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Neohipparion eurystyle

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Equus eurystylus was named by Cope (1893). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Goodnight's, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Goodnight Beds Formation of Texas.

It was recombined as Hipparion eurystylus by Gidley (1901); it was recombined as Hipparion eurystylum by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Hipparion eurystyle by Gidley (1903), Hay (1930) and Matthew and Stirton (1930); it was recombined as Hesperohipparion eurystylus by Dalquest (1981); it was recombined as Neohipparion (Hesperohipparion) eurystyle by Baskin (1991); it was considered a nomen dubium by Gidley (1907), Osborn (1918) and Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Neohipparion eurystyle by Matthew (1909), Merriam (1915), Hesse (1936), Stirton (1940), Savage (1941), Stirton (1952), MacFadden (1984), Hulbert (1987), MacFadden (1998) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1886Hippotherium rectidens Cope p. 360
1889Hippotherium rectidens Cope p. 458
1893Equus eurystylus Cope p. 43
1896Hipparion rectidens Roger
1898Hipparion rectidens Trouessart
1901Hipparion eurystylus Gidley p. 125 figs. 14 - 16
1902Hipparion eurystylum Hay p. 620
1902Hipparion rectidens Hay p. 620
1903Hipparion eurystyle Gidley
1905Neohipparion rectidens Trouessart
1907Neohipparion rectidens Gidley p. 904
1909Neohipparion eurystyle Matthew
1909Neohipparion rectidens Matthew
1915Neohipparion eurystyle Merriam
1915Neohipparion molle Merriam
1918Hipparion molle Osborn p. 196 figs. Text Fig. 160
1918Hipparion rectidens Osborn p. 199 figs. Text Fig. 164
1925Hipparion molle Merriam et al.
1930Hipparion eurystyle Hay
1930Hipparion molle Hay
1930Hipparion rectidens Hay
1930Hipparion eurystyle Matthew and Stirton
1930Hipparion phosphorum Simpson
1936Neohipparion eurystyle Hesse
1940Neohipparion eurystyle Stirton p. 183
1940Neohipparion molle Stirton p. 183
1940Neohipparion phosphorum Stirton p. 183
1940Neohipparion rectidens Stirton p. 183
1941Neohipparion eurystyle Savage
1942Neohipparion molle Stirton and Goeriz
1952Neohipparion eurystyle Stirton
1952Neohipparion molle Stirton
1955Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton
1955Neohipparion floresi Stirton
1955Neohipparion rectidens Stirton
1959Neohipparion otomii Mooser p. 376
1963Neohipparion monias Mooser p. 394
1981Hesperohipparion arellanoi Dalquest p. 506
1981Hesperohipparion eurystylus Dalquest p. 506
1981Hesperohipparion floresi Dalquest p. 506
1981Hesperohipparion monias Dalquest p. 506
1981Hesperohipparion otomii Dalquest p. 506
1981Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest p. 510 figs. 2 - 3
1981Hipparion phosphorum Thurmond and Jones p. 184
1984Neohipparion eurystyle MacFadden p. 105 figs. 48-50, 78-84, 147, 150
1987Neohipparion eurystyle Hulbert, Jr. p. 821 fig. 6
1991Neohipparion (Hesperohipparion) eurystyle Baskin p. 999
1998Neohipparion eurystyle MacFadden p. 548
2006Neohipparion eurystyle Hulbert and Whitmore p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusNeohipparion
specieseurystyle()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Invalid names: Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Hippotherium rectidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion floresi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion molle Merriam 1915 [synonym], Neohipparion monias Mooser 1963 [synonym], Neohipparion otomii Mooser 1959 [synonym], Neohipparion phosphorum Simpson 1930 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Hipparion rectidens)(Cope, 1886) (1) Enamel folds similar to those of the type of H. peninsulatum from the same locality; (2) including the subquadrate central loop [protocone], which is nearly cut off from the anterior lake [prefossette], ro"oth differing from H. peninaulatum in its larger size, presenting 6% more area of. grinding surface; (3) shaft of tooth straight instead of being strongly curved; (4)crown owing to wear nearly square, while it is oblong in the type of H. peninsulatum; (5) two large loops extend inward toward the column instead of one [i. e. double pli caballin].
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Hipparion molle)(Merriam, 1915) (1) Characterized by the length and narrowness of the
upper cheek teeth; (2) simplicity ofthe enamel borders of the transversely narrow pre- and postfossettes; (3) unusually long anteroposterior diameter of the laterally compressed protocone. (4) Of much smaller size than the type of H. mohavense, fossettes relatively narrow, walls of the fossettes showing less plication. (5) Resembling the type of H. montezuma Leidy in general dimensions.
