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Protohippus perditus
Taxonomy
Equus (Protohippus) perditus was named by Leidy (1858) [subgenus Protohippus]. Its type specimen is USNM 619, a partial skull (a fragment of an upper jaw containing the posterior four molars, P4-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Niobrara River (coll. Hayden 1857), which is in a Barstovian/Clarendonian terrestrial horizon in the Loup Fork Formation of Nebraska. It is the type species of Protohippus, Equus (Protohippus).
It was recombined as Merychippus perditus by Hay (1902), Trouessart (1905), Stirton (1933), McGrew and Meade (1938), Henshaw (1942), Hesse (1943) and Forsten (1975); it was recombined as Merychippus (Protohippus) perditus by Stirton (1940); it was recombined as Protohippus perditus by Leidy (1869), Leidy (1873), King (1878), Cope (1889), Cope (1893), Trouessart (1898), Matthew (1899), Gidley (1906), Gidley (1907), Matthew (1909), Cope and Matthew (1915), Osborn (1918), Matthew (1918), Matthew (1924), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Quinn (1955), Evander (1978), Hulbert (1988), Prado and Alberdi (1996) and MacFadden (1998).
It was recombined as Merychippus perditus by Hay (1902), Trouessart (1905), Stirton (1933), McGrew and Meade (1938), Henshaw (1942), Hesse (1943) and Forsten (1975); it was recombined as Merychippus (Protohippus) perditus by Stirton (1940); it was recombined as Protohippus perditus by Leidy (1869), Leidy (1873), King (1878), Cope (1889), Cope (1893), Trouessart (1898), Matthew (1899), Gidley (1906), Gidley (1907), Matthew (1909), Cope and Matthew (1915), Osborn (1918), Matthew (1918), Matthew (1924), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Quinn (1955), Evander (1978), Hulbert (1988), Prado and Alberdi (1996) and MacFadden (1998).
Subspecies
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1858 | Equus (Protohippus) perditus Leidy p. 26 |
1869 | Protohippus perditus Leidy |
1873 | Protohippus perditus Leidy p. 248 |
1878 | Protohippus perditus King |
1889 | Protohippus perditus Cope |
1889 | Protohippus profectus Cope |
1893 | Protohippus perditus Cope p. 24 |
1898 | Protohippus perditus Trouessart |
1899 | Protohippus perditus Matthew |
1902 | Merychippus perditus Hay p. 617 |
1905 | Merychippus perditus Trouessart |
1906 | Protohippus perditus Gidley |
1907 | Protohippus perditus Gidley |
1907 | Protohippus profectus Gidley p. 907 |
1909 | Protohippus perditus Matthew |
1909 | Protohippus profectus Matthew |
1915 | Protohippus perditus Cope and Matthew |
1918 | Protohippus perditus Matthew |
1918 | Protohippus perditus Osborn p. 129 figs. Plates 21.3, 25.8. Text Figs. 102, 103, 116a |
1918 | Protohippus profectus Osborn p. 143 figs. Plate 22.3. Text Fig. 115 |
1924 | Protohippus perditus Matthew |
1930 | Protohippus perditus Matthew and Stirton |
1933 | Merychippus perditus Stirton |
1938 | Merychippus perditus McGrew and Meade p. 201 |
1938 | Pliohippus profectus McGrew and Meade p. 201 |
1940 | Merychippus (Protohippus) perditus Stirton p. 182 |
1940 | Merychippus (Protohippus) profectus Stirton p. 182 |
1942 | Merychippus perditus Henshaw |
1943 | Merychippus perditus Hesse |
1955 | Protohippus perditus Quinn p. 17 |
1955 | Eoequus wilsoni Quinn p. 54 |
1975 | Merychippus perditus Forsten |
1978 | Protohippus perditus Evander |
1988 | Protohippus perditus Hulbert, Jr. p. 282 fig. 22A |
1996 | Protohippus perditus Prado and Alberdi p. 676 |
1998 | Protohippus perditus MacFadden p. 550 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Protohippus perditus Leidy 1858
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†Protohippus perditus secundus Osborn 1918
Invalid names: Eoequus wilsoni Quinn 1955 [synonym], Protohippus profectus Cope 1889 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Leidy, 1858) (1) The portion of jaw is like the corresponding part in the recent horse. (2) Molar
teeth with their crowns about one-half worn; (3) enamel folds even less complex than in the recent horse; (4) antero- internal fold [protocone] of the same form, direction, and mode of continuation as the posterointernal fold [hypocone]. (Gidley, 1907) (5) Moderately small size. (6) Laterally compressed and backwardly directed protocone and hypocone of the upper molars. (7) Shallow, not sharply defined lachrymal fossa; (8) rudimentary condition or entire absence of malar fossa. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Protohippus profectus) | (Cope, 1889, Osborn, 1918) (1) In dimensions the type of this species is about equal to" Hippotherium" apecioaum [a referred specimen]; (2) "The other six (with one exception) are less worn, and present a less complex folding of the enamel plates [than in Protohippus retruaua]"; (3) protocone of the same flattened form as in P. retrusua but con- nected with protoconule by a narrow isthmus; (4) separated in two of the teeth from the metaconule; (5) p2 presenting a complete fusion; (6) approaching nearer to Equua than any known species of Equua or Hippidium. | |
J. H. Quinn 1955 (Eoequus wilsoni) | ize large; teeth robust and heavily cemented, high crowned, mod- erately curved; styles pronounced, valleys deep, ribs reduced; fossettes large with pli protoloph and pli hypoloph; proto- cones elongate, heeled anteriorly, grooved lingually, oriented with Ion" axis of tooth row, disconnected at ~ummi; of crowns but with long spurs connecting as narrow com- missures about 10 mm below unworn sum- mit of crowns; lower teeth with unequal metaconids and metastylids; protoconids and hypoconids slightly flattened; in- cipient pli caballinids on all teeth; para- stylids on all teeth. | |
J. H. Quinn 1955 | per teeth strongly hyp- sodont, little curved; ectoloph flattened, styles more prominent than in later species; fossettes large and simple but less so than in later species; protocones small
and oval; no pli caballin on the molars; lower teeth with the parastylid nearly eliminated but oriented as in Hippodon; metaconid and metastylid small and of nearly equal size with the metastylid sharply restricted; flexids plicate at early state of wear. | |
R. C. Hulbert 1988 | Slightly smaller and less hypsodont than P. supremus, with toothrow lengths of about 120 to 135 mm and unworn molar crown heights of about 47 mm. Relatively short postcanine diastema and large DPl. Shorter, more oval protocones than P. supremus or P. gidleyi; also shorter metaconid-metastylid complexes and entoflexid lengths. |