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Miohippus annectens

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Miohippus annectens was named by Marsh (1874) [genotype]. Its type specimen is YPM 11275, a set of teeth (eleven upper molar and premolar teeth), and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Miohippus.

It was recombined as Mesohippus annectens by Matthew (1899).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1874Miohippus annectens Marsh p. 168
1899Mesohippus annectens Matthew
1902Miohippus annectens Hay p. 613
1904Miohippus crassicuspis Osborn
1904Miohippus annectens Osborn p. 168
1904Miohippus crassicuspis Osborn p. 178
1918Miohippus crassicuspis Osborn p. 57 figs. Plate 3.11. Text Fig. 35.
1918Miohippus annectens Osborn p. 63 figs. Plate 3.14,15. Text Fig. 43
1930Miohippus annectens Hay
1940Miohippus annectens Stirton p. 172
1940Miohippus crassicuspis Stirton p. 172
1998Miohippus annectens MacFadden p. 544

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyAnchitheriinae()
genusMiohippus
speciesannectens

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Miohippus annectens Marsh 1874
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Invalid names: Miohippus crassicuspis Osborn 1904 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918(Marsh, 1874, pp. 249-250) Based upon type and cotype specimens (Yale Mus. 11275, 11282, 12230).
(1) Anterior margin of orbit above front of third superior molar. (2) Enamel of all teeth preserved, smooth; (3) prominent tubercle in medivallum but no internal cingulum. (4) Distinguished from Miohippus (A.) condoni as follows: (5) in M. (A.) condoni the enamel is rugose; (6) small cusp [hypostyle] behind the posterior crest is parallel with the posterior basal ridge [cingulum] and (7) the inner tubercle between the transverse crests is entirely wanting. (8) The size of the animal exceeds that of a sheep, with longer limbs.
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Miohippus crassicuspis)(Osborn, 1904, p. 179, 1918) (1) Type premolars belong to an animal of larger size than the types of M. intermedius, M. validus, or M. gidleyi. (2) Much interrupted transverse crests of the premolars, the cones and conules quite distinct and separate, a character to which the specific name M. crassicuspis refers; (3) internal cingulum strong but not continuous; (4) in the medivallum are low transverse ridges which rise into cuspules in the related species M. annectens; (5) sides of the protoloph and metaloph crenulate as in M . gidleyi; (6) hypostyle a strong transverse crest nearly separated from posterior cingulum; (7) external cingulum tending to surround parastyle.