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Systemodon tapirinus

Mammalia - Perissodactyla

Taxonomy
Orohippus tapirinus was named by Cope (1875). Its type specimen is USNM 1064, a mandible (right mandible fragment with P3–M3), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Hyracotherium tapirinus by Cope (1877), Hay (1899), Matthew (1899), Troxell (1922) and Radinsky (1963); it was recombined as Hyracotherium tapirinum by Wortman (1896) and MacFadden (1998); it was recombined as Eohippus tapirinus by Hay (1902) and Peterson (1919); it was considered a nomen dubium by Granger (1908); it was recombined as Systemodon tapirinus by Cope (1882), Cope (1884), Froehlich (1999) and Froehlich (2002).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1875Orohippus tapirinus Cope p. 20
1877Hyracotherium tapirinus Cope
1882Systemodon tapirinus Cope p. 183
1884Systemodon tapirinus Cope
1896Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman
1896Hyracotherium tapirinum Wortman
1896Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman p. 96 fig. 6
1899Hyracotherium tapirinus Hay p. 593
1899Hyracotherium tapirinus Matthew
1902Eohippus cristatus Hay p. 609
1902Eohippus tapirinus Hay p. 610
1908Eohippus cristatus Granger
1919Eohippus tapirinus Peterson p. 103
1922Hyracotherium tapirinus Troxell
1930Eohippus cristatus Hay
1940Eohippus cristatus Stirton
1963Hyracotherium tapirinus Radinsky
1991Hyracotherium cristatum Gingerich
1998Hyracotherium cristatum MacFadden p. 542
1998Hyracotherium tapirinum MacFadden p. 542
1999Systemodon tapirinus Froehlich
2002Systemodon tapirinus Froehlich p. 183–184

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
—Tapiromorpha(Haeckel 1873)
genusSystemodon
speciestapirinus()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Systemodon tapirinus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman 1896 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. J. Froehlich 2002This taxon has no identified unambiguous autapomorphies but it can be diagnosed by the characters it shares with Cymbalophus. The synapomorphies include the following characters: upper molar parastyle small (Character 38, 2 to 1), M3 smaller than M2, M3 larger than M2 (Character 67, 2 to 1), P4 entoconid small and variable (Character 75, 2 to 1), and M3 hypoconulid connection forming a triple junction with the prehypoconulid crista (Character 105, 0 to 1). The last of these characters is only found in these two taxa and strongly supports their monophyly. Cymbalophus can be distinguished from Systemodon only on size and geography.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubo
Diet: browsersubo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 15:02:20
Modified: 2005-08-31 17:02:20
Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Colbert and Schoch 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Graybullian to the top of the Wasatchian or 55.80000 to 50.30000 Ma

Collections (51 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Graybullian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Hyracotherium cristatum (15701)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Hyracotherium cristatum (15692 15694 15695 15697 15702 15703 15704 15705 15706 15707 46682 46683 46692 46696 46699 46700 46701 46703 46704 46707 46711 46712 46714 46718 46729 46733 46734 46736 46740 46741 46742 46745 46746 46747 46748 46754 46755 46760 46761 46764 46767 46825 46826 46827 46847 46849)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (New Mexico) Hyracotherium tapirinum (15663)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) Hyracotherium cristatum (15680 15684 15700)