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Mesohippus bairdi
Taxonomy
Palaeotherium bairdii was named by Leidy (1850). It is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Anchitherium bairdii by Leidy (1852), Leidy (1853), Leidy (1857), Leidy (1869) and Cope (1873); it was recombined as Mesohippus bairdi by Marsh (1875), King (1878), Osborn (1904), Douglass (1908) and Prothero and Shubin (1989); it was recombined as Miohippus bairdii by Scott (1891) and Simpson (1985); it was recombined as Miohippus bairdi by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Kalobatippus bairdii by Joleaud (1919); it was misspelled as Anchitherium bairdi by Leidy (1873), Stirton (1940) and Scott (1941); it was recombined as Mesohippus bairdii by Osborn and Wortman (1894), Osborn and Wortman (1895), Osborn (1918), Macdonald (1992) and MacFadden (1998).
It was recombined as Anchitherium bairdii by Leidy (1852), Leidy (1853), Leidy (1857), Leidy (1869) and Cope (1873); it was recombined as Mesohippus bairdi by Marsh (1875), King (1878), Osborn (1904), Douglass (1908) and Prothero and Shubin (1989); it was recombined as Miohippus bairdii by Scott (1891) and Simpson (1985); it was recombined as Miohippus bairdi by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Kalobatippus bairdii by Joleaud (1919); it was misspelled as Anchitherium bairdi by Leidy (1873), Stirton (1940) and Scott (1941); it was recombined as Mesohippus bairdii by Osborn and Wortman (1894), Osborn and Wortman (1895), Osborn (1918), Macdonald (1992) and MacFadden (1998).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1850 | Palaeotherium bairdii Leidy p. 122 |
1852 | Anchitherium bairdii Leidy |
1853 | Anchitherium bairdii Leidy |
1857 | Anchitherium bairdii Leidy p. 89 |
1869 | Anchitherium bairdii Leidy |
1873 | Anchitherium bairdii Cope p. 14 |
1873 | Anchitherium bairdi Leidy p. 218 |
1875 | Mesohippus bairdi Marsh p. 248 |
1878 | Mesohippus bairdi King |
1891 | Miohippus bairdii Scott |
1894 | Mesohippus bairdii Osborn and Wortman p. 353 |
1895 | Mesohippus bairdii Osborn and Wortman p. 352 |
1902 | Miohippus bairdi Hay p. 613 |
1904 | Mesohippus hypostylus Osborn |
1904 | Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn |
1904 | Mesohippus bairdi Osborn p. 168 |
1904 | Mesohippus hypostylus Osborn pp. 170-171 figs. 2, pl. V A |
1904 | Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn pp. 171-172 figs. Plates 1.1, 2.2, text Fig. 23 of [Osborn 1918] |
1908 | Mesohippus portentus Douglass p. 268 figs. Pl. LXV, Figures 1-4 |
1908 | Mesohippus hypostylus Douglass p. 269 |
1908 | Mesohippus bairdi Douglass p. 270 |
1918 | Mesohippus portentus Osborn p. 40 figs. Text Fig. 21 |
1918 | Mesohippus hypostylus Osborn p. 41 figs. Plates 1.2, 2.3. Text Fig. 22 |
1918 | Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn p. 41 figs. Plates 1.1, 2.2. T ext Fig. 23 |
1918 | Mesohippus bairdii Osborn p. 45 figs. Plates 1.3,4, 2.4,13, 39.15,18, 51.7,11. Text Figs. 25, 26 |
1919 | Kalobatippus bairdii Joleaud |
1935 | Pediohippus portentus Schlaikjer p. 144 |
1940 | Mesohippus bairdii Stirton p. 170 |
1940 | Mesohippus hypostylus Stirton p. 170 |
1940 | Mesohippus protentus Stirton p. 170 |
1940 | Mesohippus proteulophus Stirton p. 170 |
1941 | Mesohippus bairdii Scott |
1941 | Pediohippus portentus Scott |
1951 | Mesohippus portentus Macdonald |
1967 | Mesohippus viejensis Clark and Beerbower |
1970 | Mesohippus proteulophus Forsten |
1985 | Miohippus bairdii Simpson |
1989 | Mesohippus bairdi Prothero and Shubin |
1992 | Mesohippus bairdii Macdonald p. 45 |
1998 | Mesohippus bairdii MacFadden p. 543 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Mesohippus bairdi Leidy 1850
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Invalid names: Mesohippus hypostylus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn 1904 [synonym], Mesohippus viejensis Clark and Beerbower 1967 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1918 (Mesohippus hypostylus) | (Osborn, 1904, p. 170) "Distinguished from the preceding species by (I) a clearly defined but rudimentary hypostyle just budding off from the posterior cingulum, (2) by protoloph tending to unite with paracone [para- style]; from M. bairdi[i] by more rudimentary hypostyle and less elevated crests. Metaloph sharp; metaconule not defined at base. Pm1 small. Skull with preorbital [lachrymal] fossa apparently deeper than in M. bairdi[i]." | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Mesohippus portentus) | (Douglass 1908) "(1) Size large and (2) crests of molars high for a horse from this horizon, (3) ectoloph very oblique, (4) protoloph and metaloph nearly equal in length, (5) protoloph large and connected with the parastyle, (6) metaloph narrow and nearly connected with ectoloph, (7) protoconule easily distinguishable, but (8) metaconule absent, (9) a crotchet present on the metaloph, and (10) a small conule in the posterior valley of the tooth, (11) a rudiment of a cingulum between protocone and hypocone, (12) parastyle and (13) hypostyle small."
(Osborn, 1918) The exceptionally progressive characters of these type molar teeth, including the purely lophoid metaloph and the rudimentary crochet, indicate that animal may belong to a higher geologic horizon than the Titanotherium zone. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Mesohippus proteulophus) | (Osborn, 1904) "This is a relatively large animal for the Titanotherium beds, and is the oldest horse known with perfect crests on the molar teeth - hence the name proteulophus. The superior molars are readily distinguished by: (1) their large size; p3-m2 measure .037 mm. as compared with .0335 for the same teeth in M. bairdi[i]; (2) by the primitive absence of a distinct hypostyle; (3) especially by the very advanced or progressive condition of the protoand metalophs which are continued to the ectoloph, and are very little divided, thus resembling those of M. eulophus; (4) the external cingulum sweeps upward across the parastyle instead of rising with it. rna measure 79 mm., indicating an animal of large size." | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Leidy, 1851, p. 122) Type. "This species is about two-thirds the size of P. crassum. The arrange-
ment of the superior molars is very like that of Palreotherium Hippoides... .This second species Dr. L. named P. bairdii, in honor of Prof. S. F. Baird, Curator of the Smithsonian Institution." (Osborn, 1904, 1918) (1) Skull with a distinct lachrymal fossa; (2) cranial (orbito- postorbital) region exceeds facial (preorbital) region in length; (3) molars with crests interrupted and moderately elevated; (4) small hypostyle present as a small bud or crest connected with posterior cingulum; (5) protoloph tending to unite with parastyle, interrupted by protoconule; (6) metaloph relatively sharp and continuous; (7) parastyle teiiding to connect with protoloph; (8) internal cingulum present in medivallum of m3 only. |