PBDB Taxon

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Palaeosyops robustus

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae

Taxonomy

Limnohyus robustus was named by Marsh (1872) [genotype]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Henry's Fork Hill (Bridger C), which is in a Bridgerian terrestrial horizon in the Bridger Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops major by Leidy (1873); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops paludosus by Earle (1891), Hay (1902) and Lane (1932); it was recombined as Palaeosyops robustus by Osborn (1929), Gazin (1976), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).

Synonyms

Limnohyus laticeps was named by Leidy (1872). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Marsh's Fork (Upper Bridger), which is in a Bridgerian terrestrial horizon in the Bridger Formation of Wyoming.

It was recombined as Palaeosyops laticeps by Marsh (1872), Marsh (1884), Earle (1895), Matthew (1897), Matthew (1899), Mader (1989) and Gunnell and Yarborough (2000); it was recombined as Limnohyops laticeps by Marsh (1890), Earle (1891), Earle (1892), Roger (1896), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Osborn (1929) and Gazin (1976); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops robustus by Mader (2010).
Palaeosyops copei was named by Osborn (1908).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops robustus by Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).
Palaeosyops diaconus was named by Cope (1873).

It was recombined as Limnohyus diaconus by Cope (1884) and Earle (1891); it was recombined as Limnohyops diaconus by Roger (1896) and Trouessart (1898); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops paludosus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops robustus by Osborn (1929), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).
Palaeosyops grangeri was named by Osborn (1908). Its type locality is Twin Buttes (Lower Bridger), which is in a Bridgerian terrestrial horizon in the Bridger Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops robustus by Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).
Palaeosyops leidyi was named by Osborn (1908). Its type locality is Henry's Fork Hill (Bridger C), which is in a Bridgerian terrestrial horizon in the Bridger Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops paludosus by Lane (1932); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeosyops robustus by Gazin (1976), Mader (1998), Gunnell and Yarborough (2000) and Mader (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1872	Limnohyus laticeps Leidy p. 122
1872	Palaeosyops laticeps Marsh p. 122
1872	Limnohyus robustus Marsh p. 124
1873	Palaeosyops diaconus Cope p. 4
1873	Limnohyus laticeps Leidy p. 58
1878	Limnohyus laticeps Osborn and etal
1884	Limnohyus diaconus Cope
1884	Limnohyus laticeps Cope
1884	Palaeosyops laticeps Marsh
1890	Limnohyops laticeps Marsh p. 525
1891	Limnohyus diaconus Earle
1891	Limnohyops laticeps Earle p. 114
1892	Limnohyops laticeps Earle
1895	Palaeosyops laticeps Earle
1896	Limnohyops diaconus Roger
1896	Limnohyops laticeps Roger
1897	Palaeosyops laticeps Matthew
1898	Limnohyops diaconus Trouessart
1898	Limnohyops laticeps Trouessart
1899	Palaeosyops laticeps Matthew
1902	Limnohyops laticeps Hay p. 630
1908	Palaeosyops copei Osborn
1908	Palaeosyops grangeri Osborn
1908	Palaeosyops leidyi Osborn
1929	Limnohyops laticeps Osborn
1929	Palaeosyops robustus Osborn
1976	Limnohyops laticeps Gazin
1976	Palaeosyops robustus Gazin
1989	Palaeosyops laticeps Mader
1998	Palaeosyops robustus Mader
2000	Palaeosyops laticeps Gunnell and Yarborough
2000	Palaeosyops robustus Gunnell and Yarborough
2010	Palaeosyops robustus Mader

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
family	Brontotheriidae	()
subfamily	Palaeosyopinae	Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
genus	Palaeosyops
species	robustus	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Palaeosyops robustus Marsh 1872

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Invalid names: Palaeosyops copei Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops diaconus Cope 1873 [synonym], Palaeosyops grangeri Osborn 1908 [synonym], Palaeosyops laticeps Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeosyops leidyi Osborn 1908 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 14:53:16

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:53:16

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Mader 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: Bridgerian or 50.30000 to 46.20000 Ma

Collections (6 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Limnohyops laticeps (16282) Palaeosyops grangeri (16448) Palaeosyops leidyi (16420) Palaeosyops robustus (16236) Palaeosyops robustus, Limnohyops laticeps (16279) Palaeosyops robustus, Limnohyops laticeps, Palaeosyops leidyi (type locality: 16235)