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Equus (Asinus) cumminsi

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Equus cumminsii was named by Cope (1893). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Protohippus cumminsii by Gidley (1901), Gidley (1903), Gidley (1907) and Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Merychippus cumminsii by Hay (1902) and Trouessart (1905); it was recombined as Pliohippus cumminsii by Merriam (1917), Osborn (1918), Frick (1921) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Plesippus cumminsii by Matthew and Stirton (1930), Gazin (1936), Schultz (1936) and Hibbard (1944); it was corrected as Equus cumminsi by Stirton (1940) and Dalquest (1975); it was recombined as Asinus cumminsii by Quinn (1955); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsi by Akersten (1972); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsii by Skinner and Hibbard (1972); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Equus (Dolichohippus) simplicidens by MacFadden (1998).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Equus cumminsii Cope p. 67
1901Protohippus cumminsii Gidley p. 126 fig. 17
1902Merychippus cumminsii Hay p. 616
1903Protohippus cumminsii Gidley
1905Merychippus cumminsii Trouessart
1907Protohippus cumminsii Gidley
1909Protohippus cumminsii Matthew
1917Pliohippus cumminsii Merriam
1918Pliohippus cumminsii Osborn p. 168 figs. Plate 24.3,4. Text Fig. 135
1921Pliohippus cumminsii Frick
1930Pliohippus cumminsii Hay
1930Plesippus cumminsii Matthew and Stirton
1936Plesippus cumminsii Gazin
1936Plesippus cumminsii Schultz
1940Equus cumminsi Stirton p. 192
1944Plesippus cumminsii Hibbard
1955Asinus cumminsii Quinn p. 52
1966Equus cumminsii Strain
1972Equus (Asinus) cumminsi Akersten pp. 34 - 36 figs. Figure 16, E, F, G
1972Equus (Asinus) cumminsii Skinner and Hibbard p. 129
1975Equus cumminsi Dalquest p. 33
1980Equus cumminsii Kurten and Anderson p. 287
1995Equus cumminsii Kelly p. 14
1998Equus cuminsii Kelly p. 39

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeEquini
genusEquus
subgenusAsinus
speciescumminsi()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918(Cope, 1893, p. 67) (1) Of smaller size than the type of Pliohippus simplicidens. (2) Enamel borders
of fossettes entirely simple [due to extreme wear]; (3) prominent convexity of the internal wall of the paracone and metacone, from which it results that the external enamel border of each fossette is deeply concave [convex]; (4) proto- cone with a short anteroposterior diameter as in P. simplicidens, not bilobate or grooved on the internal face; (5) an angle of the posterior border of the prefossette represents the loop [crochet fold]; (6) cylindric character of paracone and metacone.