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Dinohippus spectans
Taxonomy
Hippidium spectans was named by Cope (1880). Its type specimen is AMNH 8183, a set of teeth (a left superior molar, M2, and an associated or referred upper premolar, P2), and it is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Hippidion spectans by Trouessart (1892), Trouessart (1898) and Hay (1902); it was recombined as Pliohippus spectans by Zittel (1893), Roger (1896), Matthew (1899), Trouessart (1905), Gidley (1907), Merriam and Sinclair (1907), Cope and Matthew (1915), Merriam (1917), Osborn (1918), Merriam et al. (1925), Hay (1930), Quinn (1955), Macdonald (1959), Shotwell (1963) and MacFadden (1998); it was recombined as Protohippus spectans by Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Pliohippus (Pliohippus) spectans by Stirton (1940); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Dinohippus spectans by Creely et al. (1982), Kelly and Lander (1988), Hulbert (1989), Kelly (1995), Kelly (1998) and Kelly and Secord (2009).
It was recombined as Hippidion spectans by Trouessart (1892), Trouessart (1898) and Hay (1902); it was recombined as Pliohippus spectans by Zittel (1893), Roger (1896), Matthew (1899), Trouessart (1905), Gidley (1907), Merriam and Sinclair (1907), Cope and Matthew (1915), Merriam (1917), Osborn (1918), Merriam et al. (1925), Hay (1930), Quinn (1955), Macdonald (1959), Shotwell (1963) and MacFadden (1998); it was recombined as Protohippus spectans by Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Pliohippus (Pliohippus) spectans by Stirton (1940); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Dinohippus spectans by Creely et al. (1982), Kelly and Lander (1988), Hulbert (1989), Kelly (1995), Kelly (1998) and Kelly and Secord (2009).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1880 | Hippidium spectans Cope |
1892 | Hippidion spectans Trouessart |
1893 | Hippidium spectans Cope p. 43 |
1893 | Pliohippus spectans Zittel |
1896 | Pliohippus spectans Roger |
1898 | Hippidion spectans Trouessart |
1899 | Pliohippus spectans Matthew |
1902 | Hippidion spectans Hay p. 619 |
1905 | Pliohippus spectans Trouessart |
1907 | Pliohippus spectans Gidley p. 898 |
1907 | Pliohippus spectans Merriam and Sinclair |
1909 | Protohippus spectans Matthew |
1915 | Pliohippus spectans Cope and Matthew pp. Plate CXLVIIIa |
1917 | Pliohippus spectans Merriam p. 428 |
1918 | Pliohippus spectans Osborn p. 165 figs. Plate 28.2. Text Fig. 132 |
1925 | Pliohippus spectans Merriam et al. |
1930 | Pliohippus spectans Hay |
1940 | Pliohippus (Pliohippus) spectans Stirton p. 192 |
1955 | Pliohippus spectans Quinn p. 17 |
1959 | Pliohippus spectans Macdonald |
1963 | Pliohippus spectans Shotwell p. 75 |
1982 | Dinohippus spectans Creely et al. |
1988 | Dinohippus spectans Kelly and Lander |
1989 | Dinohippus spectans Hulbert, Jr. |
1995 | Dinohippus spectans Kelly p. 14 |
1998 | Dinohippus spectans Kelly |
1998 | Pliohippus spectans MacFadden p. 550 |
2009 | Dinohippus spectans Kelly and Secord p. 138 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Dinohippus spectans Cope 1880
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Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Cope, 1880) (1) Molar teeth of larger size than those of.any of the extinct American horses excepting
Equus excelsus, about equalling those of Hippidium neogceum Lund; (2) crowns very long, slightly curved; (3) roots short; (4) internal columns [protocone, hypocone] relatively small, subequal in size, flattened in outline; (5) fossettes of great transverse width, equal to the anteroposterior diameters; (6) crescents [pa, me, pl, ml] correspondingly narrow; (7) enamel borders of fossettes simple, there being only a few notches on the adjacent faces; (8) one loop [pli caballin] projecting from inner enamel border almost reaching anterior inner column [protocone]; (9) cement abundant; (10) a crochet fold projecting into prefossette. |