PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Merycoidodon culbertsonii

Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae

Taxonomy

Merycoidodon culbertsonii was named by Leidy (1848) [genotype]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Northwestern End of Seamen Hills (Chadronian), which is in a Chadronian terrestrial horizon in Wyoming.

It was recombined as Oreodon culbertsoni by Leidy (1852), Leidy (1857), Leidy (1869), Leidy (1873), Gaudry (1878), Cope (1884), Scott (1890), Osborn and Wortman (1894), Stewart (1897), Weber (1904), Zittel and Schlosser (1911), Moodie (1915), Barbour and Cook (1917), O'Harra (1920) and Zittel and Schlosser (1923); it was recombined as Oreodon culbertsonii by Leidy (1853); it was corrected as Merycoidodon culbertsoni by Douglass (1906); it was recombined as Merycoidodon (Merycoidodon) culbertsoni by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was considered a nomen vanum by Lander (1998).

Subspecies

M. browni, M. osborni, Oreodon culbertsoni periculorum

Synonyms

Cotylops speciosa was named by Leidy (1851) [genotype]. It is the type species of Cotylops.

It was synonymized subjectively with Oreodon culbertsoni by Leidy (1857) and Cope (1884); it was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsoni by Douglass (1906); it was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Thorpe (1921), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940) and Schultz and Falkenbach (1968); it was considered a nomen vanum by Lander (1998).
Merycoidodon lewisi was named by Clark and Beerbower (1967). Its type locality is Peanut Peak, which is in a Chadronian terrestrial horizon in the Chadron Formation of South Dakota.

It was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was recombined as Prodesmatochoerus lewisi by Lander (1998).
Oreodon macrorhinus was named by Douglass (1903). Its type specimen is CM 767, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Merycoidodon macrorhinus by Douglass (1907), Thorpe (1921), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940) and Schultz and Falkenbach (1968); it was recombined as Prodesmatochoerus macrorhinus by Lander (1998); it was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996) and Tabrum and Nichols (2001).
Oreodon priscum was named by Leidy (1851) [genotype].

It was synonymized subjectively with Oreodon culbertsoni by Leidy (1857) and Cope (1884); it was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Hay (1902), Thorpe (1921), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940), Schultz and Falkenbach (1968) and Stevens and Stevens (1996).
Oreodon robustum was named by Douglass (1902). Its type specimen is CM 56, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Oreodon culbertsoni by Cope (1884); it was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Hay (1902), Thorpe (1921), Thorpe (1937), Scott (1940), Schultz and Falkenbach (1968) and Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was replaced with Oreodon macrorhinus by Douglass (1903); it was synonymized subjectively with Prodesmatochoerus periculorum by Lander (1998).
Otionohyus vanderpooli was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1968). Its type specimen is F:AM 49766, a partial skeleton (Skull with I1-M3, humerus, partial femur, partial tibia, and fragments), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is UNSM Sx-13 (Chadron), which is in a Chadronian terrestrial horizon in Nebraska.

