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Ticholeptus zygomaticus
Taxonomy
Ticholeptus zygomaticus was named by Cope (1878) [genotype]. Its type specimen is AMNH 8112, a partial skull (Crushed skull (lacking nasals, frontals, and a portion of the occipital region) with I1-M3 (P1 br.) and mandible with i1-m3), and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Ticholeptus.
It was recombined as Merychyus zygomaticus by Cope (1884), Scott (1890), Scott (1893) and Hay (1902).
It was recombined as Merychyus zygomaticus by Cope (1884), Scott (1890), Scott (1893) and Hay (1902).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1878 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Cope p. 380 |
1884 | Merychyus zygomaticus Cope p. 545 |
1886 | Merycochoerus obliquidens Cope p. 359 |
1890 | Merychyus zygomaticus Scott |
1893 | Merychyus zygomaticus Scott |
1902 | Merycochoerus obliquidens Hay p. 668 |
1902 | Merychyus zygomaticus Hay p. 669 |
1903 | Merychyus smithi Douglass |
1903 | Poatrephes paludicola Douglass |
1906 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Douglass p. 567 |
1907 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Douglass |
1920 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Loomis |
1924 | Ticholeptus hypsodus Loomis |
1930 | Promerycochoerus obliquidens Hay |
1937 | Ticholeptus hypsodus Thorpe p. 191 figs. Fig. 140 |
1937 | Ticholeptus obliquidens Thorpe p. 192 figs. PI. XXIX, figs. 5-6 |
1937 | Ticholeptus smithi Thorpe p. 197 figs. Fig. 144 |
1937 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Thorpe p. 198 figs. PLXXIX,figs. 1-2 |
1937 | Poatrephes paludicola Thorpe p. 200 figs. Fig. 145 ; PI. XXVII, figs. 1-2 |
1941 | Ustatochoerus schrammi Schultz and Falkenbach p. 49 |
1941 | Ticholeptus hypsodus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 76 |
1941 | Ticholeptus obliquidens Schultz and Falkenbach p. 82 |
1941 | Ticholeptus rileyi Schultz and Falkenbach p. 83 |
1941 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 85 |
1941 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus smithi Schultz and Falkenbach p. 86 |
1968 | Ticholeptus hypsodus leadorensis Schultz and Falkenbach p. 375 figs. Figure 44 |
1988 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Kelly and Lander |
1988 | Merychyus elegans smithi Kelly and Lander p. 8 |
1998 | Merychyus smithi Lander |
1998 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Lander |
2001 | Merychyus smithi Tabrum and Nichols |
2007 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Stevens and Stevens p. 164 |
2023 | Ticholeptus zygomaticus Stevens et al. p. 88 figs. Figures 71-74; Appendix 9A; Table A30 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Ticholeptus zygomaticus Cope 1878
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Invalid names: Merychyus smithi Douglass 1903 [synonym], Merycochoerus obliquidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Poatrephes paludicola Douglass 1903 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus Loomis 1924 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus leadorensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Ticholeptus rileyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym], Ustatochoerus schrammi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 (Ticholeptus obliquidens) | SKULL.-Unknown.
MANDIBLE.-Similar to those of T. zygomaticus and T. hypsodus; slightly smaller and shallower than in T. zygomaticus but nearly equal in size to small examples of T. hypsodus. DENTITION.-Superior series unknown; inferior series slightly heavier and of less length than that of T. zygomaticus, and approximately equal in size and form to that of T. hypsodus. LIMBS.-Unknown. | |
C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 (Ticholeptus hypsodus) | SKULL.-Slightly shorter, but approximately same width as that of T. zygomaticus; frontals robust above orbits.
MANDIBL'E,-Similarto T. zygomaticus; slightly smaller. DENTITION.-Superior and inferior series approximately same length as those of T. zygomaticus, but somewhat lighter. LIMBS.-Heavier than those of T. rileyi and T. tooheyi. | |
C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 (Ticholeptus rileyi) |
SKULL.-Unknown. MANDIBLE.-Approximate size of that of T. hypsodus; ramus shallow (even shallower than in T. obliquidens and T. tooheyi); ascending ramus shallow and narrow anteroposteriorly; condyle light. DENTITION.-Superior series unknown; inferior series approximate size of those of T. zygomaticus and T. hypsodus. LIMBs.-Known only from a partial femur; lighter than examples of T. hypsodus. | |
C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 |
SKULL.-Slightly longer but approximately same width as that of T. hypsodus; zygomatic arch similar to that of T. hypsodus and more robust than in T. tooheyi; postglenoid process slightly lighter than in T. hypsodus. MANDIBLE.-Equal to some examples of T. hypsodus. DENTITION.-Superior and inferior series approximately equal to large examples of those of T. hypsodus, but slightly heavier and longer than average of that species. LIMBS.-Unknown. | |
C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 (Ustatochoerus schrammi) | MANDIBLE.-Smallest of the genus; lighter and shallower than examples of
U. medius. DENTITION.-lnferior series smaller than those of U. medius but larger than in any known species of Tichowptus; P2 and P3 with cusps typical of Ustato- choerus but P4 with these cusps only slightly developed. LIMBs.-Unknown. | |
M. S. Stevens et al. 2023 | Largest species of Ticholeptus, with a more robust skull than T. tooheyi, and a slightly heavier dentition |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Lillegraven 1979, Lander 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999 |
Age range: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Hemingfordian or 16.30000 to 15.97000 Ma
Collections (37 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Ticholeptus zygomaticus (18922 18925 18946) | |
Miocene | USA (Oregon) | Ticholeptus sp. (18898) | |
Hemingfordian | USA (Colorado) | Ticholeptus sp. (17908) | |
Hemingfordian | USA (Nevada) | Ticholeptus zygomaticus (18960 18961 18962 18963 18964 18965) | |
Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Ticholeptus hypsodus (17979 17999) | |
Barstovian | USA (Oregon) | Merycoidodontidae indet. (18809) Ticholeptus obliquidens (19017 19019) Ticholeptus sp. (19056 19092) Ticholeptus zygomaticus (19031) | |
Barstovian | USA (Idaho) | Ticholeptus hypsodus (19013) | |
Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Ticholeptus sp. (18794) | |
Barstovian | USA (Texas) | Ticholeptus rileyi (18619) | |
Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Ustatochoerus schrammi (18124) | |
Barstovian | USA (California) | Merychyus relictus (19513) | |
Barstovian | USA (Montana) | Ticholeptus zygomaticus, Poatrephes paludicola (18894) | |
Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | Ticholeptus sp. (19103) | |
Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Ticholeptus hypsodus (17904 17905 17955 17956 17972 17976 18004 18011 18020) | |
Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Florida) | Ticholeptus hypsodus (18549) | |
Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Montana) | Ticholeptus sp. (18803) |