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Mammuthus columbi (Columbian mammoth)
Taxonomy
Elephas columbi was named by Falconer (1857). It is not extant.
It was synonymized subjectively with Elephas americanus by Leidy (1873); it was recombined as Elephas primigenius columbi by Cope (1889); it was recombined as Elephas primigenius columbii by Cope (1893); it was recombined as Euelephas columbi by Osborn (1918); it was recombined as Parelephas columbi by Osborn (1924) and Osborn (1942); it was recombined as Mammuthus (Parelephas) columbi by Haury et al. (1953); it was recombined as Mammuthus columbi by Hibbard (1955), Hibbard (1955), Hibbard and Taylor (1960), Aguirre (1969), Lundelius (1972), Maglio (1973), Puckette and Scholtz (1974), Miller (1976), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hulbert and Pratt (1998), Larson (1999) and Agenbroad (2005).
It was synonymized subjectively with Elephas americanus by Leidy (1873); it was recombined as Elephas primigenius columbi by Cope (1889); it was recombined as Elephas primigenius columbii by Cope (1893); it was recombined as Euelephas columbi by Osborn (1918); it was recombined as Parelephas columbi by Osborn (1924) and Osborn (1942); it was recombined as Mammuthus (Parelephas) columbi by Haury et al. (1953); it was recombined as Mammuthus columbi by Hibbard (1955), Hibbard (1955), Hibbard and Taylor (1960), Aguirre (1969), Lundelius (1972), Maglio (1973), Puckette and Scholtz (1974), Miller (1976), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hulbert and Pratt (1998), Larson (1999) and Agenbroad (2005).
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1838 | Elephas jacksoni Mather |
| 1857 | Elephas columbi Falconer |
| 1858 | Elephas (Euelephas) imperator Leidy p. 29 |
| 1889 | Elephas primigenius columbi Cope p. 196 |
| 1893 | Elephas primigenius columbii Cope p. 897 |
| 1902 | Elephas columbi Hay p. 713 |
| 1918 | Euelephas columbi Osborn |
| 1918 | Euelephas imperator Osborn |
| 1922 | Elephas roosevelti Hay |
| 1922 | Elephas jeffersonii Osborn |
| 1923 | Elephas washingtonii Osborn p. 4 |
| 1924 | Archidiskodon imperator Osborn |
| 1924 | Parelephas columbi Osborn |
| 1924 | Parelephas jeffersonii Osborn |
| 1925 | Elephas maibeni Barbour |
| 1926 | Elephas eellsi Hay |
| 1929 | Archidiskodon sonoriensis Osborn |
| 1929 | Elephas floridanus Osborn |
| 1931 | Elephas columbi Elftman p. 12 |
| 1933 | Archidiskodon imperator Frick p. 633 |
| 1942 | Parelephas columbi Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas floridanus Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas jacksoni Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas jeffersonii Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas progressus Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas roosevelti Osborn |
| 1942 | Parelephas washingtonii Osborn |
| 1953 | Mammuthus (Archidiskodon) imperator Haury et al. p. 21 |
| 1953 | Mammuthus (Parelephas) columbi Haury et al. p. 21 |
| 1955 | Mammuthus columbi Hibbard |
| 1960 | Mammuthus columbi Hibbard and Taylor |
| 1967 | Mammuthus jeffersoni Wilson p. 214 |
| 1969 | Mammuthus columbi Aguirre |
| 1969 | Mammuthus imperator Aguirre |
| 1972 | Mammuthus columbi Lundelius, Jr. |
| 1973 | Mammuthus columbi Maglio |
| 1973 | Mammuthus imperator Maglio |
| 1974 | Mammuthus columbi Puckette and Scholtz p. 55 |
| 1974 | Mammuthus imperator Puckette and Scholtz p. 55 |
| 1974 | Mammuthus jeffersoni Puckette and Scholtz p. 55 |
| 1976 | Mammuthus columbi Miller |
| 1976 | Mammuthus imperator Miller |
| 1980 | Mammuthus columbi Kurten and Anderson p. 351 |
| 1980 | Mammuthus jeffersonii Kurten and Anderson p. 352 |
| 1981 | Mammuthus jacksoni Madden |
| 1981 | Elephas columbi Thurmond and Jones p. 181 |
| 1983 | Mammuthus imperator Madden |
| 1986 | Mammuthus imperator Madden |
| 1992 | Mammuthus imperator Dalquest and Schultz |
| 1996 | Mammuthus imperator Shoshani and Tassy |
| 1998 | Mammuthus columbi Hulbert, Jr. and Pratt |
| 1999 | Mammuthus columbi Larson p. 532 |
| 2005 | Mammuthus columbi Agenbroad p. 74 |
| 2007 | Mammuthus imperator Christiansen p. 425 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M2 height | 1 | 137.0 | |||||
| M3 height | 1 | 228.0 | |||||
| m3 height | 1 | 145.0 |
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: base of the Quaternary to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58000 to 0.01200 Ma
Collections (153 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | Mexico (Sonora) | Mammuthus imperator (20322) | |
| Blancan | El Salvador | Mammuthus columbi (70118) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Minnesota) | Elephas columbi (93502 93511) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Mammuthus columbi (227368) | |
| Pleistocene | Nicaragua | Mammuthus columbi (86963) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Nebraska) | Elephas imperator (234742) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Elephas columbi (126660 127111) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Elephas columbi (45173) Mammuthus imperator (20285) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Alabama) | Elephas columbi (82056) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Elephas columbi (96899) | |
| Pleistocene | Guatemala (Guatemala) | Mammuthus columbi (189384) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Elephas columbi (85137 85140 156789 190387) Elephas sp. (207422 207423) Parelephas columbi (207465) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Minnesota) | Elephas columbi (93504 93505 93506 93508 93509 93510 93512 93513 93514 93515) | |
| Pleistocene | El Salvador (Chalatenango) | Mammuthus columbi (192090) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (New York) | Elephas columbi (222854 222855) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | Mammuthus columbi (235059) Mammuthus sp. (235058) Parelephas columbi (108787) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Santiago chazumba) | Mammuthus columbi (190089) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Mammuthus columbi (65405) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Elephas columbi (93557) | |
| Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Archidiskodon imperator, Parelephas columbi (108782) Parelephas columbi (108781 108783 108784 108785 108786) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Arkansas) | Mammuthus columbi (92494) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Mammuthus columbi (183454 237076) | |
| Quaternary | Mexico (Santiago Chazumba) | Mammuthus columbi (190088) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | Elephas columbi (20318 20420 20533) Elephas imperator (20530) Mammuthus imperator (20163 20412 20568) | |
| Irvingtonian | Canada (Alberta) | Mammuthus columbi (20418) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | Mammuthus imperator (20538) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nebraska) | Mammuthus imperator (20143 20347 20375 20500) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Oklahoma) | Mammuthus columbi (20157) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Mammuthus imperator (20339 20549) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Mammuthus columbi (20327 20386 20387 20409 20452 20527) Mammuthus sp. (20522) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Mammuthus columbi (20295 20353 20390) Mammuthus haroldcooki (20148) Mammuthus imperator (20516) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Montana) | Mammuthus columbi (20310 20373) | |
| Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Mammuthus imperator (20323) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Nebraska) | Archidiskodon imperator, Parelephas columbi (34382) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Arizona) | Mammuthus columbi (190076) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Mammuthus columbi (183460 192043 200313) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Mammuthus columbi (20440) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Texas) | Mammuthus columbi (225289) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Oklahoma) | Mammuthus columbi (70136) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Utah) | Mammuthus columbi (20641) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | Mammuthus columbi (20585 20609 20637) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Elephas columbi (85142) Mammuthus columbi (230003 230004 230753) Parelephas columbi (79632) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Oklahoma) | Mammuthus columbi (91527) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Kansas) | Mammuthus columbi (37788) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Mammuthus columbi (20615) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Arizona) | Mammuthus columbi (79623 93275 93599) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Elephas columbi (93251) Mammuthus columbi (238067) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | Elephas columbi (93103) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Elephas columbi (216271) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Canada (British Columbia) | Parelephas columbi (20632) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Utah) | Mammuthus columbi (109026) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Oklahoma) | Mammuthus columbi (74144) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Texas) | Mammuthus imperator (20603) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Elephas columbi (34269 104046) Mammuthus columbi (154804) Mammuthus columbi, Mammuthus imperator (74292) Parelephas columbi (154773) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Mammuthus columbi (103358) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Utah) | Mammuthus columbi (74478) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Mammuthus columbi (20590) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Honduras | Mammuthus columbi (190753) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Parelephas columbi (93246) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Nicaragua | Mammuthus columbi (86962) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Colorado) | Mammuthus imperator (20617) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Wyoming) | Mammuthus columbi (79626) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Montana) | Mammuthus columbi (93182) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | Mexico (Sonora) | Archidiskodon imperator (74471) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Kansas) | Mammuthus columbi (20605) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Mammuthus columbi (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Mammuthus columbi (190114 190115 190116) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Nevada) | Mammuthus columbi (224638) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Mammuthus imperator (154921) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Guatemala ( Zacapa) | Mammuthus columbi (189381 189382) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (South Dakota) | Mammuthus columbi (93333) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Mammuthus columbi (214540) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Parelephas floridanus (20581) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Guatemala (El Petén) | Mammuthus columbi (189383) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Mammuthus columbi (20591 20613) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | Mexico (Mexico) | Mammuthus imperator (93639) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Mammuthus jeffersoni (63217 63218 63386 63388 63389 63390 63391 63392 63483) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Mammuthus imperator (20569) |