PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Teleoceras hicksi

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomy

Teleoceras hicksi was named by Cook (1927). Its type specimen is DMNS 304, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil.

Synonyms

Paraphelops rooksensis was named by Lane (1927) [genotype]. Its type specimen is KUMVP 2913, a mandible (A practically complete lower jaw with both rami intact and united at the symphysis, with the full (lower) dentition), and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Paraphelops.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras fossiger by Matthew (1932); it was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras hicksi by Prothero (2005).
Paraphelops yumensis was named by Cook (1930). Its type specimen is DMNS 731, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wray, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in Colorado.

It was recombined as Teleoceras yumensis by Matthew (1932) and Frye et al. (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras hicksi by Woods and Stucky (1992) and Prothero (2005).
Peraceras ponderis was named by Cook (1930). Its type specimen is DMNS 732, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras hicksi by Woods and Stucky (1992) and Prothero (2005).
Teleoceras ocotensis was named by Dalquest and Mooser (1980). Its type specimen is TMM 41685-8, a tooth (upper third molar, crown well preserved but roots mostly missing), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras fossiger by Carranza-Castaneda (1989); it was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras hicksi by Prothero (1998) and Prothero (2005).
Teleoceras schultzi was named by Tanner (1975). Its type locality is Cambridge, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Ash Hollow Formation of Nebraska.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras fossiger by Voorhies (1990) and Mead (2000); it was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras hicksi by Prothero (2005).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1927	Teleoceras hicksi Cook
1927	Paraphelops rooksensis Lane p. 300
1930	Paraphelops yumensis Cook
1930	Peraceras ponderis Cook
1930	Paraphelops yumensis Cook p. 44
1930	Peraceras ponderis Cook p. 45
1932	Teleoceras yumensis Matthew
1956	Teleoceras yumensis Frye et al.
1975	Teleoceras schultzi Tanner
1980	Teleoceras ocotensis Dalquest and Mooser p. 5
2005	Teleoceras hicksi Prothero p. 119
2008	Teleoceras hicksi Webb et al.
2012	Teleoceras hicksi Gustafson

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ceratomorpha	(Wood 1937)
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea
family	Rhinocerotidae
subfamily	Rhinocerotinae
tribe	Rhinocerotini
subtribe	Teleoceratina	(Hay 1902)
genus	Teleoceras
species	hicksi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Teleoceras hicksi Cook 1927

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Invalid names: Paraphelops rooksensis Lane 1927 [synonym], Peraceras ponderis Cook 1930 [synonym], Teleoceras ocotensis Dalquest and Mooser 1980 [synonym], Teleoceras schultzi Tanner 1975 [synonym], Teleoceras yumensis Cook 1930 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
W. W. Dalquest and O. Mooser 1980 (Teleoceras ocotensis)	A large Teleoceras with large upper lateral incisor, hypsodont cheek teeth, upper first premolar present, median valley of upper cheek teeth closed to form isolated or nearly isolated lakes at early age, cingula strongly developed on upper teeth

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibiousg

Diet:

grazerg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 15:13:50

Modified:

2009-01-04 12:32:14

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Prothero 1998, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Blancan or 10.30000 to 1.80000 Ma

Collections (25 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Nevada)	Rhinocerotidae indet. (19129)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	USA (Arizona)	Teleoceras sp. (19387)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (Nebraska)	Teleoceras hicksi (18438)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (Texas)	Teleoceras hicksi (18358)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Florida)	Teleoceras hicksi (45456)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Oregon)	Teleoceras sp. (18970)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Florida)	Teleoceras hicksi (18577)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico	Teleoceras hicksi (181304)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Colorado)	Teleoceras yumensis (18495)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Oklahoma)	Teleoceras hicksi (18304)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (New Mexico)	Teleoceras sp. (19186)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Texas)	Teleoceras hicksi (18072 18097)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Nebraska)	Teleoceras hicksi (18033) Teleoceras schultzi (18086)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico (Jalisco)	Teleoceras sp. (18745)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (California)	Teleoceras sp. (19445)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Teleoceras hicksi (18755)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Texas)	Teleoceras hicksi (18340)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (New Mexico)	Teleoceras hicksi (169259)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Florida)	Teleoceras fossiger (18599) Teleoceras hicksi (18573)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico (Guanajuato)	Teleoceras ocotensis (18737)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (Nevada)	Teleoceras hicksi (19965)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (Washington)	Teleoceras hicksi (20063)