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Pliohippus mirabilis
Taxonomy
Merychippus mirabilis was named by Leidy (1858). Its type specimen is USNM 569, a partial skull (A fragment of the right maxillary containing the posterior two milk molars, and the first true molar partially calcified), and it is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Protohippus mirabilis by Cope (1892), Cope (1893), Trouessart (1898), Gidley (1903) and Gidley (1906); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus (Protohippus) perditus by Stirton (1940); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Pliohippus mirabilis by Matthew (1899), Gidley (1907), Osborn (1918), Matthew (1918), Hay (1930), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Quinn (1955), Hulbert (1989), Voorhies (1990), Kelly (1995), Prado and Alberdi (1996), MacFadden (1998) and Kelly (1998).
It was recombined as Protohippus mirabilis by Cope (1892), Cope (1893), Trouessart (1898), Gidley (1903) and Gidley (1906); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus (Protohippus) perditus by Stirton (1940); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Pliohippus mirabilis by Matthew (1899), Gidley (1907), Osborn (1918), Matthew (1918), Hay (1930), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Quinn (1955), Hulbert (1989), Voorhies (1990), Kelly (1995), Prado and Alberdi (1996), MacFadden (1998) and Kelly (1998).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1858 | Merychippus mirabilis Leidy p. 27 |
1873 | Merychippus mirabilis Leidy p. 249 |
1892 | Protohippus mirabilis Cope |
1893 | Protohippus mirabilis Cope p. 25 |
1898 | Protohippus mirabilis Trouessart |
1899 | Pliohippus mirabilis Matthew |
1902 | Merychippus mirabilis Hay p. 617 |
1903 | Merychippus mirabilis Gidley |
1903 | Protohippus mirabilis Gidley |
1905 | Merychippus mirabilis Trouessart |
1906 | Protohippus mirabilis Gidley |
1907 | Merychippus campestris Gidley |
1907 | Pliohippus mirabilis Gidley |
1907 | Merychippus campestris Gidley p. 928 |
1918 | Pliohippus mirabilis Matthew |
1918 | Merychippus campestris Osborn p. 114 figs. Plates 15.4,5, 19.3,4, 26.1, 44.1, 49.1, 50.3,7. Text Figs. 88, 89. |
1918 | Pliohippus mirabilis Osborn p. 148 figs. Plates 25.10, 26.3. Text Fig. 117 |
1930 | Pliohippus mirabilis Hay |
1930 | Pliohippus mirabilis Matthew and Stirton |
1940 | Merychippus (Protohippus) campestris Stirton p. 182 |
1955 | Pliohippus mirabilis Quinn p. 22 |
1989 | Pliohippus mirabilis Hulbert, Jr. |
1990 | Pliohippus mirabilis Voorhies |
1995 | Pliohippus mirabilis Kelly p. 14 |
1996 | Pliohippus mirabilis Prado and Alberdi p. 676 |
1998 | Pliohippus mirabilis Kelly |
1998 | Pliohippus mirabilis MacFadden p. 550 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Pliohippus mirabilis Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Merychippus campestris Gidley 1907 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1918 (Merychippus campestris) | (Gidley, 1907, pp. 928, 929) (1) Superior molars of the same general appearance as those of Pliohippus
spectans Cope, but differing in the following characters: (2) the molars with shorter crowns; (3) external cones (pa, ma) thicker transversely, making less transverse width for the fossettes; (4) protocone smaller and more rounded, being nearly circular in outline; (5) as in P. spectans the horns of the fossettes end in broadly open loops; (6) the enamel borders are very simple throughout. (7) Lower jaws comparatively long and slender. (8) Mtc. III moderately short and heavy, lateral metacarpals very much reduced. (Osborn, 1918) (9) Enamel plications very simple; (10) protocone extended inward more than hypocone, suggesting some of the simple Pliohippus types of molar. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Leidy, 1858) (1) " ...a deep depression or lachrymal fossa in advance of the orbit, as in the deer,
Oreodon, etc." (Leidy, 1869, p. 294, Osborn, 1918) (2) Deciduous premolars provided with cement; (3) enamel fold- ings around the fossettes as simple as in the horse; (4) protocones conoid, continuous with protoconule; (5) protocone and hypocone on the same longitudinal plane and of equal size; (6) a pli caballin and single enamel fold entering the -pre- and postfossettes from metaloph in m1; (7) enamel of dp3- 4 more ptychoid. Leidy's fuller description of his Pliohippus (Merychippus) mirabilis type is contained in his discussion of the genus Merychippus (1869, pp. 292-296). |