PBDB Taxon

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Calippus hondurensis

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy

Pliohippus hondurensis was named by Olson and McGrew (1941). Its type locality is Rancho Lobo, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Gracias Formation of Honduras.

It was recombined as Calippus (Grammohippus) hondurensis by Hulbert (1988); it was recombined as Calippus hondurensis by MacFadden (1998) and Kelly (1998).

Synonyms

Protohippus castilli was named by Cope (1886). Its type specimen is AMNH 8344, a tooth (An upper molar of the left side), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Merychippus castilli by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Pliohippus (Pliohippus) castilli by Stirton (1940); it was recombined as Calippus (Grammohippus) castilli by Carranza-Castaneda and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (1994); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dalquest and Mooser (1980) and Macdonald (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Calippus hondurensis by MacFadden (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1886	Protohippus castilli Cope
1893	Protohippus castilli Cope p. 26
1902	Merychippus castilli Hay p. 616
1907	Protohippus castilli Gidley p. 901
1918	Protohippus castilli Osborn p. 141 figs. Text Fig. 113
1940	Pliohippus (Pliohippus) castilli Stirton p. 192
1941	Pliohippus hondurensis Olson and McGrew
1988	Calippus (Grammohippus) hondurensis Hulbert, Jr. p. 271 figs. 15H - 15I
1994	Calippus (Grammohippus) castilli Carranza-Castaneda and Espinosa-Arrubarrena p. 185
1998	Calippus hondurensis Kelly
1998	Calippus hondurensis MacFadden p. 550

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
superfamily	Equoidea
family	Equidae
subfamily	Equinae
tribe	Equini
genus	Calippus	()
species	hondurensis	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Calippus hondurensis Olson and McGrew 1941

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Invalid names: Calippus castilli Cope 1886 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Protohippus castilli)	(Cope, 1885, Osborn, 1917) (1) Of larger size than the type of Hipparion peninsulatum; (2) protocone larger and more prominent than hypocone, connected with protoconule and metaconule respectively; (3) crown of molar of medium length, strongly curved inward; (4) grinding surface a little wider than long; (5) fossettes subtriangular, strongly convex inward, each with one large and one smaller enamel fold; (6) external styles prominent.
R. C. Hulbert 1988	Smaller than C. mmtini or "Protohippus" castilli, with moderately worn toothrow lengths of about 101 to 112 mm. Unworn molar crown height about 55 mm. Protocone small, oval, with persistent preprotoconal groove and flattened lingual border. Hypoconal groove shallow; persistently open until late wear-stages in molars; closed earlier in premolars, without hypoconallakes on P34. Molars with pli caballins in early wear. Ectoflexid generally shallower than in C. cerasinus, rarely penetrating isthmus in p2-p4. Large metastylid on p34. Protostylids variably developed.