W. W. Dalquest 1981 (Hesperohipparion stirtoni)pper cheekteethstronglyhypsodont;protoconesslenderandelongate;
fossettes with moderately complicated to simply folded borders; small, simple pli caballin present in both premolarsand molars.
Lower cheek teeth greatly expanded anteroposteriorlyin upper quarter of crown; metaconids and metastylidswidely separatedin upper part of tooth with broad,shallow
intervening linguaflexid and only rarely a lingual spur developed in upper part of linguaflexid; metaconid and metastylid converging lower in crown, becoming more
roundedas tooth narrowsanteroposteriorly,with "U"shapedlinguaflexid;pli caballinid strong in extreme upper part of crown but reduced in size in lower half of tooth;
metaconid-metastylid isthmus usually simple or with minor plications of enamel; ectoflexid of upper part of crown usually with accessory foldings of enamel, lacking in
lower part of tooth; metaconid-metastylid isthmus of premolars long and pillarlike; metaconid-metastylidisthmusof molarsshorter;ectoflexid reachingbut not entering isthmus;pli caballinid simple. For figuresof lower cheek teeth see Matthew and Stirton
(1930).
B. J. MacFadden 1984Very hypsodont medium-sized hipparion. Mean TRL125.63 mm. Unworn or little-worn MlMSTHTca. 65-71mm. DPOF absent. Protocone anteriorposteriorly very elongate and usually with angular anterior and posterior borders. Cheek teeth relatively straight transversely. Prominent expanded and flattened parastyles and mesostyles (particularly in the premolars). Fossettes in upper cheek teeth moderately to very plicated. P1 caballin frequently consists of multiple loops. Very shallow ectoflexids, well-developed pli caballinids (often with multiple secondary accessory folds), widely separated metaconids and metastylids, elongated entoconids and hypoconulids, and prominent isthmuses.
Neohipparion eurystyle differs from all other horse genera in the diagnostic generic characters listed above.There also are numerous dental characters that set N. eurystyle apart from all other species of Neohipparion except N. gidleyi. These include characters such as the combination of isolated and very elongated protocones, expanded and flattened styles, very shallow ectoflexids, well-developed pli caballinids and plications on the isthmuses, and expanded conids and stylids frequently with angular enamel borders. N. eurystyle is separated from N.gidleyi based principally on its smaller size.
R. C. Hulbert 1987Medium-sized hipparionine; UTRL and ltrl about 115-1 35 mm. Unworn M12 MSCH about 73 mm. Fossettes moderate to very complex; pli caballin strong; constricted mesostyle; well-developed metastyle; very elongate protocone; pli caballinid well developed (often multiple or branched) on p2-m3 throughout all wear-stages; ectoflexid shallow. DPOF absent.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 10:29:14
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:54:35
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, MacFadden 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the late Early Hemphillian to the top of the Zanclean or 10.30000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (62 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18510)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Kansas) Neohipparion eurystyle (18338)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18588)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Hipparion phosphorum, Neohipparion eurystyle (18505)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18548)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Neohipparion eurystyle (18304)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) Neohipparion eurystyle (18718)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Michoacán) Neohipparion eurystyle (212337)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Neohipparion eurystyle (18201)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Alabama) Hipparion phosphorum (81498) Neohipparion eurystyle (18559)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) Neohipparion eurystyle (212341 212342)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) Neohipparion eurystyle (18140 18342 79633)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18520 18529 18577 18581 18584 18601 18602) Neohipparion phosphorum (18556)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) Neohipparion eurystyle (19479) Neohipparion molle (19537)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Hidalgo) Neohipparion rectidens (18746)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Jalisco) Neohipparion eurystyle (18745 189788 189790 232513)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Nayarit) Neohipparion eurystyle (212338 212339)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Equus eurystylus (type locality: 18175) Neohipparion eurystyle (18073 18097 18377)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Hidalgo) Neohipparion eurystyle (18733)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) Neohipparion eurystyle (157349 157351 175256)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Neohipparion eurystyle (18126 18247 18359)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18532 18553 18573 18599 18603)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Neohipparion eurystyle (18036 18093 18110 18340)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Chihuahua) Neohipparion arellanoi (18755) Neohipparion floresi (18734)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Canada (Alberta) Neohipparion eurystyle (18757)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) Neohipparion eurystyle (18713 18740) Neohipparion eurystyle, Neohipparion monias, Neohipparion otomii (18737)
late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Neohipparion eurystyle (18552)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Neohipparion eurystyle (52582)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Hidalgo) Neohipparion eurystyle (20079)