G. Tectona Linnaeus 1763 [teak]
G. †Tectonoxylon Hofmann 1944
G. Vitex Linnaeus 1753 [chaste tree]
G. †Vitexoxylon Ingle 1972
G. †Viticocarpum Menzel 1913
Invalid names: Avicenniaceae Endlicher [empty], Byblidaceae Domin 1922 [empty], Calceolariaceae Olmstead 2001 [empty], Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Cyclocheilaceae Marais [empty], Gesneriaceae de Candolle 1816 [empty], Lennoaceae zu Solms-Laubach [empty], Linderniaceae Borsch et al. 2005 [empty], Martyniaceae Horan. 1847 [empty], Mazaceae Reveal [empty], Paulowniaceae Nakai 1949 [empty], Phrymaceae Schauer 1847 [empty], Plocospermataceae Hutchinson 1973 [empty], Schlegeliaceae Reveal 1996 [empty], Stilbaceae Kunth 1831 [empty], Tetrachondraceae Wettst. 1924 [empty], Thomandersiaceae Sreem. 1977 [empty]
Or. †Metteniusales Takht
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Invalid names: Metteniusaceae Karst ex Schnizl [empty]
Or. †Vahliales Dandy
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Invalid names: Vahliaceae Dandy 1959 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hauterivian to the top of the Holocene or 132.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 129.4 Ma

Collections (1118 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Aralia wellingtoniana (31384)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (South Dakota) Viburnites Evansanus (34868)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Araliaephyllum cachetamanense, Bignonites chalianus (153393)
Early/Lower Cretaceous - Late/Upper Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Antarctica (Antarctic peninsula) Ilexpollenites indet. (172746)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4USA (California) Onoana californica (216252)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Canada (Alberta) Aralia sp. (24840) Araliaephyllum westoni (24838 24839 24842)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Kansas) Aralia newberryi (102722) Aralia polymorpha, Aralia ravniana (29018) Aralia ravniana (102992)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Araliaephyllum westoni (24892)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Russian Federation Araliaephyllum dentatum (34627 34771 34800) Araliaephyllum medium (34792) Araliaephyllum sp. (34778)
Albian - Turonian113.0 - 89.8Australia (Victoria) Ilexpollenites indet. (163583)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6USA (Virginia) Platanophyllum crassinerve, Aralia dubia (106317)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Montana) Araliaephyllum westonii (29138) Araliaephyllum westonii, Aralia wellingtonia (31171)
Late/Upper Albian - Cretaceous105.3 - 66.0Antarctica Araliaephyllum quinquelobatus (32472 32473) Hydrocotylophyllum alexandri (32471)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Ilex serrata (31968)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Alberta) Araliaephyllum groenlandica (31901)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Bignonites chalianus (140359)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Aralia veatchii (31382) Cornophyllum wardii, Araliaephyllum artocarpoides, Fraxinus leii (34971) Viburnum montanum (34973)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.7Argentina (Chubut) Tubulifloridites lilliei, Cricotriporites minutiporus (195707)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Cenomanian99.6 - 93.9Canada (British Columbia) Araliaephyllum rotundiloba (32030)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (British Columbia) Aralia parvidens (32026) Araliaephyllum rotundiloba (32027 32031 35005) Hedera cretacea (31887)