It was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Prodesmatochoerus lewisi by Lander (1998).
Otionohyus wardi was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1968) [genotype]. Its type specimen is F:AM 49662, a partial skeleton (Skull with I1-M3, mandible with i1-m3(rt.) (m2 br.), partial scapula, 2 humeri, 2 radii, 2 ulnae, 2 partial manus, partial femur, 2 partial tibiae, partial pes,), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cedar Creek (Hat Creek Basin), which is in an Orellan terrestrial horizon in the Brule Formation of Nebraska. It is the type species of Otionohyus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Prodesmatochoerus periculorum by Lander (1998).
Paramerycoidodon georgei was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1968). Its type specimen is F:AM 45143, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cottonwood Pass (Lower Nodular Zone), which is in an Orellan terrestrial horizon in the Brule Formation of South Dakota. It is the type species of Paramerycoidodon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Prodesmatochoerus periculorum by Lander (1998).
Prodesmatochoerus meekae was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1954) [genotype]. Its type specimen is F:AM 45023, a skull (Skull with I1-M3 and mandible with p1(rt.)-,m3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Old Woman Creek, which is in an Orellan terrestrial horizon in Wyoming. It is the type species of Prodesmatochoerus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Merycoidodon culbertsonii by Stevens and Stevens (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Prodesmatochoerus periculorum by Lander (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Leidy p. 49
1851	Oreodon robustum Leidy
1851	Oreodon priscum Leidy p. 238
1851	Cotylops speciosa Leidy p. 239
1852	Oreodon culbertsoni Leidy
1853	Oreodon culbertsonii Leidy
1857	Oreodon culbertsoni Leidy p. 89
1869	Oreodon culbertsoni Leidy
1873	Oreodon culbertsoni Leidy p. 211
1878	Oreodon culbertsoni Gaudry
1884	Oreodon culbertsoni Cope p. 512–513
1890	Oreodon culbertsoni Scott
1894	Oreodon culbertsoni Osborn and Wortman
1897	Oreodon culbertsoni Stewart
1902	Oreodon robustum Douglass p. 264
1902	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Hay p. 666
1903	Oreodon macrorhinus Douglass
1904	Oreodon culbertsoni Weber
1906	Merycoidodon culbertsoni Douglass p. 565
1907	Merycoidodon macrorhinus Douglass p. 822
1908	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Lambe
1910	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Osborn
1911	Oreodon culbertsoni Zittel and Schlosser
1912	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Stromer
1913	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Scott
1915	Oreodon culbertsoni Moodie
1917	Oreodon culbertsoni Barbour and Cook
1920	Oreodon culbertsoni O'Harra
1921	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Thorpe
1921	Merycoidodon macrorhinus Thorpe
1923	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Thorpe
1923	Oreodon culbertsoni Zittel and Schlosser
1924	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Loomis
1925	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Loomis
1928	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Weber and Abel
1937	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Thorpe p. 47 figs. Figs. 3, 7, 21-23; PI. II, Figs. 3-6; PI. XL
1937	Merycoidodon macrorhinus Thorpe p. 58 figs. Fig. 24; PL II, figs. 7-8
1940	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Scott p. 669
1940	Merycoidodon macrorhinus Scott p. 676
1953	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Galbreath
1954	Prodesmatochoerus meekae Schultz and Falkenbach p. 226 figs. 18, 22, 24-25
1967	Merycoidodon lewisi Clark and Beerbower
1968	Otionohyus vanderpooli Schultz and Falkenbach
1968	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Schultz and Falkenbach p. 38 figs. 1-3, 19-23, 51
1968	Merycoidodon macrorhinus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 72 figs. Figures 1,3
1968	Paramerycoidodon georgei Schultz and Falkenbach p. 87 figs. 6-9, 19-23, 52
1968	Otionohyus wardi Schultz and Falkenbach p. 107 figs. 10, 11, 19-23, 52
1968	Otionohyus vanderpooli Schultz and Falkenbach p. 115 figs. 10, 19, 22
1996	Merycoidodon (Merycoidodon) culbertsoni Stevens and Stevens p. 518 figs. Figures 2B, 3B; Tables 1-7; Appendix B
1998	Prodesmatochoerus lewisi Lander
1998	Prodesmatochoerus macrorhinus Lander
2007	Merycoidodon culbertsonii Stevens and Stevens p. 158

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
family	Merycoidodontidae
subfamily	Merycoidodontinae
genus	Merycoidodon
species	culbertsonii

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Merycoidodon culbertsonii Leidy 1848

show all | hide all

†Merycoidodon culbertsonii browni Schultz and Falkenbach 1968

†Merycoidodon culbertsonii osborni Schultz and Falkenbach 1968

Invalid names: Cotylops speciosa Leidy 1851 [synonym], Merycoidodon lewisi Clark and Beerbower 1967 [synonym], Merycoidodon periculorum Cope 1884 [synonym], Oreodon macrorhinus Douglass 1903 [synonym], Oreodon priscum Leidy 1851 [synonym], Oreodon robustum Douglass 1902 [synonym], Otionohyus vanderpooli Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Otionohyus wardi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Paramerycoidodon georgei Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Prodesmatochoerus meekae Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]

†Oreodon culbertsoni periculorum Cope 1884

show all | hide all

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1954 (Prodesmatochoerus meekae)	SKULL: Slightly larger than in holotype of P. natronensis, slightly smaller than in cotypes of Subdesmatochoerus socialis; exoccipital foramina elongated; infraorbital foramen above P3. MANDIBLE: Postsymphysis below anterior portion of P8 DENTITION: Series longer than those of the holotype of P. natronensis. LIMBS: Larger than in P. natronensis.
M. S. Stevens and J. B. Stevens 1996	nial characterization defines the genus-subgenus. The quite variable Subnasal L. averages 49% of the Nasal L., the premo- lars are unreduced with an average pl_P41pl_M3 of 50% (Table 3), the APM3/TM3 ratio averages 0.99 (Table 5), the M3 is brachydont-submesodont with an average APM3/Ht. M3 ratio of 1.72 (Table 4), and TM3/Ht. M3 averages 1.75 (Table 6). M. culbertsoni differs from Merycoidodon presidioensis by a signifi- cantly smaller size (based on P 1-M 3 ,P1-M3,and associated measurements), more inclined premaxillae, wider, lower muzzle, and more posterior infraorbital foramina . M. culbertsoni differs from M. bullatus by small, instead of inflated auditory bullae, and a slightly but significantly narrower P.O.C. and lower crowned M3, otherwise similar.